IBDP Chemistry IA: Equilibrium Reaction Lab Introduction: Reactions are based on collisions of particles, in which the particles must have sufficient energy. Some chemical reactions are reversible, and when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, the process has reached equilibrium. As it will appear to have stopped, as there is no overall change due to the rates being equal. Through this lab, we will be investigating one factor that will affect the equilibrium constant. The chemical reaction to determine the equilibrium constant is; 〖Fe〗^3 +_((aq))+SCN-_((aq))⇌ 〖FeSCN〗^2 +_((aq)) And to calculate the equilibrium constant; K_c K_c= ( [〖FeSCN〗^(2+)])/([〖Fe〗^(3+)] [〖SCN〗^-]) To obtain the value of K_c of this reaction, we need to know the concentrations of iron (III) and thiocyanate. When the two solutions are mixed together, wait for a period of time to ensure equilibrium. As equilibrium is reached, we can apply ‘ICE’ method to calculate the concentration of thiocyanatoiron (III), x. K_c= ( x)/(([〖Fe〗^(3+) ]-x) ([〖SCN〗^- ]-x)) Out of the three substances, SCN- is colourless, while 〖Fe〗^(3+) is dull yellow in 0.5M of〖 HNO〗_3. So the dominant colour for this equilibrium would be thiocyanatoiron (III) in brownish red which absorbs blue light. And so by using Beer-Lambert’s law, we will be able to calculate x: x=A/(ε×l) From the equation above, A is absorbance of the solution in equilibrium, ε is the molar absurdity of the molecule and l is the cuvette width; the length of which light goes through the cuvette. Extra information: Beer-Lambert Law states the absorbance of light at a certain wavelength is directly proportional to the concentration of a solution. Which basically means the darker t... ... middle of paper ... .../hwb/chemistry/tutorials/molspec/beers1.htm Calculations in Science. (n.d.). - Beer's law. Retrieved May 23, 2014, from http://calcscience.uwe.ac.uk/beers-law.aspx Downloads. (n.d.). Spectrophotometers Cuvettes. Retrieved May 23, 2014, from http://www.jenway.com/product.asp?dsl=302 Plastic Cuvettes (visible range). (n.d.). > Vernier Software & Technology. Retrieved May 23, 2014, from http://www.vernier.com/products/accessories/cuv/ Spectrophotometry. (n.d.). : Beer's Law. Retrieved May 23, 2014, from http://www.chm.davidson.edu/vce/spectrophotometry/beerslaw.html What Is a Colorimeter?. (n.d.). wiseGEEK. Retrieved May 23, 2014, from http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-a-colorimeter.htm absorption spectra - the Beer-Lambert Law. (n.d.). absorption spectra - the Beer-Lambert Law. Retrieved May 23, 2014, from http://www.chemguide.co.uk/analysis/uvvisible/beerlambert.html
Absorbance was defined as: log I_o/I where I_o is incident light and I is the transmitted light. Fluorescence emission spectrum is different from fluorescence excitation spectrum because it records different wavelengths of chemical s...
The limiting reactant of a chemical reaction is the substance that places an upper bound on the amount of product that the reaction can produce. The limiting reactant places this upper bound because the reaction must stop once all of the limiting reactant is consumed.
The essential points of the green-frosting are the concentration and absorbance value in each diluted which the process of serial dilution. The standard curve of Blue#1 and yellow #5 provide the equation of the trend-line in order to calculate the concentration in the diluted solution of the green frosting. The mole of dye in 100mL green stock solution, mole of dye in 5 gram and 1 gram of frosting, the Beer –Lambert Law, and the compare to amount desired by the company can be determined. The Beer-Lambert Law is the relationship between color and the concentration and equation A=Ebc. The “A” is absorbance, the “C” is a concentration in molarity, the “E” is a molar absorptivity and “b” is the path-length. The goal of the lab is to use the absorbance and the Beer-Lambert law to determine the amounts of blue#1 and yellow #5 in the green frosting.
Introduction: The purpose of this laboratory activity is to investigate the Hardy-Weinberg Law of Equilibrium using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. According to the Hardy-Weinberg Law of equilibrium, allele frequencies should remain the same in large populations that do not experience gene flow, mutations, nonrandom mating, and natural or artificial selection. We will be studying the alleles that determine wing shape, either normal (wild type) wings or vestigial wings.
...eases, including temperature. It is determined from the data that the reaction is more likely to have a step wise mechanism than a concerted due to the small – ΔS and a relatively large value of ΔH from the tables. Due to some errors, it is best to perform another experiment for future protocols. In addition with the variance the 35°C where at one point the absorbance levels off and then increases. In comparison to the rate constant against temperatures, at 25°C it is higher than 35 and 45. More test is required to ensure proper determination of the rate constant at those temperatures.
The least absorbed was the 4 Celsius with only 0.040 absorbed. The most absorbed was -20 Celsius with 0.219 absorbed.
A low absorbency would have a low color change so would be clear or slightly clear by the end of the trails and a high absorbency would have a strong red color by the end of the experiment.
I am going to investigate how the concentration of hydrochloric acid alters the rate of reaction. As I increase the amount of water, I
2. Put the test tube inside a beaker for support. Place the beaker on a balance pan. Set the readings on the balance to zero. Then measure 14.0g of KNO3 into the test tube.
energy as yellow would. Red will have a very high photosynthetic rate. even though it has the longest wavelength and therefore carries the least energy it will be greatly absorbed so a lot of the light energy will be used rather than reflected. Prediction graph. [ IMAGE] Photosynthetic equation =
will result in an increase in the speed of the rate of reaction it has
Input variables In this experiment there are two main factors that can affect the rate of the reaction. These key factors can change the rate of the reaction by either increasing it or decreasing it. These were considered and controlled so that they did not disrupt the success of the experiment. Temperature-
And the symbol equation for it is:. Na2S2O3 + 2HCl, S + SO2 + 2Na + H2O. Before conducting my experiment, I will research into, amongst other things, the factors that affect the rate of a reaction. This is so that I may have enough information to understand the effect of temperature on the rate of a reaction and also gain appropriate understanding to make a suitable prediction as to what the outcome of my experiment will be. Reactions occur when the particles of reactants collide together continuously.
0.1M HCl, 10 mL of 0.1N KMnO4, 0.2 g. KI, 5 mL of alcohol, and 5 mL of
In this experiment three different equations were used and they are the Stoichiometry of Titration Reaction, Converting mL to L, and Calculating the Molarity of NaOH and HCl (Lab Guide pg. 142 and 143).