Energy Flow Systems
Richard White's Organic Machine, and William Cronon's Changes in the
Land, both examine environments as energy flow systems. The energy flow model was utilized by the authors to explain relationships within ecosystems.
Richard White's thesis is to examine the river as an organic machine, as an energy system that, although modified by human intervention, maintains it's natural, its “unmade” qualities. White emphasizes on energy because it is a useful concept that can be easily understood. He says, “the flow of the river is energy, so is the electricity that comes from the dams that block that flow.
Human labor is energy; so are the calories that are stored as fat by salmon for their journey upstream.” White notes that energy is as concrete as salmon, human bodies, and the Grand Coulee Dam. White wants his readers to think about nature and its relationship with humanity.
White explains how the river is energy. The Columbia River works as gravity pulls it to the Pacific Ocean. The Columbia is continuously cutting into the terrain that it flows through. Over millions of years water rushed through the Columbia Basin to form the Columbia River. Water carries soil, silt, and debris downstream. The constant movement of material in the river cuts and shapes the river basin into the land. This movement is a slow and inefficient use of energy. According to White, only two percent of water's potential energy results in the work of erosion. The other ninety-eight percent of water's energy was lost as water molecules rub against themselves, the river bed, and the river banks. This energy was released as heat into the river.
Often the energy of flowing water was not recognized. There are occasions when rivers do show their power is destructive ways. Power was usually demonstrated through floods, and more so in flash floods. Thousands of years ago, an ice dam in the Columbia River, holding the glacial lake Missoula, broke and created the largest known freshwater flood in earth's history. The flood rushed into the Columbia Channel and created the Grand Coulee and other rock channels that would have taken the Mississippi River three hundred years at full flood to create.
Salmon are also a part of the Colombian energy model. As the river works its way downward to the Pacific Ocean, the salmon work their way up the
Columbia to spawn. The energy in salmon can be measured by their body fat and caloric value. Salmon start their run upstream prepared for the long hard run.
Their bodies have stored fat and oil after a year worth of feeding at sea.
In the past, because the glaciers disappeared slowly can make people have a low temperature, clean water during the summer, but at the same time the salmon begin and end their lives. With temperature getting warmer and our glaciers melting, every stage of salmon’s life cycle is getting hurt.
The PBS documentary begins by explaining the normal life cycle of salmon, focusing primarily on the sockeye salmon population. This Pacific salmon once was found abundantly in the Columbia and Snake River, but as rivers were straightened and dams were built to meet the needs of population growth the fish population has diminished by the thousands.
The use of turbines from dams to provide power was a brilliant idea until water levels started running lower than normal. The water waste from humanity is directly contributing to portions of it, aside from drought conditions affected by pollution, widespread fires battled, and more adds to the depletion thereof. When humanity is relying on power provided from dams to handle the demand, they are essentially relying on the assumption that water levels will always be there to provide it. The Hoover Dam provides power to the southwestern portion of the USA that has a large number of people.
The creation of the Mickey Mouse character marks the beginning of a long journey to bring high quality family entertainment to the adoring Walt Disney fans. The company utilizes many industries to bring high-quality family content to the customers, from motion pictures where it began, to television, live productions, theme parks, cruise ships, and much more. The early acquisition of ESPN demonstrates the company’s commitment to providing entertainment for the entire family. Additionally, as the company has seen the technology trends continuing to push forward, The Walt Disney Company has been sure to join the innovative industries that are drawing the consumer’s attention at this time. Most recently, the acquisition of Maker Studios, a company that produces online videos that is a prominent fixture on YouTube, has brought the company further into the technological realms. Previously, acquisitions of companies such as
[1] Information was mainly taken from the Harvard Business Case Study “The Walt Disney Company: The Entertainment King”
In reviewing the vast corporation of the Walt Disney Company and all that it has to offer, one profound statement made by Walt Disney himself comes to the forefront, “I only hope that we don’t lose sight of one thing – that it was all started by a mouse” (Walt, n.d.). This statement suggests that the company has a strong focus to continually guide them in the way of the original idea of the company. Even as it watches the changes taking place in society and adapts to the new technologies and innovations, the Walt Disney Company has been able to implement diverse strategies for its growth and prosperity.
