INTRODUCTION:
The term “breast cancer” refers to a malignant tumor that has developed from cells in the breast. Usually breast cancer either begins in the cells of the lobules, which are the milk-producing glands, or the ducts, the passages that drain milk from the lobules to the nipple. Less commonly, breast cancer can begin in the stromal tissues, which include the fatty and fibrous connective tissues of the breast.
In India, 144,937 women were newly detected with breast cancer and 70,218 women died of breast cancer in 2012. For every 2 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer, one lady is dying of it. Incidence of breast cancer has also increased from 25.9% in the year of 2008 to 27% in 2012.In the year 2012, there were about 2, 32,000 breast cancer cases reported in the US, whereas in India, 1,45,000 new cases were diagnosed. This implies that, though, because of India's population, the percentage of total women affected seems less, the breast cancer burden in India has almost reached about 2/3rds of that of the US and is steadily rising. For the years 2015, there will be an estimated 1, 55,000 new cases of breast cancer and about 76000 women in India are expected to die of the disease.
Best “treatment” of cancer is preventing its occurrence in the first place or detecting it early when it may be most treatable. Mammogram screening is the best way of testing breast cancer in persons who do not have any symptoms of a cancer but are at high risk for breast cancer [23]. A mammogram helps to reveal irregularities and help to detect breast cancer early before they can be felt when it is most treatable.
Nowadays Digital mammography takes an electronic image of the breast and stores it directly in a computer. Digital mammography us...
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...sue. A_1765_1.RIGHT_MLO has oval shape mass with obscured margin and found as benign in pathology report. Malignant masses are ill-defined due to the presence of infiltrating cancer spread. In architectural distortion outline of the tissue is distorted. It could be lobular invasive carcinoma or benign disease (C_0020_1.RIGHT_CC) due to radial scar following surgery or biopsy.
CONCLUSION:
The proposed multimodel segmentation was tested with almost all combination of mass shapes and margins in CC and MLO views and the segmented abnormal region was verified with ground truth table images in which abnormality marked by radiologist in the DDSM database. Further feature extraction methods and classifier has to be developed for fully automated diagnosis CAD system. Further study has to be carried out to test the algorithm for the segmentation of micro calcifications.
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Show MoreIn life we come across many struggles and hardships. Some have more struggles then others but we all have them. Breast cancer could be one of those struggles whether male or female. Breast cancer is not just something that a woman can get like most people believe. Anyone can get it. In this essay you will about what breast cancer is, some symptoms, how it is treated, and my personal experience with it. Most people do not know what breast cancer is they just know that it is cancer in the breast.
I think that is important to know how to treat with the breast cancer disease if we do not treat these disease on time it can guide us to death. It is important to have a healthy life like getting excersice, eating healthier, not smoking etc . Also, it is important to get mammographies, skin examinations and other diagnostics that can helps us to prevent breast cancer. For now , there is no cure for the all the types of breast cancer, so it is important to be informed of new treatments on our cities. We can not let cancer to beat us. We need to be strong to fight against all these types of disease that want to end with our lives.
Breast Cancer is defined as “a group of solid tumor malignancies arising in the tissues of the breast” (Sarah Crawford, Richard Alder, 2013) in human and other mammals. It can happen to both men and women. For women, breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death. According to National Cancer Institute, in the United States, the 2014 estimated new cases and deaths of female from breast cancer are 232,670 and 40,000, respectively. For male, it’s 430 deaths out of 2,360 new cases. From these numbers, we can see that women in the U.S. are greatly affected by breast cancer, thus, it’s not difficult to imagine the impact on a worldwide level. Although these numbers look frightening, people can actually survive from breast cancer if it is detected early and treated properly, so it is extremely important for all of us, especially women, to have a better understanding of breast cancer.
The risks of getting cancer in this day and age has been increasing at a rate that could be detrimental to the human race if we do not act now. It is scary to think that you or someone you love and care about will get some type of cancer in their life time. Although there are many different types of cancer that is in existence today, the main focus is breast cancer. We are going to explore the causes breast cancer, the stages, how we can treat it and what precautions that can be taken to help lower ones risk of getting breast cancer. In America a baby girl born today has a 1 in 8 chance of getting breast cancer sometime in her life. These statistics do not seem so scary until they are put into perspective. Every three minute a woman is diagnosed with breast cancer and one will die every 13 minutes in a given day. If these rates of breast cancer continue to rise there will soon be a one in one baby girl born that will et diagnosed with breast cancer. This is the future of our world that we are talking about here and no one seems to be changing the main factors that contribute to breast cancer. There are many different suspicious causes but one thing that is clear is that an unhealthy environment has an enormous impact on women and their development from babies to women.
