Enzymes in Industry

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Enzymes in Industry Enzymes are described as chemical a catalyst that is they speed up the rate of reaction. Enzymes have enormous potential in the commercial world. They are cheap to use in industry and they do not need high temperatures to work. They work at neutral PH and normal atmospheric pressure. This reduces the costs of fuel in industry and are energy saving. Also, enzymes can be reused. This means that they are needed in relatively small amounts in comparison with Inorganic catalysts. Once a suitable enzyme has been found, it is made on a larger scale and purified before use. Enzymes are specific in their action. They only react with one substrate to produce a specific product. They are therefore less likely to produce unwanted by-products. They are Biodegradable causing less environmental pollution. Enzymes also have their disadvantages. They are highly sensitive to changes in temperature and PH and can very easily become denatured. They shouldn't be contaminated with other substances as this could cause unwanted reactions. This means their environment must be clean and controlled. They are also expensive to purify and are often unstable in a purified state. Enzymes in agriculture: The only major agricultural area to utilise enzymes is the feeding of monogastric animals. However, there are two applications which currently make use of enzymes. Biological silage frequently contains enzymes in addition to lactic acid bacteria. The enzymes in such products partially breakdown some of the cell wall components of the plant material to be ensiled into soluble sugars. These sugars are then metabolised by the natural o... ... middle of paper ... ...ll. In the modern textile industry enzymes are used increasingly in the finishing of fabrics and clothes. The main component of cotton and other natural fibres is cellulose. Whilst most of the fibres are arranged as long, straight chains some small fibres can protrude from the yarn or fabric. The correct application of an enzyme can remove these rough protuberances giving a smoother, glossier brighter coloured fabric.The same process has recently been adapted and included in some laundry detergents. The finishing of denim jeans has also become a popular application for enzymes in the textile industry. Traditionally denim was was stonewashed with pumice stones to fade the surface of the garment. A small application of the right enzyme can replace many of the stones resulting in less damage to the garments and machinery.

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