An elevator is a mechanism for moving people and freight from level to level in a building or any other structure. The first elevator-like structure was built in 236 BC by the
Archimeds. This construction was a hoist operated by ropes and pulleys. However, the first pragmatic elevator was not developed until the 19th century. Though sensible, this elevator has been modified many times throughout the course of history and is still updated with all of the new advancements in math and technology. From the start of the production of elevators through today, there have been numerous and boundless improvements made on their structure and how they operate: all due to the advancement of mathematics and technology.
The first elevator developed was known as a manual elevator. This system of elevators used “relay logic”. Relay logic was a simple wiring based on circuits. This type of elevator did not transfer people from one level to another, only cargo. *****
The second type of elevators was developed in the 1800s. These elevators were powered by steam. At first, these elevators were used solely to transport freight in factories and ore in mines. Unfortunately, these elevators required a safety device to restrain the elevator from dropping if it’s supporting cable broke, and this had not been invented yet. Eventually, this necessity was discerned and acted upon. In 1852, Elisha
Graves Otis designed the first safety contrivance for elevators. This device was a system involving spring-operated cams that affianced the guide rails in the elevator shaft when the cable broke. This secured the elevator from subsiding which enabled steam powered elevators to be used for transporting people along with cargo. This new use was caused by the precautions taken in improving the safety of steam powered elevators. It was first used for people in 1857 in New York’s own ‘Haughwout’ department store. This edifice was driven by steam power: unlike the manual elevator it had the capability of transporting people from floor to floor. Though this was a major amplification in the manufacturing of elevators, technology and mathematics were still improving allowing for even more types of ameliorated elevators to take the place of those already produced.
As mathematics advanced, the third type of elevators was formulated. This being the hydraulic elevator was the first practical elevator with semblance to those of today’s time. The concept of hydraulics is somewhat based on Pascal’s Law. This stated that pressure exerted upon a liquid is transmitted in all directions at the same magnitude. This was theorized sometime in the mid-17th century yet it’s capability of advancing and
Toyota Sienna comes with the “in-floor” system that VMI is known for. As opposed to a "fold-out"-style ramp, the in-floor unit is placed between the passenger floor and the bottom of the vehicle. The main advantage of an in-floor ramp is that it doesn't intrude into the passenger area of the van when stowed, which leaves more room for the passengers. Additionally, it protects the vehicle from moisture. This controls system is very easy to use and there are three buttons that will open the passenger-side sliding door and deploy the ramp at the same time: one on the keyfob, the other near the door in the rear passenger area, and one on the vehicle's center....
The rail systems put into place in Chicago have always been a major factor in freight transportation. The city provides a centralized hub for the railways throughout the country. After a long run the system is bound to find flaws as old technologies are passed by new ones. The existing railroad structures have in time taken a toll over the years of service. “The railroad system of Chicago has been around for a long time now. After many years it has gone past time time of despair. With the new project it is hoping to bring the popularity back to where it once was” (Chicago Transit Renovation to Improve Service). This update needed will guide Chicagos railroad system into the future. The city also has to take a look on how it is going to keep up with the constant increase of railcars on their tracks. With the new technologies of the future Chicago can only make their infrastructure better. The aim is to stay on time with the railcars to diminish the amount of overcrowding presented in the old rail systems in Chicago.
At the time, New York City was the factory headquarters for America, but the Big Apple did well to hide their industrial side. The city did its best to keep up the facade that everything was glitz and glam. These factories, each with hundreds of workers inside, were loft buildings that were never designed to house factories. They were made in an attempt to save money on electricity and insurance, which worked because the lofts were “fireproof”. The structure of the building also allowed for more to packed into a smaller place due to taller ceilings. Another crucial design flaw in the loft factories were the exits. There was only one narrow hallway for the workers to exit. This was to ensure the workers (women especially) were not stealing
...al questions, an extended metaphor, and allusion, she persuades her audience to try and break down their insecurities in order to create a rich lifestyle for them. However, gender stereotypes have been and always will be prevalent in society. As she states in the essay, “Indeed it will be a long time still, I think, before a woman can sit down to write a book without finding a phantom to be slain, a rock to be dashed against.” It has been shown that she was correct, seeing as women are still discriminated against in a number of professions. If a woman states, for example, that she wishes to be a mechanic, or possibly even an electrician, many men and other women will likely snort at the idea and think of it as a ridiculous joke. Even though society has come a long way over the years, it will still be an even longer amount of time before women can finally feel equal.
