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influence of catalase activity
influence of catalase activity
influence of catalase activity
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ABSTRACT Catalase is an enzyme found in both plant and animal tissue. It catalyses the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. The main aim of the investigation was to find out if temperature has a long term effect on the rate of catalase activity in plant tissue. Plant tissue was left at room temperature, boiled or frozen and then grinded to a paste. It was then centrifuged and supernatant was tested with hydrogen peroxide solution. The calculation r=1/t was used to determine the rate. The results of the three experiments suggest that low temperatures do not have a long term effect on catalase activity while high temperatures do. When frozen, the tissue gives results similar to that given when tissue is kept at room temperature. …show more content…
Catalase is an enzyme found in all aerobic cells. It is a composed of four polypeptide chains, each 500+ amino acids long. Catalase was first discovered in 1818 when Louis Jacques Thénard, who also discovered hydrogen peroxide, noticed its breakdown was caused by an unknown substance. Oscar Loew gave it the name catalase in 1900, and found it in many living organisms. In 1981, the three-dimensional structure of catalase was …show more content…
It was found in many previous studies that high temperature greatly reduces the activity of catalase in plant tissue (Eyster, H. Clyde, 1950). In this experiment, the tissue was boiled at 100°C, almost double the critical temperature which has been found to be 55°C. There was much opportunity for human error in this experiment, for example it was hard to stop the timer at exact moment that the disk floated to surface of hydrogen peroxide solution, so time taken may not show true representation of how long the disk actually took to reach surface and so results from rate calculations may be slightly inaccurate and not entirely reliable. The three repeats of each experiment was found to be inadequate as it did not give a large enough range of results, in future experiments a larger variety of tissues should be used, a wider range of temperatures, aand at least five repeats should be carried out in order to obtain wider, more interesting and reliable results on catalase activity in plant tissue. The use of tissue kept at room temperature for the entire experiment was successful as it provided a clear comparison with the tissue that had been boiled or frozen. During the investigation, the same pieces of equipment ie the centrifuge and scale were used for every measurement to ensure that there was no variation in results due to technical
Enzymes are biology catalysts which speed up the rate of a reaction (BBC News). Catalase is an enzyme which is found in one’s body and can destroy any harmful substances. Without catalase, many toxic materials could attack and mutate DNA. Catalase is located in the hepatic and when mixed with hydrogen peroxide, it breaks it down into oxygen and water. When the reaction happens it follows this equation: 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2 ("Catalase.").
The purpose of this study is to analyze the activity of the enzyme, catalase, through our understanding
Catalase is a common enzyme that is produced in all living organisms. All living organisms are made up of cells and within the cells, enzymes function to increase the rate of chemical reactions. Enzymes function to create the same reactions using a lower amount of energy. The reactions of catalase play an important role to life, for example, it breaks down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. Our group developed an experiment to test the rate of reaction of catalase in whole carrots and pinto beans with various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Almost all enzymes are proteins and proteins are made up of amino acids. The areas within an enzyme speed up the chemical reactions which are known as the active sites, and are also where the
In this experiment the enzyme peroxidase and the substrate hydrogen peroxide were not mixed initially, instead they were both placed in separate tubes and were incubated at a specific temperature, to prevent hydrogen peroxide from undergoing any reaction with peroxidase until they both acquire the required temperature.
Catecholase is an enzyme formed by catechol and oxygen used to interlock oxygen at relative settings, and it is present in plants and crustaceans (Sanyal et. al, 2014). For example, in most fruits and vegetables, the bruised or exposed area of the pant becomes brown due to the reaction of catechol becoming oxidized and oxygen becoming reduced by gaining hydrogen to form water, which then creates a chain that is is the structural backbone of dark melanoid pigments (Helms et al., 1998). However, not all fruits and plants darken at the same rate. This leads to question the enzymatic strength of catecholase and how nearby surroundings affect its activity. The catecholase enzyme has an optimal temperature of approximately 40°C (Helms et al., 1998). Anything above that level would denature the tertiary or primary structure of the protein and cause it to be inoperable. At low temperatures, enzymes have a slower catalyzing rate. Enzymes also function under optimal pH level or else they will also denature, so an average quantity of ions, not too high or low, present within a solution could determine the efficiency of an enzyme (Helms et al., 1998). Also, if more enzymes were added to the concentration, the solution would have a more active sites available for substrates and allow the reaction rate to increase if excess substrate is present (Helms et al., 1998). However, if more
Abstract: Enzymes are catalysts therefore we can state that they work to start a reaction or speed it up. The chemical transformed due to the enzyme (catalase) is known as the substrate. In this lab the chemical used was hydrogen peroxide because it can be broken down by catalase. The substrate in this lab would be hydrogen peroxide and the enzymes used will be catalase which is found in both potatoes and liver. This substrate will fill the active sites on the enzyme and the reaction will vary based on the concentration of both and the different factors in the experiment. Students placed either liver or potatoes in test tubes with the substrate and observed them at different temperatures as well as with different concentrations of the substrate. Upon reviewing observations, it can be concluded that liver contains the greater amount of catalase as its rates of reaction were greater than that of the potato.
