Encyclopedic knowledge is the knowledge that we have around a word. For example a bachelor, we know that a bachelor is a man, young, they date women and have exiting lifestyles (Ungerer & Schmid, 2006). On the other hand Aristotelian view on the mental lexicon is that words have a central core of essential meaning (Ungerer & Schmid, 2006). So if we want to find out the core in bachelor we could use the “that’s impossible test” (Ungerer & Schmid, 2006). Example: “Harry is a bachelor who has been married for 10 years.” The answer would most likely be “that’s impossible, bachelors can’t be married” This suggests that Unmarried is a core condition for bachelor. You would probably have the same response if you said “my aunt Emma is a bachelor”, …show more content…
The encyclopedic knowledge is very personal and differs between individuals and the personal aspect of words can differ between cultures. Using the bachelor example, everyone must agree that the person is not currently married (Core meaning aspect), but there might be considerable disagreement on whether a male who is unmarried, but still living with his parents, can still be considered a bachelor (Encyclopedic knowledge aspect). The number of core features will be limited, but the amount of encyclopedic knowledge one can know about a word is open-ended (Ungerer & Schmid, …show more content…
Aristotelian core in words are the same everywhere, while the encyclopedic core in words differs between individuals. Example the word Cat, the Aristotelian core in cat is that it has four legs, fur and meows. But my encyclopedic core in the word cat is that they are cozy, warm, drink milk and likes to play. While somebody else’s encyclopedic core in cat could be that they are mean, angry and non-social. The meaning of the word is not that cats are cozy and playful, but that they have four legs and meows. The meaning in the word dinosaur is that they lived long ago and often are big and scary, not that they are beautiful and grey. That is why the encyclopedic knowledge is not part of the meaning of a word. While the Aristotelian core in words are the meaning of the word. Encyclopedic knowledge is the knowledge we interpret from the world around us and our culture but also from our families and friends. The encyclopedic knowledge differs between every individual but also between borders and
The influence of Aristotle can be seen in almost every era of history that followed his death over 2300 years ago. In the Middle Ages thinkers used Aristotle’s work as a sort of “final authority on all sorts of issues” (Patterns, 141). In the 16th and 17th centuries philosophers had to first tackle...
In America, the variety of peoples and learning styles (kinesthetic, visual, auditory, to name a few) make determining how one goes about acquiring knowledge a daunting task. Language is the prevailing medium we use to impart and receive the information that we apply and add to our knowledge base. Since our language is somewhat arbitrary in its meanings, we require definitions so all members have the same (or nearly the same) understanding for the terminology used. We think of knowledge as definable and assessable. Yet knowledge is an ever changing and expanding notion. Look up the word “knowledge” in the dictionary and you will find not one, not two, but numerous definitions some of which are labeled archaic.
The movie “PRECIOUS KNOWLEDGE” is about the state of Arizona banning ethnic studies. The movie’s main focus is on Tucson High school, specifically the class known as the Mexican American/Raza Studies. They learned about the honest truths about America along with their own culture. However, many politicians saw this class as un-American and “Stalinist”. This movie showed that the students became thriving adults because they were able to learn about their own cultures. During a political meeting, many politicians felt like this was an unnecessary class that was wasting their tax dollars. One law maker goes as far to say that if Mexican Americans want to learn about their culture, they should go back to Mexico. Many people saw these Mexican American students as lazy and disinterested. This is related to the “canary in the mind pit” analogy because
Intuitively, “Aristotle” in the first sentence refers to Aristotle but “the teacher of Alexander the great” doesn’t necessarily refer to Aristotle (for example in a world in which Plato is the teacher of Alexander the great).
...comachea". Introduction to Aristotle. Ed. Richard McKeon. Trans.W.D. Ross. New York: Random House Incorporated, 1947.308-545.
One of the classic problems, and one of the most difficult to solve in Aristotelian philosophy, is that there is no text in which Aristotle explicitly states how the intellect manages to make 'intelligibles in actuality', that is, ideas. What he says in the fifth chapter of the third book of De Anima, instead of clarifying how man thinks, makes the intellectual process even more obscure, because the soul, as enteleceia of the body, is presented as one unit, but the mentioned text refers to two intellects, and one of them appears to be immortal, not human.
This was very common in medieval times in England, once married to a man, a woman and a man became a single person. (Crawford and Mendelson) What this really meant was the one p...
In both the Hellenistic era and the Renaissance had many scholars who were knowledgeable in subjects such as science, mathematics, astrology, philosophy, history, etc. For example, during the Hellenistic era Aristotle was the main expert in every field of knowledge except for mathematics (Perry, Western Civilization 56). In Aristotle’s History of Animals, Politics, and Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle addresses different problems in politics. One problem Aristotle addresses is where the sovereign power of the state should reside. Aristotle also discussed the idea of ethics and the role off ethics in politics. Also, Aristotle sought to determine what was the best constitution and in this article he ...