Dams operate by using water as its main source of power. They produce power from fast volumes of moving water that turns a generator. This falling water at one gallon of water per second, can create one kilowatt of electrical power if it falls one hundred feed. When water behind a dam is released, it runs through a pipe called a penstock, which then delivers it to the turbine. Different shapes are used on these turbines, but are generally created to harness kinetic force of the moving water as well as the water pressure.
From the surface to its deepest depth the ocean is 11km deep, and with this distance comes a vast change in physiological feature of fish as they try to survive the changing conditions.
With smiles on our faces we cast our wisely selected lures into the ocean, but we then encountered our first problem of saltwater fishing. Our lures wouldn’t sink. As soon as they hit the water, the ocean current would just buoy them to the surface and, soon after, down current into the line of a nearby fisherman. Improvising our rigs, we dug the heaviest weights out of our tackle boxes and clamped them onto our lures. Sure enough, we got our lures underwater and under control.
• Understand the movement of fish. Since small water bodies have limited oxygen supply, fish tend to stay shallower. On the contrary, fish in larger lakes have adequate oxygen supply; hence, fish tend to stay where there is food. The fish may also stay deeper because the temperature of the deep water is slightly higher.
Since salmon do not feed once they leave the ocean, some will die on the way because they lack enough stored body fat to make the trip. Many will be caught in fishermen's nets. Those that evade the nets may have to swim through polluted waters near cities. Many must make their way over power dams, leaping up from one tiny pool to the next along cement stairstep cascades called fish ladders. In the tributary streams, waterfalls and rapids are steep and swift enough to eliminate all but the strongest. Otters, eagles, and bears stalk the salmon in shallow riffles. Once on the spawning grounds, the fish battle each other: females against females for places to nest, males against males for available females.
Overfishing is the most major problem related to oceans, but it is also the most overlooked. Fishing has been going on for thousands of years, and fish have always been seen as a renewable resource, that would replenish itself forever for our benefit. But around the world there is evidence that fish are not recove...
The market segmentation of Walt Disney is divided into five main segments as follows: media networks, theme parks and resorts, Walt Disney studios, Disney consumer products and Disney interactive (Carillo, Crumley, Thieringer, & Harrison, 2012). As Carillo et al. (2012) continues to explain, media networks encompasses cable, broadcast television and radio networks, aside from digital operations. ABC, ESPN, and the Disney channel are some of the constituents of media networks. Theme parks and resorts, as Russell (N.d) states, include the operation of the Disney World Resort, the Disneyland hotel, the Disneyland Park, the Hong Kong Disney resort, and the Disneyland Pacific
Hydroelectric Power Plant is when electricity is generated when water in an uphill reservoir flows downhill. The gravitational potential energy of the water changes to kinetic energy of the flowing water which drives the turbines to generate electricity. The efficiency is more than 90%. The environmental impact is Floods large area and affects the ecology of the area, May cause drought downstream if not managed properly, does not cause ai...
Disney embraces the use of modern technology to reach its core customers. Disney has taken advantage of social media as well. Disney is extremely active in the social media sphere under the name “Disney Living.” ("Disney Living - the official channel for the coolest and newest Disney products for all ages.") Disney has more than 300,000 “likes” on Face book, 29,000 followers on Twitter and 8.8 million views on YouTube in just less than two years. (Warren) In addition to social media, Disney advertises in conservative media as well. It believes in steady advertising both online and offline, so as to be forever in its customers’ minds. Disney uses sales promotions and direct mail. Whether it is the theme parks or the movie theater, Disney tries to provide entertainment to children and the child in everybody. It believes in repeatedly improving its products and service contributions. In its theme parks, Disney continually updates and modernizes its rides so as to satisfy usual customers while attracting newer ones. Disney is also a marketing genius by continually creating new sources of revenue. If you look around when inside of one of the Disney parks you will notice advertising everywhere. The rides, the kiosks, even the building signs have sponsors on them. Disney is a master at building synergy among its businesses, such as theme parks, merchandising, movies which bring in more revenues and profits. To