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history to the popularity of diamond
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Should diamonds be seen as such highly sought-after, luxury goods, and marketed and sold at such extravagant amounts? While some individuals might be of the impression that diamonds are lavishly priced, because of limited supply, it is of my opinion that a very shrewdly-created cartel disguises the very reason for these “rare” gems seemingly being worth your “pretty penny”.
Based on the integration of a cartel of its type in the diamond market, I see it fit to say that the price of diamonds is set above what is reasonable. This essay will expound the role of the diamond cartel in cinching the high price charged by all those involved in selling diamonds. (Levenstein, Suslow, 2008: Cartel) states that cartels are agreements or associations between or of firms, with the aim of fixing prices and/or limiting output. These can operate in multiple ways, from rigging auctions, to separating their firms far from each other, making it seem as though they are the only supplier of a specific commodity within a certain area and thus limiting supply within their respective area. On average, cartels last just about five years and then end, often as a result of legalities, seeing as cartels are most commonly illegal.
In this case, it is a diamond cartel which has a role to play in the price of diamonds and the following essay is going to use demand and supply curves or diagrams and various other resources to explain how a cartel can affect the price of a good, but specifically a diamond. It will also illustrate how different the market for diamonds would be without the incorporation of a cartel. First and foremost, however, this essay with explain the history of both diamond market and diamond cartel creation from its proverbial “roots” here in...
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... immediately decreasing the price of diamonds. Sometimes, as in the case with Soviet diamond being of the best quality, De Beers couldn’t always have it their own way and had to then negotiate lower selling prices from them to the Soviet buyers in order to restrict the Soviets from flooding the market with their own diamonds.
The demand-side of this cartel was primarily driven by advertising and in 1948, its world-renowned statement of “A diamond in forever” won over consumers like nothing had ever before. This associated an idea of a diamond being an “heirloom”, decreasing the chances of the resale market of diamonds booming. They were seen as “priceless”, similarly to love: something that is just immeasurable. De Beers ingeniously lead consumers towards buying their most fancy and rare cut of diamond to act as the talisman for love for their “female associates”.
Deep within African mines, elusive diamonds lay enveloped in the Earth’s crust. Possessing much influence, beauty, and tension, nature’s hardest known substance causes parallel occurrences of unity and destruction on opposite sides of the globe. Diamonds, derived from the Greek word "adamas", meaning invincible, are formed deep within the mantle, and are composed entirely from carbon. Moreover, only under tremendous amounts of heat and pressure can diamonds form into their preliminary crystal state. In fact, diamonds are formed approximately 150km- 200km below the surface and at radical temperatures ranging from 900-1300 C°. When these extremes meet, carbon atoms are forced together creating diamond crystals. Yet how do these gems, ranking a ten on Moh’s hardness scale, impact the individual lives of millions of people besides coaxing a squeal out of brides-to-be? These colorless, yellow, brown, green, blue, reddish, pink, grey and black minerals are gorgeous in their cut state, but how are these otherwise dull gems recognized and harvested? Furthermore, how and why is bloodshed and violence caused over diamonds in Africa, the supplier of approximately 65% of the world’s diamonds? (Bertoni) The environmental, social, and economic impact of harvesting, transporting, and processing diamonds is crucial because contrary to popular belief, much blood has been spilled over first-world “bling”.
DeBeers founded in 1880’s became the world’s largest diamond mining and trading company in the world. When DeBeers was established it controlled around 45% of the world’s diamond production and sold over 80% of all diamonds produced. DeBeers used underhand tactics to remove smaller diamond mines and punished those who tried to break away from the DeBeers “empire”.
In Nicky Oppenheimer's speech, he states that diamonds are a valuable luxury desired by many and DeBeers strives to preserve their value. Furthermore, he claimed that it is essential for DeBeers to "be able to clear the market of all rough diamond production". Other companies who deal with this luxury will be motivated by evil greed, so DeBeers has the duty to ensure that these types of companies will not gain power. From the discovery of diamonds in certain countries in Africa, DeBeers has allowed their economies to drastically grow. Oppenheimer also brings up an interesting point when he compares how similar the diamond and oil industries are with their regulations standards, which lessens the negative views on DeBeers' brand, since they
Since the discovery of diamonds, the precious gem has always remained an item of luxury and great beauty and one that requires a great deal of financial sacrifice in order to acquire. Prices of diamonds have remained relatively stable over the last 100 years while prices of other commodities have fluctuated heavily (Hauser, 2002). Diamonds are a relatively rare commodity which gives them a high value and with the help of De Beer’s advertising campaign, spanning the last six decades, that high value appeal has been sustained. However, the high price of diamonds cannot be solely down to its rarity as the discovery of new deposits over the past decades has led to an increase in the number of diamonds available and thus since they aren’t as rare as they once were, the prices should’ve dropped. This essay argues that the price of diamonds is too high due to the fact that although the amount of diamonds available has increased over time, prices have remained relatively stable. The essay will show that there are powerful entities influencing the price of diamonds in such a way that the current and recent prices have been much greater compared to what they were and are meant to be. The essay will achieve its objectives through outlining the role of the diamond cartel in influencing the price of diamonds and it’ll seek to highlight the powerful entities controlling the cartel and explain how the cartel managed to set and maintain high prices.
