Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Equality in sports
The history of title ix athletics proposal
Equality in sports essay
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Equality in sports
Equality vs. Athletics
In 1929, the 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote. This was a breakthrough for America and an enormous step towards equal opportunities for women everywhere. Being given the right to vote created a sense of long awaited and greatly deserved equality with men. Even though women were given the right to vote, over 70 years ago, the government still has to make a law to ensure that equal treatment is given. Title IX was instated in 1972 to provide women with the same athletic opportunities as men in universities across the United States. While Title IX has helped advance female athletics, there are arguments that it has discriminated against male athletics. Attorney Curt Levey makes a drastically bias argument against Title IX in his article, Title IX’s Dark Side: Sports Gender Quotas. The argument focuses on the pressures of upper level schools complying with Title IX’s proportionality rule, the lack of female interest in intercollegiate athletics, and the bitter cutting of several men’s teams since Title IX was established. Levey, along with many others opposed to Title IX, seem to think the law is slowly destroying male athletics, which was not what it was intended for and definitely is not the case. Title IX was created in order to provide women with equal opportunities in intercollegiate athletics, and that is exactly what it has done so far and what it will continue to do.
Levey’s first problem with Title IX and its attempt to increase women’s athletic opportunities, found in paragraph four, is directed towards the proportionality rule (Levey 626). The proportionality rule is one of three options schools are given to comply with Title IX. This requires high schools, colleges, and u...
... middle of paper ...
...een sitting on the bench for years, and now it’s time for men to “take one for the team.”
Work Cited
Bestwick, Dick. “Title IX’s proportionality rule is patently unfair to men.” Athens
Banner-Herald. 2 Feb. 2003. 16 Apr. 2003. <http://www.onlineathens.com/stories/020303/let_20030203018.shtml>
Levey, Curt. Title IX’s Dark Side: Sports Gender Quotas. Good Reasons with
Contemporary Arguments. Needham Heights: Pearson, 2001.626-627. Rpt. in The
Humanist.
The National Coalition for Women and Girls in Education. Title IX at Thirty: Report Card of Gender Equity. June 2002.
The National Coalition for Women and Girls in Education. Title IX Athletics Policies:
Issues and Data for Education Decision Makers. Aug 27. 2002.
The Secretary of Education’s Commission on Opportunity in Athletics. “Open to All”
Title IX at Thirty. Feb 28. 2003.
In the Time of the Butterflies is a historical fiction novel by Julia Alvarez based on events that occurred during the rule of Trujillo in the Dominican Republic. This book shows the hardships the Mirabal Sisters had to go through while being part of an underground effort to overthrow the dictatorship of Trujillo. It also shows that ultimately, it was their courage that brought upon their own death. Alvarez wants us to understand anyone and everyone has the potential to be courageous.
Great inequalities in the educational system between the sexes have occurred for many years and still occur today. Efforts have been made to rectify this disparity, but the one that has made the most difference is Title IX. Passed in 1972, Title IX attempted to correct the gender discrimination in educational systems receiving public funding. The greatest correction it made was in the area of athletics, but social justice of Title IX applies to many other areas as well. Title IX has an effect on women who are not athletes in many ways, including quality of education, receptivity to education, empowerment and creation of ideals.
The debate over Title IX is a complex one, with many sides relentlessly attacking each other’s approaches regarding the law. The Title IX advocates, largely comprised of women’s organizations such as the National Women’s Law Center (NWLC), take the approach that the law is the major reason women have achieved somewhat equal opportunities in athletics. The NWLC contends that abolishing Title IX would undo years of progress so far achieved. In sharp contrast with the Title IX advocates are the Title IX opponents, who are largely comprised of the National Wrestling Coaches Association (...
Title IX is a law that requires equality of genders in every educational program funded by the federal government. It is called the “living, breathing law” because it’s been the subject of court cases, amendments, and reviews. (NWLC)
His use of “we” indicates that he not only applies this question to his own existence, but that of all of humanity. This is his question of the essence of life. It is only when he finally declares himself “This is I, / Hamlet the Dane!” (5.1.250-251) that he finally decides to form his own existence by taking the existential responsibility of avenging his father’s death.
Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 is the landmark legislation that bans sex discrimination in schools, whether it is in academics or athletics. Title IX states:
Have you ever wondered why many schools have more women’s athletic teams than the men do? This is due to the fact that all universities must abide by the regulations put in place by Title IX. Title IX in many ways is responsible for the growth and success of women’s collegiate athletics. Even though it has contributed to the growth of Women’s athletics has, in turn, had a negative effect on the opportunities male students have to participate in sports.
Martinez, Elizabeth. De Colores Means All of US. South End Press, 1998. 194. eBook. books.google.com. 10 Dec 2013.
