Essay On Blood Coagulation
explanatory Essay
2315 words
Does Hypothermia Affect Blood Coagulation Enzyme Activity?
Blood coagulation:
Blood coagulation is a cascade of events that help heal a cut or damaged tissue; it is part of a host defense mechanism termed hemostasis [1] When a vessel, or damaged tissue is affected, macromolecules called platelets are introduced (Sticky molecules that assist to clot a cut to allow blood to once again pass) – With fibrin and plasma to help heal. Of course, there needs to be no abnormalities, such as temperature. A type of stroke bleeding is termed hemorrhage, caused by trauma. When blood from trauma irritates brain tissues, it causes swelling [2] In order for a blood clot to occur it requires enzymes to activate other enzymes: TF (Tissue Factor) Serine proteases (Enzymes) such as FVII and FV glycoproteins.
We can then observe whether temperature can affect the coagulation of cascade.
[23]
There are the three pathways in which coagulation occurs: Intrinsic, Extrinsic and Common. The intrinsic pathway is once a substance within the vessel wall (collagen that ordinarily hidden from the blood however exposed if the vessel is damaged) meets a unique chemical within the blood (Factor XII) a series of chemical changes occur that end in the formation of protein and a blood clot. The foreign pathway is ready in motion once blood leaves a broken vessel and enters the tissues around it. Then a chemical within the blood (Factor VII) comes into contact with a chemical within the tissues (Tissue Factor). Once these 2 rest a series of chemical changes occur that results in the formation of protein and a blood clot.
Hypothermia:
Hypothermia, a doubtless fatal condition, happens once blood heat falls below 95°F (35°C). Although physiological condition is a ...
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...hermore, some studies suggest that even though the hypothermia period was relatively short, haemostatic mechanism was impaired. Data indicate an increased thrombotic and fibrinolysis tendency. Major trauma and abdominal surgery are related to hypothermia, usually of duration longer than 60 minutes [22] Overall, this case study shows the enzyme activity and how serious it is; using one country as an example that can also be related to others, around 140 Canadians and 800 Americans die each year as a result of hypothermia [26] The whole idea of blood unable to clot as fast as it can will lead to trauma and strokes and brain injuries and is much more lethal than what it seems. Overall, the enzyme activity may not be dramatically decreased but it is enough to kill a human and it is now proven that the enzyme activity is affected by hypothermia and this is a big deal.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that blood coagulation is a cascade of events that help heal cut or damaged tissue.
- Explains the three pathways in which coagulation occurs: intrinsic, extrinsic and common.
- Explains that hypothermia is a fatal condition that occurs when blood heat falls below 95°f. the victims are typically homeless male alcoholics.
- Explains that hypothermia is divided into two types: primary and secondary. primary physiological condition involves exposure to cold air or immersion in cold water.
- Explains the signs and symptoms of physiological condition, which vary from person to person depending on age, health, and alternative factors.
- Explains that hypothermia affects the clotting factor activity. six healthy volunteers collected blood using a thromboelastograph.
- Explains that unknown bleeding could occur during surgery or liver transplantation.
- Explains that many people with hypothermia suffer from trauma which decreases fibrin concentration, which thrombin breaks down to make. some patients are placed in normothermic conditions and this changes the rate of enzyme activity.
- Explains that therapeutic hypothermia is a medical treatment that can lower the patient's body temperature to reduce the risk of injury (ischemic).
- Opines that hemicraniectomy is allowed to be used with someone with hypothermia, and that it can help and normalize coagulation function during the procedure.
- Explains that hypothermia affects blood coagulation, but there are no studies using whole blood analysis that have evaluated the effects of it.
- Explains that the thromboelasto graph has a sensor that blood is placed in usually 0.36ml. the speed and strength of clot formation is measured in various ways.
- Explains that prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time determinations were only minimally shortened at hyper thermic temperatures. the enzymatic reactions of the coagulation cascade are strongly inhibited by hypothermia.
- Explains that mild hyperthermia has the highest plasma concentration, while moderate has dramatically fallen, lowering the body temperature. this indicates a lack of enzymes being activated by its complementary need.
