Most people have heard of antimatter before but don’t know what it is or means. Antimatter is used in particle physics and consists of antiparticles. These antiparticles have the same mass as regular particles but they have an opposite charge from other particles as well as other differences in particle properties. Antimatter can be created in particle accelerators and also can be produced naturally. It is created naturally when radioactive isotopes decay. When antimatter is created it could potentially be used for medical purposes, fuel, and weapons.
My understanding of antimatter is that it is a match to the particle of regular matter except for it has positively charged electrons and negatively charged protons unlike regular matter. These are called antielectron, or also known as the positron. There are also antiprotons. A proton is the combination of quarks. A quark is a subatomic particle that has a fraction of an electric charge, they are building blocks. A proton has two up quarks and one down quark. An up quark has an electric charge of +2/3, and the down quark has an electric charge of -1/3. This means the proton has a charge of +1 (2/3 + 2/3 - 1/3). An antiproton is the combination of 2 antiup quarks, each having an electric charge of -2/3, and 1 antidown quark having a +1/3 charge. This combination would give the antiproton a charge of -1 (- 2/3 - 2/3 + 1/3) exactly the opposite of the proton. Since there are antielectrons, and antiprotons then of course there are antineutrons. A neutron is made up of 2 down quarks and 1 up quark, which is why it doesn’t have an electric charge (- 1/3 - 1/3 + 2/3 = 0). An antineutron would then have 2 antidown quarks and 1 antiup quark, again, having no net electric charge (+ 1/3 + 1/...
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...ng the spray of particles from the collision, so only 10% to 30% of antiprotons created can be captured. Of these antiprotons that are created only about only 1% can be collected into a steady antiproton beam which can then be cooled enough to start thinking about storing the antiprotons. This makes the mass production of antimatter very unrealistic. So until better technology is made to create antimatter more efficiently most uses of it is not possible. Despite the problem of making antimatter it is still used today. One example is when it is used for high energy physics experiments. It is also used in the medical field. Antielectrons are used in PET, positron emission tomography, scanners; and antiprotons are also used similarly in APR, antiproton radiography, devices. Antimatter might also be used one day to remove tumors or for other similar medical procedures.
Every human has a natural tendency to organize. The periodic table is a perfect example of how organization betters the scientific world. Much like a poem, it tells a significant amount of information in a condescended fashion. With this map of the basic elements of the universe, we can find out how many electrons the element has and how much it weighs. Each element has its own separate set of such data; no two elements are the same.
Although the atomic theory was developed in increments, George Johnston Stoney is most famous for contributing the term electron: fundamental unit quantity of electricity. Stoney would develop the concept fourteen years before he coined the term electron. He also made contributions to the theory of gasses, cosmic physics, and estimated the number of molecules in a cubic millimeter of gas.
Similar examples can be found in physics. Prior to the Michelson-Morley Experiment of 1887, which showed the constant speed of light, the experiments of FitzGerald and Lorentz, which explained the constant speed of light as the contraction of bodies and slowing of clocks, and the subsequent conclusion by Einstein that electromagnetic waves do not require a medium, scientists felt that light required a medium, and thus one was invented-ether (Hawking). These experiments demonstrate yet another aspect of a personal point of view in the pursuit of knowledge; the fact that despite the assumptions a personal point of view brings into a study, such as FitzGerald’s and Lorentz’s assumption that ether did, in fact, exist, knowledge can still be gained from such a study. Despite their assumption, they contributed, through their experiments, the knowledge that light does travel at a set speed. Thus, even when associated with false assumptions brought into an experiment, personal points of view are not always negative.
