- The pump found in the tropical oceans is responsible for the movement of air and the surface ocean over most of the globe. The energy source that drives this pump is solar radiation from the sun.
- The second pump is the deep ocean circulation which is also driven by the sun.
- The third pump is the heating of the earth’s interior by radioactive decay and radiation of heat causes plate tectonics and continents to move. This long term pump has ceased in Mars.
- The winds and ocean currents redistribute the energy received from the Sun
- Air moves from high pressure areas to low pressure areas horizontally due to horizontal differences in pressure.
- As a parcel of air warms up it becomes more buoyant and the air rises. Warmer air has less density.
- Pressure differences among air masses are typically related to the distribution of surface temperatures
- The radiation reaching the Earth is spread over larger and larger areas as we move from the equator to the poles. You get more light per unit area at the equator than at high latitudes.
- The incoming solar radiation varies with latitude and seasons, whereas the outgoing terrestrial radiation depends on the temperature at the surface and atmosphere.
- Primary causes for temperature distribution on earth are because it’s warmer at the equator and colder at higher latitudes.
- The solar radiation absorbed at the surface varies with cloud cover and atmospheric absorption.
- Heated air rises at the equator causing air to move towards the equator. This converging air makes up the intertropical convergence zone.
- Rising air cools which causes it to loose its water in the form of rain.
- Areas of rising air cause low pressures.
- The warmer stratosphere acts as a barrier to the rising warm air causing it to spread out and diverge. As the air diverges it becomes more and more cooler and it sinks at 30 degrees N/S of the equator (Hadley Cell)
- Most of the earth’s deserts are located at about 30 degrees N/S of the equator. Descending air causes an area of high pressure at this 30 degrees N/S
- Hadley Cell: the convergence occurring in the tropics and divergence some 30 degrees N/S of it is called the Hadley Cell.
- The Hadley Cell and the ITCZ are not continuous around the globe.
- The equatorward-moving cold air meets the warm air moving poleward from the subtropics producing a zone of steep temperature gradients called the polar front zone at approximately 60 degrees N/S latitude.
In “1984,” Orwell uses Winston to portray a single individual’s attempt to take action against a powerful government, culminating in his failure and subjugation. His individual efforts failed tremendously due to the overarching power of the Party to control every aspect of social life in Oceania. Orwell uses Winston’s deeply seated hatred of the Party to portray his views on power and social change. Winston’s actions show that even in the direst of situations ...
1. Life is more abundant in the North Atlantic than in the Pacific because the ocean area of the North Atlantic is directly in the path of iron-rich dust from the Sahara Desert, which leads to the development of bigger communities of phytoplankton, and in turn plankton, and so on. This fact is related to global warming because someone thought of an idea to fight global warming by putting huge amounts of iron solution into the ocean so that extreme plant growth would occur and these plants would remove enough carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere to counter the negative effects of humans.
This warming and expansion helps to lower the density of the air. Temperature ranges can also affect how a player grips a baseball, depending on how sweaty their hands are or if their fingers and cold and numb. Warmer air can also hold more water vapor. But at the same temperature, air with a higher relative humidity will be less dense. This is because as the temperature increases, water vapor displaces the heavier gases in the troposphere and the density per unit volume decreases.
Throughout the book 1984, by George Orwell, society was constantly being monitored and limited in their freedom. Orwell wrote this book to depict the most absolute and powerful totalitarian government. It showed people of his time how this could all be a possibility in the near future and the risks of accepting this form of control. He was able to create an extreme portrayal of the extent rulers would go to, to obtain total power over everyone. In the book, the government had set up a world of lies and deception, which people had to believe or else their life was at risk. However, there was Winston Smith, a unique man in this newly organized world that suppressed individualism. As the book progressed, the structure and plot of the story unveiled Orwells worry with the challenges Winston faced as he struggled to find the truth about the society he lived in.
...nd innocent villagers of My Lai, it was a time when American’s questioned their own as being “bad guys” or “good guys”. Were America’s tortuous and cruel acts to be considered patriotic or dishonorable? Some Americans, with bitter feelings for all the American lives lost in the Vietnam War, gave credit to Lieutenant Calley for leading troops in participating in such an atrocious event. History shows that there is still much debate on some facts of the massacre and many stories and opinions, although we will never know the facts exactly, what we do know is that America will never forget this tragic event, it will be talked about in American History for many years to come, and the Vietminh hearts will always fill with sadness when they think of the many lives that were lost on that tragic day in history, their minds will always have unspeakable memories of that day.
In the novel 1984, Orwell produced a social critique on totalitarianism and a future dystopia that made the world pause and think about our past, present and future. When reading this novel we all must take the time to think of the possibility that Orwell's world could come to pass. Orwell presents the concepts of power, marginalization, and resistance through physical, psychological, sexual and political control of the people of Oceania. The reader experiences the emotional ride through the eyes of Winston Smith, who was born into the oppressive life under the rule of Ingsoc. Readers are encouraged through Winston to adopt a negative opinion on the idea of communist rule and the inherent dangers of totalitarianism. The psychological manipulation and physical control are explored through Winston's journey, and with Winston's resistance and ultimate downfall, the reader is able to fully appreciate O'Briens reasoning, "Power is not a means, it is an end."
