Essay On Biomaterials

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Biomaterial

Definition
Any type of matter, surface, or construct that interacts with biological system whether it can be natural as well as made by man, that comprises whole or part of a living structure or a biomedical expedient which can performs, improves, or Replace a function that has been lost through disease or injury.

Substance or preparation intended to be implanted in a living to replace an organ or body tissue. (Prostheses, simpler [dental] to more complicated [artificial trachea], are made with biomaterials.)
Any substance (except drug) or combination of substances, artificial or natural in origin, which can be used for any time period, as a entire or as a portion of a structure which treats, supplements, or replaces any tissue of body, body parts, or function of the body (NIH)

Biomaterials are those materials which create parts of medicinal transplants, extracorporeal devices, and disposable that have been utilized in medicine, surgery, dentistry, and veterinary medicine as well as in every aspect of patient health care.

History
A first generation of biomaterials included until the mid-twentieth century, metals and alloys corrosion-resistant used in dental and orthopedic surgery later. Fabrics or knitted polyester were used after 1950 as vascular prosthesis materials. All these materials share the same characteristic of not having been produced specifically for biomedical applications. This is the secondary properties of corrosion resistance, the mechanical stresses and wear, and their relative inertness with respect to living tissues, have been exploited.

Implanting an artificial larynx is very complex. No biomaterial was previously adapted to this body. The engineer André Walder, with a surgical team at the ...

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... valve, or St. Jude valve. This mechanics involve two semicircular discs moving forth and back, which allow the flow of blood and the ability to form a seal against the backflow. The valve is covered with pyrolytic carbon, and protected to the adjacent tissue with a lattice of woven fabric called DacronTM. The network permits for the body's tissue to produce while joining the valve.
Skin repair
"Artificial" tissue is grown-up from the patient's personal cells. However, when the harm is so dangerous that it is unbearable to use the patient's own cells, artificial tissue cells are grown. The trouble is in discovery a scaffold that the cells can grow and organize on. The features of the support must be that it is biocompatible; cells can adhere to the support, mechanically durable and recyclable. One successful support is a copolymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid.

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