The play, Antigonick, gives an ancient Greek tragedy a twist of modernity. This modernity throughout the play allows the audience to get a sense of the most pressing issue that Antigonick attempts to bring up in the mind of the audience. To me, the play of Antigonick addresses the modern day issues surrounding the political sphere in the United States. The political overtones throughout the play directly symbolize the struggle between President Trump and women. Antigone, the ill-fated heroine throughout the play, represents women’s struggle in the political sphere. Currently, women are fighting for equal rights, such as equal pay and right to birth control. This directly relates to Antigone’s fight for what she believes is right, which is to
Quarks were first proposed in 1964. It was named quark by Caltech theorist Murray Gell-Mann. He named them that from a quotation in a novel “Three quarks for Muster Mark, Sure he hasn’t got much of a bark …”2 Gell-Mann said all mesons, baryons, and hadrons are made of quarks. He also said they are made of three types of quarks (up, down, and strange). That makes a total of nine types of quarks. George Zweig called them aces. Not many people believed in it at this time. From 1968 to 1973 MIT bombarded protons and neutrons with electrons. Electrons ricocheted off protons and neutrons as if it hit a hard, tiny object. The hard object was a quark. Over the years experiments and researches have led to a lot of indirect evidence that quarks exist.
Radiation has always been in everyday life even before Roentgen discovered x-ray. The mountains give off natural radiation, other forms of radiation are coal burning power plants, x-rays from a TV, and an airplane ride. The average dose from background radiation is about 360 mrem every year. There are two types of radiation, nonionizing and ionizing radiation. Examples of nonionizing radiation are microwaves and radio waves broadcasting. Ionizing radiation refers to gamma and x-rays. Ionizing radiation means that the rays are able to remove an electron from the atom then ions can be formed. The ions can cause damage when reacting with other atoms. Cells are able to be repaired if low dose are received. However, if cells get a high dose, the cells will be damaged or possibly die. If the cell is damaged permanently then it is referred to as a mutated cell.
“By 2050, one-third of the world’s energy will need to come from solar, wind, and other renewable resources” (www.altenergy.org). America can no longer rely so heavily on nuclear energy. America needs to harness the energy found within natural, renewable resources. In fact, nuclear energy needs to be phased out completely because of its negative impact on health, the environment, and its overall cost.
CERN- Quote: “The world’s largest scientific research facility- Switzerland’s Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire (CERN)- recently succeeded in producing the first particles of antimatter.” [Brown FACT].
The Ultimate Nature of Matter. The theory of quantum mechanics has divided the atom into a number of fundamental sub-atomic particles. Although the physicist has shown that the atom is not a solid indivisible object, he has not been able to find a particle which does possess those qualities. Talk of particles, though, is misleading because the word suggests a material object.
What Antisocial Personality Disorder is by definition is: a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights, feelings, and safety of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood. (Introducing Psychology. Fourth Edition. Schacter, Gilbert, Nock, Wegner.)
Antimatter is exactly what the name suggests. It is the opposite of matter in which the charges associated with electrons and protons are switched. This means a proton and antiproton are attracted to each other. When they collide pane energy is produced in the form of three pions and four gamma rays.
The Periodic Table is based around the Atomic Theory. Firstly people believed that everything was made up the four elements Earth, Fire, Wind, and Water. This theory evolved into everything being made up of atoms. Breakthroughs throughout history such as the discoveries of the nucleus, protons, neutrons and electrons have pushed this theory forward to where it is today.
Many sociologists come to a disagreement and different approaches to the Sociological concept of positivism and antipositivism. Positivism is the scientific study of social patterns. This pertains to the use of scientific methods to get a more clear understanding of the natural world. Auguste Comte was the founder of this concept. Comte believed the way that society interacts with individuals using positivism would usher in a new “positivist” age of history. Comte concept of positivism is still relevant today. Since then positivism has been expanded and became the foundation for quantitative sociology. Quantitative sociology is the use of empirical evidence to gain an understanding of human patterns and behavior.
One of the greatest events of twentieth century was the use of radioisotope as a source of energy and as medical and industrial tools. Using radioactivity has been a global issue owing to its very nature. When it is used for peaceful purposes, it is a triumph of science because it can solve energy problems in the form of nuclear energy but the side effects in the form of harmful radiation and harmful radioactive waste is the real limitations of science. This essay will attempt to analyze the application of science in the use of radioactivity and radioactive isotopes and how science is not so effective in dealing with the side effects.