Related
- explanatory
- Homeostasis Essayexplanatory essayThe highest mortality rate in trauma patients with massive haemorrhage initially develops with hypothermia, coagulopathy and acidosis. Coagulopathy, which can be defined as the disorder whereby the body experiences the inability of the blood to coagulate, together with hypothermia and acidosis, form the three main components of “the trauma triad of death”(Anthony et al, 2005) and in lieu of this fact, it is important to ascertain the role of temperature on maintaining homeostasis. With this in mind, an experiment to investigate how the temperature of clotting chemicals affect blood coagulation in the circulatory system, specifically in the cases of hyperthermia and hypothermia, and the effects on homeostasis within the body, will be performed.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the highest mortality rate in trauma patients with massive haemorrhage develops with hypothermia, coagulopathy and acidosis.
- Explains that human homeostasis refers to the body's ability to physiologically regulate its inner environment to ensure stability in response to fluctuations in the outside environment and the weather.
- Describes the main function of the blood circulatory system to maintain homeostasis.
- Explains that hypothermia impairs platelet aggregation and causes coagulopathy in factor-deficient plasma at 35c, without dilution.
- Explains that dirkmann et al evaluated whole blood coagulation to determine the effects of hypothermia and/or acidosis.
- Explains that rohrer et al investigated the effects of hypothermia on the coagulation cascade. prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times were performed 15 times on samples of pooled normal plasma at temperatures of 37 c, 31,
- Explains that wolberg et al (2004) explored the view that hypothermia reduced platelet and enzyme activity which contributed to coagulopathy.
- Explains that ramaker et al (2009) looked at the effects of acidosis, alkalosis and hyperthermia on haemostas
- Explains that reed et al (1992) in their article hypothermia and blood coagulation: dissociation between enzyme activity and clotting levels worked on the assumption that because of the enzymatic nature of activated
- Explains that the experiment will investigate how the temperature of clotting chemicals affect blood coagulation in the circulatory system.
- Concludes that hypothermia impairs coagulation and is a major component of the "trauma triad of death" as described by anthony et al (2005).
1601 wordsRead More - It is generally known that the brain does not respond well to that of hypoxic events, most all situations the golden 5-7 minutes ‘point of no return rule’ still is acknowledged, but a large part of the problem is that fact that brain damage will continue to occur for several hours following resuscitation, just because the heart begins beating again does not mean that ischemia has stopped. One study shows that while 17 -25% of cardiac arrest patients survived to hospital admission, only 4-9% (Bernard) left the hospital neurologically intact. Some research has shown, however, that therapeutic hypothermia can help increase the odds of these patients regaining 100% of neurological function by the time that they leave the hospital...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that therapeutic hypothermia has reemerged as a state-of-the-art lifesaving tool in the fight of hypoxic brain injury.
- Explains that the brain doesn't respond well to hypoxic events, but a large part of the problem is that brain damage will continue for several hours after resuscitation.
- Explains that the medical use of hypothermia began with the egyptians. romans and greeks recognized that it could slow down bleeding.
- Explains that the use of hypothermic therapy was on the upswing in the late 90s and early 00s, but the real value is being questioned to whether or not it restores brain function as it has claimed.
- Explains that animal studies showed a large benefit from the use of hypothermia in dogs who had suffered brain trauma and ischemic injuries. human trials were abandoned due to serious complaints and difficulties proving the efficacy in human patients.
- Explains that in the past 10 years, the use of hypothermia has sparked the curiosity of physicians.
- Explains that focused cranial cooling is a form of hypothermic therapy that can be used to rid the negative effects of cooling to the heart muscle.
- Opines that systemic cooling is the best method for implementing hypothermia, but the biggest concern is that of the negative impact that it has on the cardiovascular system. infusing ice-cold saline at 30ml/kg can reduce core temperature without any adverse effects.
- Explains that systemic hypothermic therapy would be the most practical, useful, and cost effective to begin using regularly.
- Explains that induced hypothermia prevents further ischemia and brain death, but the risks are minor and generally acceptable.
- Opines that the ems role in therapeutic hypothermia is of great importance, since they are the first ones on scene with the patient.
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In this essay, the author
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In this essay, the author
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- Explains that there are three main types of strokes: ischemic, hemorrhagic, and transient.
- Explains that there are many causes of strokes and risk factors that can increase likelihood of a stroke, such as atherosclerosis, plaque buildup, and carotid artery disease.
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In this essay, the author
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In this essay, the author
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- Explains that the intrinsic pathway is activated when factor xii binds to the damaged endothelial surface and becomes active.
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987 wordsRead More