Over the past decade breast cancer has become one of the most predominant diseases in the United States. Breast cancer starts out as a malignant tumor in the tissues of the breast which is formed from the uncontrolled growth of abnormal breast cells. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, but it can also appear in men. (Stephan, 2010)
Breast cancer is a disease that is frightening and can be harmful to many people, however as more time passes more is known. The thirty percent decrease in death due to breast cancer is tremendous and it is just a start. By understanding the prevention, treatment, symptoms breast cancer is a disease that can be beat.
One battle that is not easy to fight, but winning the battle is worth it all is breast cancer. The reason I chose to write about breast cancer is because my aunt who means a lot to me was diagnosed with it a few years ago. Many people hear and discuss about breast, but they do not what it means and why it is important. When a tumor that is malignant is found in the cells in the breast and its spreads through the surrounding tissues in the breast is known as breast cancer. Most women are not usually alert if they have the disease because they do not know how to check for lumps in their breasts. Some do not even know the common symptoms for breast cancer. Most women do not know that can check for lumps in their breast by themselves by doing a self-examination. In the self-examination, the woman can wait until they are in the shower or while they are lying down. They can take three fingers and move it in a circular motion, gently around the breast and feel for lumps and knots. Women can squeeze each nipple lightly to make sure there is no discharge coming out during the self-examination. However, majority of women do have lumps in their breast, but it is normal.
...nbsp; Genetic mutation testing has become another easy way for women to detect breast cancer early. A woman will never truly know if she will definitely develop breast cancer. Test such as genetic mutation testing will definitely help in early detection and prevention against spreading.
“The American Cancer Society estimates that, in 2010, about 207,000 women developed invasive breast cancer; 54,010 developed non-invasive breast cancer…And yet 90% of the women who are diagnosed with breast cancer this year will probably be cured following initial treatment (Bluming 133)”. “Mammography techniques are improving too, Newer scans in development, such as molecular breast imaging and tomosynthesis (which creates a three-dimensional image of the breast) may soon improve the accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis and reduce the risk of false positive results (“Do you…”)”. So ask yourself, what would it hurt to get mammograms? They could potentially be a life saver.
Early detection is the key to life after Breast Cancer. Effects that help to early detection goes as the fallowing; Yearly mammograms, Clinical Examinations, and checking yourself monthly. “Mammograms are a specific type of imaging that uses a low-dose x-ray system a...
Breast cancer is the top cancer in women both in the developed and the developing countries [133] and it is one of the major reasons for the increase in mortality among middle aged women especially in developed countries [58]. If it is detected and diagnosed in early stages of development, it will increase the possibility of successful treatment and chances for complete recovery of the patient. Mammography screening programs have reduced mortality rates by 30-70% [111]. In mammography images, ...
Why is this important? Mammograms don’t prevent breast cancer, but they can save lives by finding breast cancer as early as possible (breastcancer.org). It is important to assure the conditions that the person can remain healthy. Screenings for breast cancer helps find cancer early. When it is shown early, it is often treatable. More people will live longer than expected. For instance, mammograms have been shown to reduce the risk of dying from breast cancer by 35% in women over the age of 50. In women between the ages of 40 and 50, the risk reduction appears to be slightly less. (breastcancer.org). Mammograms is an X-ray picture of the breast. It is important to get mammograms once every year. The earlier, the better a person can get rid of the cancerous cells in their body (Levana, 2014).
Mammography is a very accurate screening tool for women at both average and increased risk; however, like any medical test, it is not perfect. Although the majority of women with an abnormal mammogram do not have cancer, all suspicious lesions that cannot be resolved with additional imaging should be biopsied for a definitive diagnosis. Breast cancer screening for women at average risk includes clinical breast exam and mammography. This screening tool can often detect breast cancer at an early stage, when treatment is more effective and a cure is more likely (cancersupporttexas.org, 2015). Statistics from the Centers for Disease Control shows that lack of mammography screening is the main cause of
A breast biopsy is a procedure in which a sample of suspicious breast tissue is removed from your breast. In a stereotactic breast biopsy, an X-ray of the breast (mammogram) is used during the procedure to locate the area of the breast where the tissue sample will be taken from. After the procedure, the tissue that is removed from the breast is examined under a microscope to see if cancerous cells are present. You may need a stereotactic breast biopsy if you have:
More specifically, diagnostic mammography. Mammography is the radiography of the breast (Adler & Carlton, 2012, p. 3). Screening mammography is great to pursue, but what is the fun in that. Why not go a step further and do imaging where the pictures are stored on a computer. Usually only women of a certain age group know and understand the process and the importance of getting a mammogram. This is because like a regular check-up, it is urged to be done. These constant screenings should be necessary to those over the age of forty (Adler & Carlton, 2012, p. 8). Getting a mammogram at an early age helps in discovering an early detection of breast cancer in women as well as men. Diagnostic mammography does have benefits for those who need