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Enzyme Catalase
Background information: An enzyme is a large protein that acts as a
biological catalyst and which changes the rate of a reaction. It
provides an active site which is an environment where a reaction can
take place this is made up of amino acids. The structure and shape of
the substrate, the structure and shape of an enzyme and the substance
upon which the enzyme works all have to match exactly. This enables
the substrate to bind, but it can't do this if the shapes of the two
are different. An enzyme itself will not be affected by the reaction
and if the reactants are released the enzyme can be bound with a new
substrate.
The enzyme I am investigating is catalase. Catalase is made in all
organisms including yeast cells which will be used for my experiment.
Catalase breaks down Hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
Hydrogen Peroxide Catalase = Water + Oxygen
2H2O2 H 2O O 2
There are many different factors which affect how catalase works. One
of these is the temperature of the substrate. By increasing the
temperature I will increase the rate of reaction. This is explained
with the use of collision theory. When the temperature is increased
the kinetic energy of the reactants are increased so more successful
collision between the molecules of reactants so the rate of reaction
is increased. Increasing the temperature therefore should increase the
rate of reaction.
All enzymes though have a specific "optimum temperature" where the
temperature is just right for the enzyme to work to its best
potential. This usually about 35â–« Celsius. However by increasing the
temperature to much so that it is higher than the enzymes optimum
temperature it will denature the enzyme and will be useful. This is
because temperatures usually above 45â—‹ Celsius will damage the enzymes
protein.
Another factor which affects an enzyme is the PH of the substance. All
enzymes have an optimum PH as well as an optimum temperature at which
it will work best.
Catecholase is an enzyme formed by catechol and oxygen used to interlock oxygen at relative settings, and it is present in plants and crustaceans (Sanyal et. al, 2014). For example, in most fruits and vegetables, the bruised or exposed area of the pant becomes brown due to the reaction of catechol becoming oxidized and oxygen becoming reduced by gaining hydrogen to form water, which then creates a chain that is is the structural backbone of dark melanoid pigments (Helms et al., 1998). However, not all fruits and plants darken at the same rate. This leads to question the enzymatic strength of catecholase and how nearby surroundings affect its activity. The catecholase enzyme has an optimal temperature of approximately 40°C (Helms et al., 1998). Anything above that level would denature the tertiary or primary structure of the protein and cause it to be inoperable. At low temperatures, enzymes have a slower catalyzing rate. Enzymes also function under optimal pH level or else they will also denature, so an average quantity of ions, not too high or low, present within a solution could determine the efficiency of an enzyme (Helms et al., 1998). Also, if more enzymes were added to the concentration, the solution would have a more active sites available for substrates and allow the reaction rate to increase if excess substrate is present (Helms et al., 1998). However, if more
Investigation of How the Concentration of Catalase Enzyme Affects the Rate of Reaction Aim: To find out how the concentration of Catalase Enzyme will affect the enzyme activity and the rate of reaction towards Hydrogen Peroxide. (H O ) Prediction: I predict that with the higher concentration of enzyme, the likelihood of it breaking down molecules will be greater because there will be more enzymes to work at the substrate and the chances of it colliding will be higher making the activity time quicker. Equipment: · Syringe · Measuring Cylinder (×2) · Knife · Blender · Beakers (×2) · Balance · Hydrochloric Acid in a beaker · Stop clock · Potato · Water in a beaker Preliminary Experiment: In this experiment we will be using an enzyme called Catalase. By using different amounts of this enzyme we will be diluting it with water to test how the concentration of Catalase affects the rate of reaction with Hydrogen Peroxide.
Scibd. N.p. Web. 17 Mar 2014. Beller, Michele.
The Effect of Temperature on the Activity of the Enzyme Catalase Introduction: The catalase is added to hydrogen peroxide (H²0²), a vigorous reaction occurs and oxygen gas is evolved. This experiment investigates the effect of temperature on the rate at which the enzyme works by measuring the amount of oxygen evolved over a period of time. The experiment was carried out varying the temperature and recording the results. It was then repeated but we removed the catalase (potato) and added Lead Nitrate in its place, we again tested this experiment at two different temperatures and recorded the results. Once all the experiments were calculated, comparisons against two other groups were recorded.
The symbiosis of the symbiosis. That means by the interaction between the side-chains of the enzyme and the atoms of the substrate, the enzyme can encourage the formation or breaking of bonds in a substrate molecule. Each enzyme possesses an active site. The active site is a region of enzyme which allows a substrate to bind to it. The configuration of the active site gives the specificity of the enzyme.
tension of the system. Their orientation at the interface varies, depending on the components of
A rate is a measure of change that occurs in a given time whilst a
Investigating Factors that Affect the Rate of Catalase Action Investigation into the factors which affect the rate of catalase action. Planning Aim: To investigate the affect of concentration of the enzyme catalase on the decomposition reaction of hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme: Catalase is an enzyme found within the cells of many different plants and animals. In this case, it is found in celery.
...e substances at 37.5̊C due to the fact that in the previous experiment, this was found to be the optimum temperature that catalase reacts at. It was because of this constant that I used the set of data of the catalase at 37.5̊C from the first experiment to provide a neutral environment for the experiment. The way in which the data was collected for the first experiment was identical to that needed to be done by the second. From this data, it was determined that the neutral environment for the catalase had the best results, which makes it clear that when the enzyme is in a pH of the opposite extremes such as basic or acidic, it is un able to function properly. When it is too basic then the enzyme will become inactive and when the enzyme is too acidic then the enzyme will denature, both rendering it unable to function at its optimum efficiency that all enzymes need.
The Effect of a Catalase on the Breakdown of Hydrogen Peroxide Aim To follow the progress of a catalysed reaction by measuring the volume of gas produced as the reaction proceeds. Using the initial rates of a series of experiments I will be able to find the orders of the reaction with respect to enzyme and substrate. Also to find out if concentration has an effect on the reaction when an enzyme is used to accelerate the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide.
The human body is made of cells, which means that if the cells die, the human dies. Metabolism keeps the cells and thus the body alive and functioning properly and can be divided into two parts: catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism breaks down molecules in order to gain energy while anabolism synthesizes everything that the cells need.
The Effect of pH on the Activity of Catalase Planning Experimental Work Secondary Resources Catalase is a type of enzyme found in different types of foods such as potatoes, apples and livers. It speeds up the disintegration of hydrogen peroxide into water because of the molecule of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) but it remains unchanged at the end of the reaction.
chains instead of hydrogen atoms. Cross-linking is another way in which the polymer can be made stronger. This involves ultraviolet radiation that bombards the polymer with electrons and formulates bonds between the molecular chains of the polymers. This is like linear polyethylene but different in that it is more impact resistant, and it has a much higher density. This allows it to be stored or be used with different chemicals that would normally cause the polymer to desolve.3 This can start to become a problem because as the polymer continues to become chemically enhanced. So the ways of dissolving and recycling the polymer become more difficult.
How the Concentration of the Substrate Affects the Reaction in the Catalase Inside Potato Cells