When one (presumably a proficient reader of English) comes across the term “read” apart from any context, one simply cannot be certain of what is meant by the word. Is it to be used in the past tense, as in a book was read, or used to discuss the future, as in one will read for class later tonight? Without the context, it is impossible to make this choice. The same could then be said for, say, proper names of the sort of “Aristotle.” When using the term, one could be using it to designate the student of Plato, which would have significance because the line of thought could be concerning how Aristotle came to have his ideas concerning philosophy, which certainly in part depends on his having been under the tutelage of Plato. Yet one could also be employing “Aristotle” to designate the teacher of Alexander the Great, which again would have significance if, say, one were discussing the views of Alexander the Great and the reasoning behind some of his actions, both of which could easily have been influenced by interactions with Aristotle. From either use of “Aristotle,” one would not necessarily even need to know the other use or what that use implies about Aristotle in order to successfully continue with either line of thought. In fact, one wouldn’t even (necessarily) derive the other use from the one actually being employed, even though “Aristotle” can correctly be used in both cases and even though Aristotle is in fact the same person being discussed in both cases. Furthermore, if it is not clear enough by the context as to which case of “Aristotle” is being employed in a particular instance of using either case of “Aristotle,” then confusion may arise. In turn, though, this could then lead to the discovery that the “Aristotle” which one thought was being used designates the same Aristotle that is
The authors of the essence of our being compares the body of knowledge as the “head, heart and soul” of family consumers science (Anderson, C. L., & Nickols, S. Y. 2004). The article also quotes that “Basic human needs are central to the concepts in the family and consumer sciences body of knowledge” (2004) but not everyone accumulates this basic human needs the text book defines as “food, clothes, shelter and relationships.” (Kato, S.L., & Elias, J.G. 2013) But in my opinion the two most important needs are food and cloths. It is accurate that Having a relationship is part of the process of evolution and through interaction a community is established, but in other to from this interaction we need means of survival, which is food and clothes, thence the article I chose for this research “Faith in Values: How to Reduce Poverty and Save Taxpayers $4.6 Billion Per Year” by Sally Steenland (3/19/2014) explains why certain people are unable to obtain this needs. The body of knowledge relates to this article because it shows specific issues that prevents people from getting basic needs. Due to poverty families’ break apart, communities fight over resources, overpopulation, and low paying wages. According to the article, people with high income do not like the fact that they are being taxed more to help those who are pay below minimum wage when the easiest option would be to increasing minimum wage. “I find it irritating that my tax dollars are subsidizing corporations whose wages are so low that their workers qualify for basic government assistance”(Steenland.S. 2014) if companies don’t want to increase income wage and the rich don’t want more taxes, then what happens to the middle man? How does he survive?
In the fourth century, Aristotle developed the first systematic set of ideas to describe the natural world, often referred to as Aristotelian physics. In his research, Aristotle made many discoveries dealing with the dynamics of motion. He believed that the natural motion of an object was primarily determined by the nature of the substance that made up the object, in terms of the four basic elements: earth, air, fire and water. Therefore, a stone, when released from the hand, fell to the ground because it was made of similar substance as the Earth. In a like manner, smoke rose into the sky because it wanted to be closer to the air and farther away from the Earth.
...Michael. "Aristotle: Some Key concepts." John Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory & Criticism (1994): 2 pars. 30 May 2006. http://www.sou.edu/English/Hedges/Sodashop/RCenter/Theory/People/aristotl.htm
At the inception of the evolution of written terminology, writing was exceedingly undeveloped, and only a small minority of the population appreciated its benefits. Writing gradually evolved to exhibit more sophisticated properties, and authors and writers became more deliberate and precise with their writing. An exemplification of this eloquent, perfected terminology originates from “The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire; “The whole engagement lasted above 12 hours, until the gradual retreat of the Persians was changed into a disorderly
8. Simpson, J. A., & Weiner, E. S. (1989). The Oxford English dictionary (2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press ;.
If someone told me today that the earth is the center of the universe, I would probably laugh about it. Because in 16th century, Galileo Galilei disproved this theory, state that the sun is the center of the universe. Knowledge defined as justified true belief, however much of what we claim today as knowledge is through discoveries and inventions. So to what extent can we justify the knowledge we accepted today to be true? Therefore, knowledge can be the information that is constantly updated and improved. With more research and evidence provided, our understanding and comprehension of the world around us can be changed. This essay will explore the issue in both natural science and history.