In “ “Blood Diamonds” and Africa’s Armed Conflicts in the Post – Cold War Era, “ Orogun (2004) said that diamonds are referring as “clean stones”. This article explains about the black market is really happening in African. I am using this article to support how the black market of diamond trades is still not regulated, and they defined it as “licit” trade.
Final contribution of de beers to the diamond pipeline is the promotion of diamond jewelry for the industry; through advertising campaigns developed from extensive market research; trade promotional activities and jewelry design competitions
Some of the highest producing diamond mines are countries in Africa. Countries that had some of the highest rate of conflict were Angola, The Democratic Republic of Congo, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. The ...
It’s hard to imagine that a mineral could be fueling wars and funding corrupt governments. This mineral can be smuggled undetected across countries in a coat pocket, then be sold for vast amounts of money. This mineral is used in power tools, parts of x-ray machines, and microchips but mostly jewelry. Once considered the ultimate symbol of love, the diamond has a darker story. "Blood" diamonds or "conflict" diamonds are those mined, polished, or traded in areas of the world where the rule of law does not exist. They often originate in war-torn countries like Liberia, Sierra Leone, Angola, and Côte d'Ivoire were rebels use these gems to fund genocide or other questionable objectives. Even with a system known as the Kimberly process which tracks diamonds to prevent trade of these illicit gems, infractions continue as the process is seriously flawed. The continuation of the blood diamond trade is inhuman, and unethical, and in order to cease this illicit trade further action to redefine a conflict diamond, as well as reform to the diamond certification prosess is nessasary.
In 1785, the court jewelers, Bohmer and Basange, constructed a necklace with five hundred and forty diamonds of varying sizes in an ugly arrangement that resembled the collars worn by circus animals. They hoped that King Louis XV would purchase it for his favorite, Madame du Barry. Unfortunately, the king died before the necklace was completed. So, naturally the jewelers tried to sell the piece to the newly crowned Queen, Marie Antoinette, because she was known for her extravagant spending and taste. They priced the jewelry at and equivalent of two million dollars in modern money. The Queen declined the offer. She did not like the necklace and the price was even too high for her. Knowing that they would be ruined if the Queen didn’t buy their product the jewelers continued to plead with her for ten years. Each time she turned them down. Then, one day the Queen received a note signed by Bassange which said, “We have real satisfaction in thinking that the most beautiful set of diamonds in existence will belong to the greatest and best of Queens.” Puzzled by the message, the Queen, put the note to flame by a candle sitting on a nearby table (Komroff 85).
iii. India dominates the world’s cut and polished diamonds (CPD) market. In value terms, the country accounts for approximately 55 percent of global polished diamond market and nearly 9 percent of the jewellery market. According to GJEPC's provisional estimate, cut and polished diamonds registered 19.06 percent growth in exports at US$ 7.11 mn.
The jewellary sector in India is highly-fragmented and unorganized. Mostly it is dominated by family-owned operations. The family-owned businesses cover around 96% of the gems and jewellery industry. But, now more organized players have been entering the industry . The following categories of products are provided by this sector which can be further segmented into diamonds, coloured stones (precious, semi-precious and synthetic), studded jewellery, costume jewellery, gold and silver.
[5] Diamond Industry Annual Review, De Beers Signs New Angolan Agreement, [internet] Accessed on: 13th November 2005, http://www.pacweb.org/e/images/stories/documents/addendum%20angola%202005-english.pdf
The value of diamonds lies on their physical properties that make them suitable for many applications. Natural diamonds are only of high value if they are scarce in nature. Realizing this, De Beers Consolidated Mines was formed to control the supply of diamonds from mines across the world. The diamond market is influenced by mine production, rough diamond distribution, preparation/cutting, and retail markets. The project will be concentrating on the retail markets for diamonds and other high end jewelry.
The film marker is trying to raise awareness of the illicit conflict diamond trade and reinforcing the Kimberley process1 and showing how it will stem the flow of conflict diamonds. This is successful mainly due to the public outburst after the movie. The great impact of the movie has caused diamond companies like De Beers2 to start a pre-emptive PR (public relationship) campaign, even before the movie was released to inform people that their diamonds are conflict-free.
The third determinant of the diamond – related and supporting industries looks at the industry suppliers and...