Emerging technology for diabetes: A review of Artificial Pancreas
explanatory Essay
1597 words
Introduction
The passage of time has led to a greater understanding of the management and treatment of Diabetes mellitus. Diabetes affects over 21 million Americans (U.S Government , 2006). Despite considerable progress in the treatments and technology for type1 diabetes including improved insulin pumps and accurate monitors, glycemic control goals often remain out of reach. The transition from simple urine sugar screening tests to sophisticated meters and reagent strips systems to monitor glucose has now emerged into a whole new perspective for diabetes treatment (S.F.CLARKE, 2012). Artificial Pancreas technology is an emerging and revolutionary development in diabetes care (Artificial Pancreas Project).
Artificial Pancreas Technology (AP)
The Artificial pancreas, known as the closed-loop control of blood glucose in diabetes is a transformational technology, which combines a continuous glucose monitor and an insulin pump with sophisticated computer software to provide the right amount of insulin at the right time (Claudio lobelli, 2011). The AP is based on an intelligent algorithm which constantly monitors the patient’s changing glucose levels to recalculate and deliver the required dose of insulin on its own, mimicking a healthy pancreas (Artificial Pancreas better treatment than pump for Diabetes: Study, 2013).
First generation systems will partially automate glucose controls, however eventually a fully automated, multi hormonal, dual chamber AP device capable of keeping blood glucose levels at specific levels will be developed (Artificial Pancreas). Current AP development has changed with the advent of smart phones and wireless technology and contains 4 main components such as (Idlebrrok, 2014), CGM sensor, CGM receiver,...
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... from Singluarity Hub: http://singularityhub.com/2013/09/28/fda-approves-artificial-pancreas-you-can-wear/
The artificial Pancreas- Current status and future prospects in the management of diabetes. (2014, may). Retrieved from Closerlook: http://closeconcerns.com/knowledgebase/r/dc263d1e
U.S Government . (2006). THE POTENTIAL OF AN ARTIFICIAL PANCREAS: IMPROVING CARE FOR PEOPLE WITH DIABETES. Retrieved from ttp://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate
U.S.FDA. (n.d.). Technical Challenges In Developing An Artificial Pancreas Device System. Retrieved from FDA: http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/HomeHealthandConsumer/ConsumerProducts/ArtificialPancreas/ucm259567.htm
Zisser, H. (2011, september). Clinical Hurdles and possible solutions in the implementation of closed-loop control in type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes science and technology .
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the passage of time has led to a greater understanding of the management and treatment of diabetes mellitus.
- Explains how a technology like ap would monitor and dispense insulin throughout the day and night to maintain healthy blood sugar levels. it would be helpful overnight when 50-70% hypoglycemic emergencies occur.
- Explains technical hurdles that occur during the implementation of an artificial pancreas are mainly associated with the three major individual components of the device.
- Explains that animal studies are now replaced by in-silico experiments, which involves mathematical modeling and computer simulation. they provide valuable information about the safety and limitation of the closed loop control algorithm used for pre-clinical studies.
- Explains that artificial pancreas is developed to transform the quality of the lives of millions of people with diabetes, especially type 1 diabetes. glucose monitoring devices are expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (cagr).
- Explains the 7th international conference on artificial pancreas technology and treatments for diabetes.
- Explains that artificial pancreas better treatment than pump for diabetes: study. retrieved from ctv news : my health.
- Describes the artificial pancreas, which combines a continuous glucose monitor and an insulin pump with sophisticated computer software to provide the correct amount of insulin at the right time.
- Explains that current technologies for managing type1 diabetes are inadequate than the emerging artificial pancreas technology, which combines cgm and insulin pump through a control algorithm.
- Opines that more research and advances in the sensor technologies will help cgm to more accurately and quickly measure blood glucose levels and resist bio fouling and fibrosis.
- Opines that the safety challenge is to avoid controller overreaction, which leads to hypoglycemia, especially in late post-prandial period.
- Explains the fda's guidance on the development and approval pathway for an artificial pancreas. the closed-loop system may be qualified for eap (expedited approval process).
- Recommends that the apds (artificial pancreas device system) be studied in two general phases, feasibility (early and later) and pivotal studies.
- Cites claudio lobelli, e. r. (2011). artificial pancreas: past, present, future.
- Explains that artificial pancreas may be just a few years away. the fda proposes new expedited access process for medical devices that address unmet medical needs.
- States that the first u.s. outpatient artificial pancreas trial receives fda approval. scott, c., and zisser, h.
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In this essay, the author
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- Opines that the discovery of insulin to be used as a treatment for diabetics has changed the lives of many people around the world.
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- Cites ferguson, pamela, "sir frederick grant banting." world book's biographical encyclopedia of scientists.
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