Recidivism is when a person who is released from prison and later in life relapses into a criminal behavior. They have been in prison more than once and keep going back to prison for another crime or reoffends such as a parole violation. The main reasons they go back are drugs, trouble finding employment, and being associated with criminal behavior. Released prisoners feel like society is just judging them because of their past. People do not want to hire them because of their background, thus causing them to have no money and not being able to financially support their family. When and if they find a job, some cannot escape drugs or the temptation of doing drugs. Instead of using their paycheck for the better of it, they use all the money
Surface current are found in the upper four hundred meters (400m) and makes up about ten percent (10%) of ocean (Briney, n.d.). Surface ocean currents are as a result of friction between the water and atmosphere interface. The wind exerts a force or stress to the ocean surface and causes the water to move. The winds that most affect the oceans’ currents are the Westerlies which produce belts of ocean currents that flow east in the mid-latitude and the Trade winds which generate currents that flow to the west in tropical latitudes. These winds are mainly a result of warm air from the tropics moving towards the poles. The direction of the current is not the same as the direction of the wind but it is deflected at a forty five degree angle. This deflection is resulted from the earth’s rotation on its axis called the Coriolis force/ effect. Coriolis force and constrains by continental land masses cause surface currents to develop into an alm...
The currents at the surface of the ocean are split in to two categories, tidal currents and surface currents. Tidal currents occur around land masses and are influenced mainly by the gravitational pull of our sun and moon. They change rapidly but predictably and contribute to surface currents. Surface currents occur over different areas of earth’s ocean. Two main factors affecting the surface currents are wind and the Coriolis Effect. The Coriolis Effect explains how the rotation of the earth seems to cause a deflection of anything moving above the earth’s surface. It is this effect that causes winds and water in the northern hemisphere to appear to deflect to the right and in the southern hemisphere to deflect to the left. One of the major surface currents is the Gulf Stream. Water in around the Caribbean is warmed by the sun and then carried north and east along the coast North America. These sun warmed waters release their stored energy into the westerly winds and Northern Europe benefits by having a much milder winter than t...
The process of conduction between a solid surface and a moving liquid or gas is called convection. The motion of the fluid may be natural or forced. If a liquid or gas is heated, its mass per unit volume generally decreases. If the liquid or gas is in a gravitational field, the hotter, lighter fluid rises while the colder, heavier fluid sinks. For example, when water in a pan is heated from below on my stove, the liquid closest to the bottom expands and its density decreases. The hot water as a result rises to the top and some of the cooler fluid descends toward the bottom, thus setting up a circulatory motion. This is also why the heating of a room by a radiator depends less on radiation than on natural convection currents, the hot air rising upward along the wall and cooler air coming back to the radiator from the side of the bottom. Because of the tendencies of hot air to rise and of cool air to sink, radiators are positioned near the floor and air-conditioning outlets near the ceiling for maximum efficiency.
An El Nino happens in intervals of 3-7 years. The formation of this is related to the Pacific Southern Oscillation which is also the cycling of the Pacific Ocean circulation. The Pacific Southern Oscillation (the change of atmospheric pressures) happens when the easterly trade winds collapse, weaken, or even reverse. As this happens, the upwelling stops. The slight weakening of the winds cause a small change in sea surface temperatures, and the wind and pressure changes increase. The warm water of the western Pacific Ocean flow eastward and sea surface temperatures increase on the western coast of South America. When this occurs, the wet weather conditions (originally in the western Pacific) move east, and dry conditions (normally in the east) appear in the west.
...e sun, this is of a longer wavelength and is absorbed by the atmosphere. The Earths atmosphere, thus acts like the glass of a green house, hence the 'greenhouse effect'.
atmosphere. If there is more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere more rays from the sun are
Of course, during the daylight hours only, solar energy is directly accessible. Depending on the weather conditions and the season, the intensity of the energy varies at different locations. The solar radiation that reaches the top atmosphere is equivalent to 1366W/m2. At the equator, the radiation that reaches the ground is about 1000W/m2. In the lower atmosphere, the energy is about 0.5 W/m2 due to the thicker atmosphere. Conditions like clouds, pollution and aerosols can also reduce the amount of radiation that reaches the ground. In North America, the average solar energy available varies from 3000 to 9000 Wh/m2 per day. In Northern Europe, solar energy varies from 2000 to 3000 Wh/m2 per day. In contrast, the tropics receive around 6000 Wh/m2 per day. There are a lot of different ways to use solar energy. Some technologies are used to produce heat from solar energy. Other technologies use solar energy to produce electricity.
The hemisphere tilted towards the sun has longer days and shorter nights while the hemisphere tilted away from the sun has shorter days and longer nights. The equator gets no seasonal changes because sunlight hits it at a constant angle. Geographical regions around the equator receive about 12 hours of sunlight every day. Earth’s tilt is said to have been created when an object the size of the moon collided with earth and skewed its rotation. This one sequence of an event made life on earth possible. The poles remain frozen because they are never, at a particular moment, facing the sun in any way. Another factor of climate is high elevation. Areas with extreme height or elevation, in general, are always cold. It doesn’t matter where on earth this region is, so long as it is greatly elevated, it will always be cold. The reason for elevated regions being so cold is that low pressures at higher altitudes cause temperatures to drop drastically compared to sea level. Plant life and most wildlife don’t appear in very high elevations. All types of plants stop growing at an approximate height of 10,000ft (Snyder 2008). This is because the conditions just can’t support plant’s needs to thrive.These are some of the major factors that affect climate around the