Element Research: Silicon
Gianna Valle
Chemistry Honors
Mr. Tagami
December 28, 2014
Table of contents
Page 1- Title Page
Page 2- Table of Contents
Page 3- History of Silicon
Page 4- Uses and Composition;
Page 5- Key Isotopes; Physical Properties
Page 6- Chemical Properties; Occurrence in Nature
Page 7- Dimitri Mendeleev and the Periodic Table
Page 8- Periodic Trends
Page 9- Different Types of Periodic Tables
Page 10- Stoichiometry and Chemical Bonds
Page 11- Gas Laws & States of Matter
Page 11- Work Cited Page
History of Silicon In 1824, J.J. Berzelius discovered an amazing element thats in so many things today that many people do not even know they're using it. Silicon. Silicon was discovered by Berzelius
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There are six main periodic trends: -Electronegativity Trend: chemical property; describing an atoms ability to attract and bind to electrons. -Ionization Energy: the amount of energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom -Electron affinity trends: ability of an atom to accept an electron -Atomic radius trends: one-half of the distance between the nuclei is the same as the radius of a circle -Melting Point Trends: the amount of energy required to break a bond to change a substance from a solid to a liquid -Metallic Character Trends: the metallic character of an element can be defined as how redly an atom can lose an electron
Periodic Trends
Different Types of Periodic Tables There are many different types of periodic tables. The following three are examples:
The ADOMAH periodic table is based on the electron's quantum numbers
Rota Period- based on valence of the various elements
Left Step Periodic Table- organized elements according to orbital filling
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<http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_states.html>
"Gas Laws." Gas Laws. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Jan. 2015.
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Primo Levi’s personal relationship to his profession as a chemist shows that philosophically and psychologically, he is deeply invested in it. His book THe PeriOdic TaBLe shows that his methodology cannot be classified as either purely objective or purely subjective. He fits into the definition of dynamic objectivity given by Evelyn Fox Keller in her book Reflections on Gender and Science.
Just as the title of the chapter suggests, the main focus of Chapter 11 is how elements found on the Periodic Table are not always what they appear. Kean begins this chapter with describing how elements can be unpredictable in some conditions, and uses example from the past to...
Although some of the elements have been known for thousands of years, our understanding of many elements is still young. Mendeleev’s first Periodic Table contained only 63 elements, and about that many were discovered in the following 100 years. Just like countries, emperors, philosophers, and cities, elements have histories, too.“The Disappearing spoon” by Sam Kean, is a detailed history of the elements on the Periodic Table. Kean does a important job of telling every single element’s journey throughout the history of mankind: from the earliest times, when chemistry was intermingled with alchemy, to these days of modern chemistry. For example: Thallium is considered the deadliest element, pretending to be potassium to gain entry into our cells where it then breaks amino acid bonds within proteins. The CIA once developed a plan to poison Fidel Castro by dosing his socks with thallium-tainted
Strontium was discovered by Adair Crawford, an Irish chemist, in 1790 while studying the mineral witherite (BaCO3). When he mixed witherite with hydrochloric acid (HCl), he did not get the results he expected. He assumed that his sample of witherite was contaminated with an unknown mineral, a mineral he named strontianite (SrCO3). Strontium was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy, an English chemist, in 1808 through the electrolysis of a mixture of strontium chloride (SrCl2) and mercuric oxide (HgO). Strontium reacts vigorously with water and quickly tarnishes in air, so it must be stored out of contact with air and water. Due to its extreme reactivity to air, this element always naturally occurs combined with other elements and compounds. Strontium is very
Heavy metal music has developed greatly ever since it was created in the late 1960’s, evolving into large and varied categories of subgenres. It is not uncommon for types of metal to be confused for one another despite their distinct differences. There are hundreds of subgenres, but three of them will be discussed, the bluesy and distorted doom metal, the fast and fantastical power metal, and the ill reputed black metal.
In 1907, Einstein used Planck’s hypothesis of quantization to explain why the temperature of a solid changed by different amounts if you put the same amount of heat into the material. Since the early 1800’s, the science of spectroscopy had shown that different elements emit and absorb specific colors of light called “spectral lines.” In 1888, Johannes Rydberg derived an equation that described the spectral lines emitted by hydrogen, though nobody could explain why the equation worked. This changed in 1913 when Danish physicist Niel Bohr applied Planck’s hypothesis of quantization to Ernest Rutherford’s 1911 “planetary” model of the atom, which affirmed that electrons orbited the nucleus the same way that planets orbit the sun. Bohr offered an explanation for why electrical attraction does not make the electrons spiral into the nucleus. He said that electrons in atoms can change their energy only by absorbing or emitting quanta. When an electron absorbs a quantum it moves quickly to orbit farther from nucleus. When an electron emits a quantum the electron jumps to a closer
Discovered in 1808 by J.L. Gay-Lussac and L.J. Thenard in Paris, France, and Sir Humphry Davy in London, England, boron is element number five on the Periodic Table of the Elements. The name "boron" comes from the Arabic "buraq" (pronounced borax). The actual element boron is not commonly used, but compounds of boron are very common. These compounds can be found in such household items as detergent. Boron is also used in Pyrex glass, which makes the glass more heat resistant. Boron is also an essential mineral for plants and animals, although it can be toxic in large quantities (Chemsoc 1). Boron has many common uses, but there are also many advantages to using it as and alternative form of fuel.
However, it can also be located in the in the bulk of the silicon both
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Rutherford - Atomic Theory. (n.d.). Rutherford - Atomic Theory. Retrieved December 5, 2013, from http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/timeline/pages
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