1 INTRODUCTION
The non-hazardous waste gotten from household, commercial and industrial sources is called Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). These wastes (MSW) can come from any of the following sources:
• Household
• Commercial
• Institutional
• Industries.
1.1 Household
This type of solid waste comes from single-and multiple-family homes, hotels and motels, bunkhouses, ranger stations, crew quarters, campgrounds, picnic grounds, and day use recreation areas.
1.2 Institutional
Solid waste gotten from public works (such as street sweepings and tree and brush trimmings), schools and colleges, hospitals, prisons, and similar public or quasi-public buildings. Infectious and hazardous waste gotten from this source is usually managed separately from MSW.
1.3
The primary source of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is the household sources, which accounts for 55 to 65 percent of the total Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generated. This is closely followed by the commercial sources (EPA, 2011) while Commercial and Institutional Waste locations accounts to about 35 to 45 percent of total MSW (EPA, 2011) generated globally. The industries contributes a very miniature part of the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) since most industries recycle and manages most of its own solid residuals by recycling, reuse, or self-disposal in industrial waste landfills. Nevertheless some industrial waste still end up in MSW landfills sites.
2. QUANTITY OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
The quantity of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is highly influenced and determined by the following factors;
• The nature of materials disposed
• Technological changes
• Product packaging
• Changes in population
• The Purchasing power of an Individual
1.4 Generators Of Municipal Solid Waste
In many countries the term municipal solid waste (MSW) has different means. Now here in the United States it is commonly known as trash or garbage but in the United Kingdom it would be called refuse or rubbish. It is a waste type consisting of everyday items that people use and then throw away. These things consist of grass clippings, furniture, clothing, batteries, newspapers, food scraps and many other things that are used in our homes, schools, hospitals and businesses (EPA, 2014). It was reported that in 2012 Americans generated almost 251 million tons of trash and only recycled and composted almost 87 million tons (EPA, 2014). Therefore, municipal solid waste is the things we throw away every day.
Solid waste is normally collected in a solid waste area equipped with compartments or containers for each type of waste.
What is municipal solid waste (MSW)? Well, MSW is trash that consists of everyday things that we throw away. These come from Schools, hospitals, homes, and other businesses. Prior to Industrialization waste was dealt with by dumping it in a landfill people would dig holes and cover the garbage with dirt. Others would just dump their garbage in a designated area away from the city or designate someone to take the garbage to that land fill. This process as not very safe because back then nobody understood how diseases worked so animals that rummaged through that landfill ended up causing outbreaks of the plague.
In 2011, the Environmental Protection Agency estimated that Americans generated 250 million tons of municipal solid waste, MSW1, of which only 87 million tons were recycled or composted (“Municipal Solid Waste”, 1). This value, however, does not represent the total amount waste generated by the United States since MSW only accounts for 2 percent of total waste generated. As more trash is generated, space to construct more landfills becomes an issue. In order to reduce the amount of solid waste produced, the federal government must implement and enforce a new waste disposal method that emphasizes composting food waste.
Wilson, D. C., Shienberg, A., & Casanova, L. (2012). Solid Waste Management in the world's cities. Netherlands: UN-HABITAT.
The term municipal solid waste (MSW) is mostly used to describe most of the non-hazardous solid waste from a city, town or village that requires routine collection and transport to a processing or disposal site, Sources of Municipal waste include private homes, commercial establishments and institutions, as well as industrial facilities.
Village, P.K.S. 1998. Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste in the United Satte. 1997 update. US Environmental Protection Agency Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Division.
Everyday, 9,278 tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) are produced and disposed4. The current major waste treatment method is landfilling; however, assuming the current rate of disposal, all landfills are going to be full by 20195. Are there a solution to handle a myriad of daily MSW and switch to renewable energy source?
Mumbai generates waste to the tune of approximately or more than 7000 tonnes per day. The waste consists of:
“Wastes-Non-Hazardous Waste- Municipal Solid Waste.” Environmental Protection Agency. Jul 27. 2011. Web. Jul 29. 2011. http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/index.htm
Solid waste can be classified in different types, depending on their source, household waste is generally classified as municipal waste; industrial waste as hazardous waste or hospital waste as infections waste. It quite obvious that South Africa environment is deteriorated by the illegal dumping area that around here. Solid waste is a major problem this country is facing at the moment. The province that is experience this major problem is Gauteng province, this an urban area am taking about, and since it’s clear that over population is the cause of the problem. Gauteng province is an over populated than rural area .solid waste pollution is refuse or garbage that people use in their everyday life in their house, such as plastic
White, P. & Franke, M., 1999: Integrated solid waste management: a lifecycle inventory. Gaithersburg, Md.: Aspen.
America and Europe are at the top of the list for most waste generated according to Waste (4). This is very visible because there’s litter on every street in the towns and cities, as well in lakes, beaches, and rivers. The book Waste by Rob Bowden states that the amount of waste produced is increasing at a rate faster than population growth. About 1.5 million computers, in the U.K, are thrown away each year and most end up in landfills. There are 3 types of waste which are Municipal Solid Waste, Industrial Waste, and Hazardous waste. MSW includes waste from public garbage cans and local dumpsters. Industrial Waste includes massive amounts of waste water that is contaminated with chemicals. Hazardous waste is the most dangerous as it presents a danger to human health and the environment. Solutions for waste disposal take time because people need to consider their lifestyle and limit the amount of waste they generate. A good start is to recycle items such as paper, cans, plastic, and clothes. This way they don’t end up in landfills, beaches, or streets. Another solution is to join organizations that go around places to recycle, or organizations that demand the reduction in the amount of products that are being
The solid wastes are produce not only by households; it’s contributed by hospitals and corporations. Hospitals throw away bandages, use needles and latex gloves, these items hospitals throw away daily all the time because they can’t be reuse for the safety of its patients. Corporations throw away a lot of waste as well such as papers that they use whether in writing or in projects. All of these leftovers after consumptions are waste that is produced by our daily actions.
Efficient waste managing approaches help with reducing and avoiding unpleasant impact on the environment and human health, while allowing financial development and progress in the quality of people’s life. People do not even imagine what is the size and capacity of their activities and the impact they produce on the environment. Garbage is an important ecological problem. It is seems amazing that approximately all of the citizens of the world identify rubbish as a major environmental problem and yet these people still litter. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (2008), an American produces 250 million tons of garbage per year (para.2). There are different circumstances that are based on the society, environmental conditions, occupation and size of each of the different family. As Richmond (2010) stated, if no administration organizations has the responsibility or resources to concentrate their efforts on the waste disposal, then the responsibility to do that is on ...