English in Kurdistan

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Recommended: Global Uses of English language

Kachru has provided an important and influential model of the worldwide spread of the English language. The World Englishes model is comprised of three concentric circles of English usage: the inner circle; the outer circle; and the expanding circle (see Figure 1).The expanding circle seemingly comprises every nation not included in the inner circle or the outer circle. According to Kachru’s model, English in Kurdistan is categorized within the expanding circle, where the language does not have the status of an official language and involves nations that were not relic of colonization but steadily recognize the importance of English (David Crystal 60). Figure 1 Kachru’s eccentric circle of English (Crystal 61) Although in previous years very little, if any, has been written on the role of English in Kurdistan, few Kurdish scholars have referred negatively to the unprecedented presence of English in Kurdistan in their texts. To mention some, Suleiman has implied in his research titled (in Arabic) The Reality of Arabization in Arab Countries, Iraqi Kurdistan as an Example that...

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