The story, Gang Leader for a Day by Sudhir Venkatesh, is a ethnographic study of a Black King Gang in the Robert Taylor community. Venkatesh accidentally stumbles upon the gang lead by J.T. and decided to study them. Throughout his journey he learns from the violence and illegal activity he witnesses that “in the projects it’s more important that you take care of the problem first. Then you worry about how you took care of it”’ (Venkatesh. 2008:164). He witnesses beatings, selling of illegal drugs, and exploitation of residents; but he also gained a lot of knowledge about the community. He works with J.T. and Ms. Bailey, the community leader, closely through his study. J.T. has taken a sociology class and he allows Venkatesh to shadow the gang
For my final paper I choose to sociologically analyze the book Gang Leader for a Day: A Rogue Sociologist Takes to the Streets by Sudhir Venkatesh. Newsweek describes Gang Leader for a Day as being “Compelling…dramatic…Venkatesh gives readers a window into a way of life that few Americans understand.” (Newsweek) Gang Leader for a Day tells the story of a young sociologist named Sudir Venkatesh and his search for answers to poverty problems in the urban projects. After being constantly warned of which areas not to visit, Venkatesh decided to ignore all the forewarnings and goes and walks into Lake Park Projects, to conduct surveys for his professor. On his trip into the projects Venkatesh ends up meeting a gang leader named J.T. After spending the night in the projects Venkatesh is allowed to leave after J.T. states “You shouldn’t go around asking them silly-a** questions —- With people like us, you should hang out, get to know what they do, how they do it. No one is going to answer questions like that .You need to understand how young people live on the streets.” (2008 : 21) From that day on Venkatesh would come to end up befriending J.T and spending almost all of his time in the projects. It isn’t until J.T gets relocated to the notorious Robert Taylor Housing that the real study begins. Over the next seven years Venkatesh would not only gather information from J.T but, also befriend everyone from the other neighborhood dealers, crackheads, squatters, prostitutes, pimps, activists, cops, organizers, and officials. Through his time spent with the residents and officials of the Robert Taylor Homes Venkatesh not only was able to gain insight on the day to day life of...
to replace the IBM machine. In the 1960s and the 1970s IBM came out quickly and built a
Gang Leader for a Day by Sudhir Venkatesh is an ethnographic study of a Black King Gang in the Robert Taylor community. Venkatesh accidentally stumbles upon the gang lead by J.T. and decided to study him and the gang. J.T. is familiar with sociology because he a taken a sociology class so he allows Venkatesh to shadow and document the gang which includes the way J.T. uses violence to maintain his power. Venkatesh also worked with Ms. Bailey, the community leader. She helps him learn how she solves problems, the impact of her power and affiliation with the gang, and how to extort money out of the community members. In his journey Venkatesh learns from the violence and illegal activity he witnesses that “in the projects it’s more important that
Consumption of 1000–1500 mg per day is associated with a condition known as caffeinism. Caffeinism usually combines caffeine dependency with a wide range of unpleasant physical and mental conditions including nervousness, irritability, restlessness, insomnia, headaches, and heart palpitations after caffeine use. Caffeine blocks the neurotransmitter adenosine, which acts as an inhibitor of the other neurotransmitters. “When adenosine flows normally through the brain, it slows down the brain and body… When adenosine is blocked, the brain and body become more alert and active (Marcovitz 33).” Caffeine from coffee or other beverages is absorbed by the small intestine within 45 minutes of ingestion and then distributed throughout all tissues of the body. Peak blood concentration is reached within one hour. The biological half-life of caffeine the time required for the body to eliminate one-half of the total amount of caffeine varies widely among individuals according to such factors as age, liver function, pregnancy, some concurrent medications, and the level of enzymes in the liver needed for caffeine metabolism. It can also be significantly altered by drugs or hormonal states. In healthy adults, caffeine's half-life has been measured with a ra...
of transport for people and goods; people have been able to transport goods and products
Caffeine is the single most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the United States (Einöther & Giesbrecht, 2013). According to Einöther and Giesbrecht (2013), 80% of the world’s population consumes caffeinated products every day, with coffee and tea being the primary sources. In the recent years, the demand for
The purpose of testing and finding the amount of caffeine in tea is to help people better their choice of tea. Caffeine causes high risk in blood pressure so testing the amount of caffeine in tea can help reduce the amount of caffeine that is being intaked. When drinking caffeine become a daily beverage the human body begins to rely on caffeine to stay away and working so testing the caffeine can help tea drinkers choose the right tea, which is the one with the lowest caffeine. Many people enjoy tea but testing this experiment will help realize what substances are contained in tea. More than 80% percent of society drinks beverages with caffeine, but this experiment will help America make a better choice in what they drink and enjoy beverages that doesn’t have as much caffeine (Demand Media,2010).
Have you ever wondered if there could possibly be overwhelming obstacles in the way of someone being truly successful in life? Some may witness friends or loved ones not developing to their fullest potential in their profession because of these unobtainable obstacles holding them back. In “Professions for Women,” by Virginia Woolf, Woolf gives a speech to a group of women explaining why they must overcome certain things in order to be successful in their future professional careers. In speaking to this group of determined young women, Woolf explains how horrendous it may be to have your own thoughts or beliefs while living in a society said to be dominated by males. She
Ever since the invention of the wheel, transportation has improved in many areas. Safety, comfort, and travel speed are a few of these areas in which transportation has improved. There is a big difference in the safety, comfort and travel speed of transportation in the 1800's compared to the 1900's.
In the Broadview Anthropology of Expository Prose, Buzzard et al. describe Virginia Woolf’s essay “Professions for Women” as a “lecture to a society of professional women” (100). As a queer writer, Woolf’s voice during the 1930’s received much attention, along with praise and criticism. Woolf’s fight for women’s empowerment and gender equality are evident throughout her essay, and as of now, in the 21st century, it is unequivocal that Woolf saw herself as a feminist. However, as Woolf writes her “Professions for women” she makes use of the blanket terms “the woman” and “herself” to refer to a general professional woman. It leads us to question who the woman really is: which kinds of individuals are included in and excluded from Woolf’s filtered view of women. How does