Administrative research can be understood as research that is conducted in order to gain information for assessment, management or improvement purposes such as surveys to ascertain customer needs. It is primarily used for market, electoral or management research and is tied to existing power structures (Smythe, 2006). According to Lazarsfeld, 1941, it is carried through in the service of some kind of administrative agency either of private or public character (Lazarsfeld, 1941:7). Administrative research is subject to a number of objections one of which is directed against the aims which prevail in the majority of current studies. According to Lazarsfeld, administrative research only solves minor problems, often of a business character, when the same method could be used alternatively to improve the quality of life for the community only if they were applied to prospect projects related to addressing the economic and social issues in which society is faced with(Lazarsfeld, 1941:7).
In his writings, Lazarsfeld, (1941) notes that the notion of critical research can be differentiated from administrative research in two respects, first, it develops a theory of the prevailing social trends of current times, general trends which yet require consideration in any concrete research problem, second, it implies ideas of basic human values according to which all actual or desired effects should be appraised (Lazarsfeld, 1941: 8). Administrative methods comprise neo-positivist, behavioral theory applied to individuals. Administrative research focuses on how to make organizations more efficient—for example, Company X aims to make brands relevant and cool for their target market which includes kids, teenagers and young adults.
The term ‘critica...
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...e, 2009: 34, children have a tendency to give “Yes” answers to questions more than they say “No”, therefore, he suggests that the questions be phased in a way that will encourage children to provide the most honest answer. Furthermore, in order to avoid misunderstandings, all the questions in a survey must be phrased in simple language that children can understand, in other words, this implies that researcher needs to reconstruct the survey questions in order to accommodate the level of understanding of the children which in turn can be time consuming (Riddle, 2009: 34).
There are far more considerations that researchers need to take into account when dealing with children in research. Researchers must take several steps before they can conduct research using children as participants which would normally not be the case with adult participants (Riddle, 2009: 34).
The article cites very little of the actual facts of the study making the claims harder to accept and more susceptible to critique. The study itself seems to have overlooked some added external effects and made some assumptions critical to the issue. One factor discussed in class is the size of the study and the people comprising the study. The study size is a decent study size of 37,000. However, the study does not specify some serious factors, such as family size, the structure of the family, the age of the participants and how long the study followed children.
...even years parents must give informed consent as the child may not have the cognitive ability to understand what is being asked of them’ Institute of Medicine (2004 cited in Keenen and Evans, 2010:78). There are also incentives for the child which should be fair and not excessive. The idea of deception means that certain studies may require the researcher to hold back certain information however the researcher must show that such deception is necessary and justifiable. An important ethic is confidentiality where records of research should be kept in such a way to ensure participant confidentiality. However if some information reveals the child’s welfare is at risk then parents should be informed. Finally there is dissemination in early years practice the child is often too young to understand research findings so a summary should be given to the child’s parents.
In conclusion this assignment has identified that attitudes towards studying children have and still continue to change, although it is evident attitudes are still dominated by a western perspective and some changes have been more embraced than others. The findings within this assignment support the view that children now have a participatory role within research, however it also identifies that participation is only possible if the researchers fully embrace children as competent beings and aspires to the key principles of consent, listening and responding to children and adheres to ethical codes of conduct.
I am grateful for the opportunity to be considered for the Intermountain Administrative Fellowship. I’ve had the great privilege of working at Intermountain for nearly five years, and I have enjoyed the culture and people I have been able to work with. I would like to identify three career goals related to population health, and two related to the development of Intermountain Healthcare.
...king it quicker for the subjects using their time to fill it out. I got a little confused during my initial calculating of the surveys due to the amount of questions and the different age groups I split each survey up in.
Kelley, K et al. (2003). Good practice in the conduct and reporting of survey research. Oxford Journal. 15 (3): 261-266.
The interview can have many difficulties and can lead to children placing fallacious charges onto a person, depending on how the interview is performed. Some of the problems with the interviews are leading questions, and interaction between an interviewer and the child. An interviewer can actually cause a child to become confused in the way they remember things if they do not ask questions in an appropriate way. The interview br...
Woodrow Wilson’s purpose in writing “The Study of Administration” is to bring awareness that the government systems in place need to be re-evaluated and improved. Wilson encourages we need to examine the history of administration set forth by others in determining certain needs to be accomplished in effective ways and methods. Wilson’s desirable outcomes for research within the public administration field are for government systems to become more productive and organized.
The study of public administration only continued to grow over the course of the next two decades. As the study of public administration expanded, so did the development of s...
Since its emergence as a field of study, there have been some important contributions to public administration. Its goal has always been to improve productivity which then improves workplace performance. All of the contributions have been aimed at completing the work with the highest level of efficiency and at the lowest cost.
When assessing young children in particular it is important to look for more then simply right or wrong. An in depth look is necessary to see what the children really know before giving them a poor grade. Children’s work needs to critiqued in more then one way to be sure that they really do ...
...y child. By giving out this survey to many children not just only children we can see the differences between only children and children with siblings.
Scientific management is a theory of management that analyzed and synthesized workflows. Its main objective was improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. It was one of the earliest attempts to apply science to the engineering of processes and to management. Its development began with Frederick Winslow Taylor in the 1880s and 1890s within the manufacturing industries. Its peak of influence came in the 1910s; by the 1920s, it was still influential but had begun an era of competition and syncretism with opposing or complementary ideas. Although scientific management as a distinct theory or school of thought was obsolete by the 1930s, most of its themes are still important parts of industrial engineering and management today.
Max Weber, Henri Fayol and Luther Halsey Gulick all addressed issues, concerning how an overall organization should be structured, bureaucratic administration, while Frederick Taylor’s theory of scientific management concentrated on techniques for increasing production (Tomkins, 2005). This essay will focus on the disadvantages and the advantages, including the effective and efficient components, of bureaucracy in public management.
“There is a need to address the fundamental issue of how the thinking of these children can be made more effective, also a...