Title IX was put in place to help women. This act was supposed to stop situations such as unfair media attention, but has it helped? According to the article Media Coverage of Women's Sport: A New Look at an Old Problem, “There is evidence that these injustices are not diminishing over time, as Duncan and Messner (2000), in their longitudinal analysis, found the amount and type of coverage of women's sport in broadcast media has not changed since 1989” (Cunningham 44). The problem of inequality within media has been a problem for years and there haven’t been improvements. It has been said over the years that the amount of media coverage may vary depending on what female sport it is. Cunningham says, “Several authors have found that women participating in "sex appropriate" sports (e.g., gymnastics, figure skating) receive better coverage, in terms of length and number features, than do female athletes in "sex-inappropriate" sports (e.g., body building, wrestling)” (Cunningham 44). This statement isn’t fair, because there shouldn’t be two different categories for women’s sports. All sports are appropriate or they wouldn’t be allowed. Those so called “sex-appropriate” sports still aren’t gaining the amount of coverage that male sports are gaining. Therefore the excuse of inequality within female sports, because of the sport being “sex-inappropriate” isn’t a good argument. There are arguments as to why women don’t get as much coverage. According to the article Visual and Verbal Gender Cues in the Televised Coverage Of the 2010 Winter Olympics, “The production techniques used for men’s sports far outweighs those for women’s sports in several key areas, including editing, camera use and type of shot. Specifically, men’s sports were e...
Much has changed for women since the 1970’s. One of the most important events that have happened in the world of female athletics is the establishment of professional athletics for women. Educational Amendments of 1972. These amendments assure that everyone who wants an education is treated equally no matter what race or gender, to create opportunities for everyone. Most important of those amendments is Title IX.
This was the foundation for Title IX legislation today. When the Civil Rights Act passed, it failed to mention “sex” in any of the titles that addressed education. This was corrected during the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act of 1965 in 1972. While Title IX was born in 1972, the focus of sexual harassment was not viewed as a form of discrimination at that time. Likewise, sexual assault was also not considered a form of discrimination, but was viewed as crime of violence to maintain culture control by men. It is important to note that the interpretations of sex discrimination through Title VII by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) played a key role in advancing the Title IX. The EEOC established guidelines for sexual harassment as a form of sex discrimination in 1980 based on Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. The Supreme Court affirmed that harassment constituted sex discrimination under Title VII. (Silbaugh, Boston Law
It is based upon a 3 prong system of compliance. The first prong is to make sure that the school is providing athletic opportunities that are substantially proportionate to the student enrollment. Prong two states the school must demonstrate a continual expansion of athletic opportunities for the underrepresented gender. The final prong of the test of compliance says the school must have full and effective accommodation of the interest and ability of the underrepresented gender. This test is a great way to make sure that women are getting the same amount of federal financing than the men. This test will also help to make sure the demographics and size of the school are taken into complete consideration.
After I interviewed both my grandfather and Samm, I was not going to leave them without giving them information on the topic, and both of them thanked me for the information, because they both said they had been misinformed on what exactly Title IX is. That brings me to a point. Do you know what Title IX is? To be honest before I started this research for this paper, I was always told it is how women got the right to play sports. Now given sports...
The Civil right Acts of 1964 was originally written to end discrimination based on race, color, national origin, and along the way came Title IX. Title IX as we all know gave equal opportunity for women to participate in sports starting in Elementary schools to colleges or the universities level and almost all schools and colleges receive federal funding. The original intention was never focused on sports. It wasn’t until 1969 when an emerging activist by the name of Bernice Sandler complained to the University of Maryland and many more other universities that women are being treated unfairly, and the inequalities in pay, rank, admissions, and much more. In 1970, “Sandler joined Representative Edith Green’s Subcommittee on Higher Education and sat in on the congressional hearings where women’s rights were discussed”. It wasn’t in congressional hearing that Green and Sandler proposed Title IX and again, there was very limited mention of sports. The focal point was aiming toward equalities at employment and federally financed institutions. Although, Title IX was officially passed into law on June 23, 1972, many people didn’t fully understand what Title IX and that there were also other people who was against Title IX. President Nixon “President Nixon directed the now-defunct Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW) to carry out this important task.” In wasn’t until 1972 when the HEW published their finalized copy of Title IX and that’s when people had a good understanding of what it truthfully means. This was the step that people have finally have a clear understanding of Title IX and that it would applies to college athletics. Universities were given three years to implements Title IX. Many universities weren’t too happy a...
Title IX is a law that requires high schools and colleges to give the same amount of money to both girls and boys sports in an attempt to make the genders equal. However, instead of simply equalizing the two sides, this law provides more scholarships for women because they are still competing in fewer sports than men. This will usually peak the parent’s interest, making them believe that there are plenty of scholarships out there for their daughters. Unfortunately this is not exactly true. As Lester Munson, an associate editor at Sports Illustrated, explains it (in an article by Brendan Tierney), “This is the theory that many parents have that if they start their child young enough, and work him or her hard enough, that he or she will get a college scholarship or become a professional athle...