Catalase are an enzyme that catalyses the reduction of hydrogen peroxide into H2O and O2. Catalase are a common enzyme that can be found in almost all living organisms such as potatoes. It is specifically found in the cells that are exposed to oxygen and can be in a plant or animal cell. [1]
This lab supported our hypothesis because the rate at which the paper discs rises tells us that enzyme concentration does have an effect on the timing of a chemical reaction. The six unifying principles prove that organisms have enzymes that speed up chemical reactions. At one point in time a certain common ancestor population didn’t have enzymes and some did. Thus it allowed for the advantaged to survive better and reproduce more. The offspring develop with the enzymes which their descendants will also have. The enzymes regulate by speeding up the chemical reaction so that the hydrogen peroxide won’t kill the cell(s). The hydrogen peroxide will enter the active site of the catalase and it will break apart into water and oxygen, which are
The Effect of Surface Area on the Rate of Reaction Between Catalase from a Potato and Hydrogen Peroxide
Enzyme peroxidase is essential in any cell metabolic reaction as it breaks down the harmful hydrogen peroxide to harmful products in the body. The report analyzed its effect on changes in temperatures by determining the optimum temperatures and the effects of its reversibility. Through the method of extracting the enzyme by blending it with potato tissue in phosphate buffer, the effects were analyzed on the effect of the dye guaiacol and the activity measured under different temperatures. The optimum temperature was obtained at 22.20C and above this temperature, the enzyme was denatured. Conclusively, increase in temperature increases
Fluctuations in temperature can alter critical metabolic processes of biosynthesis and cellular maintenance, and prolonged exposure to high temperatures is lethal to most plant species. Temperatures between 30-40ºC are considered moderately high, and temperatures above 40ºC are considered extremely high. In most plant species, growing tissue is damaged with brief exposure to temperatures above temperatures above 45ºC. (Munns, n.d.)
In this lab, it was determined how the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is affected by physical factors such as enzyme concentration, temperature, and substrate concentration affect. The question of what factors influence enzyme activity can be answered by the results of peroxidase activity and its relation to temperature and whether or not hydroxylamine causes a reaction change with enzyme activity. An enzyme is a protein produced by a living organism that serves as a biological catalyst. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction and does so by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. With that energy reactants are brought together so that products can be formed.
In some aspects, plants and people are not much different from one another. Although plants make sugar out of energy from the sun, when plants need energy they have to metabolize their stored goods (sugar) through a process called Cellular Respiration. Cellular respiration is a “metabolic reaction and process that takes place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy. Cells respond to changing metabolic needs by controlling reaction rates” (Biology Corner, n.d. p.1). The reactions involved in cellular respiration are catabolic pathways, their job is to break-down larger molecules into smaller ones, in return releasing energy. Respiration is one key way for a cell to gain and use useful energy for cellular activity. There were two parts to this experiment. The ...
How the Concentration of the Substrate Affects the Reaction in the Catalase Inside Potato Cells
Enzymes are necessary for life to exist the way it does. Enzymes help our bodies carry out chemical reactions at the correct speed. Catalase is one such enzyme, “Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as bacteria, plants, and animals). It catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen”.\(Wikipedia). In other words catalase speeds up the breaking down of hydrogen peroxide, which is a byproduct of reactions in our body. Hydrogen peroxide is very common in our body but, “If it were allowed to build up it would kill us”(Matthey).This shows how necessary enzymes such as catalase to life. Without enzymes reactions that take place in our body could be affected greatly. In our