The circuit described below was used for the U6 model, the U12 circuit was the same, utilising the equivalent voltage sourcing and measuring terminals.
Voltage was sourced from the DAC0 digital to analogue converter output terminal and applied to the series circuit comprised of the DUT, a shunt resistor and a ground terminal. The shunt resistor was a known value resistor which was used in order to measure the current in the circuit, as the LabJack had no in built capacity for such measurement. This was done by measuring the voltage across it using the analogue input AIN1, with respect to ground. From this voltage, ohms law was then used to calculate current. The voltage across the DUT was similarly measured using AIN0 and AIN1.
Voltage was dropped across each component as described by Kirchhoff series circuit law. It was established in the first term that drawing the maximum possible voltage across the device being tested required making the shunt resistance as low as possible. However too great a variation between the two resistances resulted in a decrease in voltage resolution. Conversely increasing the shunt resistance to equivalent or greater value to that of the device under test increased voltage resolution but at the cost of a decreased maximum voltage that could be dropped over the DUT.
Additionally a problem which principally occurred using the U12 model was that, due to the lower input impedance, lowering the total series resistance of the circuit too far (this problem was first encountered when using a 1Ω shunt and measuring an 11Ω DUT) results in a lowering of the possible current resolution of the setup below the size of the increments being passed through the circuit.
These effects could be compensated for by...
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... the manufacturer) resistor, utilising a 10KΩ shunt resistor taken at room temperature.
Figure 8- 1.8KΩ resistor I(V) Characteristic utilising a 10KΩ shunt resistor taken at room temperature.
The gradient of this plot gives; via ohms law, an average resistance of 1.75KΩ, well within the manufacturers tolerance, and within 3% of the 1802±0.005Ω as measured using a professional multimeter. It is worth noting however, that whilst the average value of resistance was a good match to measured values, initial data points during the sweep give variance from this average of up to 40% and so a lengthy sweep is required for this characteristic in even linear resistors. The voltage dropped over the device under test was largely determined by the relative resistances in the circuit, and so the functions outlined in Sections 3.1 and 3.2 are an integral part of this calculation.
UV-254 nm, 15 V, 60 Hz, 0.16 A). Masses were taken on a Mettler AE 100. Rotary
The first method of insuring a correct reading is obtained is through using one wattmeter on a balanced load. Using this on an unbalanced load will lead to an inaccurate reading for power. To complete this method a reading with a wattmeter connected from a single line to neutral via the voltage probes and in line with the line on the current probes. By multiplying the value of the wattmeter by three the total system power is found.
Testing was performed at 23 ºC under the condition of 0% RH at 1 atm with the standard of ASTM D3985. Measurements were taken at three times and the average value was calculated. All specimens were conditioned at ambient conditions.
Above is the view for the analog switch we will be using. This analog switch has 8 pins but for our purposes, we will be using pins 3 and pin 6 so the switch could receive the signal of any wetness that has been detected. The other pins that we will be using from this switch are the output pins which are pins 1 and 8 in the circuit above. These output pins will be connected to the next part of the experiment which is the encoder. [2]
It was also possible to simulate ED system after the electric resistances of the equivalent circuit were obtained from the analysis of the time course of PaCl. The simulation results agreed with ED data very well.
We must first begin the today’s lab by connecting the thermometer that digitally detects surrounding temperature to the Lab Pro Interface located on the computer via...
Oscilloscope is acquainted as one of the most helpful instrument for testing circuits. It is able to show the signals at different points in the circuit. One way to inves...
Referring to Figure 2., also notice that the average observed membrane voltage in the DEM
For any electric circuit, which consists of various passive elements (i.e. resistors, capacitors and inductors) the behaviour of the whole circuit to an applied ac voltage, is dependent upon both the behaviour of individual elements, and also on their arrangement in the circuit with respect to each other. If a dc direct voltage is applied to the elements that comprise the equivalent circuit, the resulting current can be measured using Ohms law.
it to a 5V power supply as a more convenient way of measure. As the
So, participant should provide several questions to the “the learner” and when this one failed they have to send a shock of electricity, they would increase the volts throughout the experiment from 15 to 450 volts.
it seemed to be closer to test tube 1 therefore I estimated it to be
The Pros and Cons of Tracking Devices. What is this world coming to? When most of us think of tracking devices, they think of primarily negative issues. But that has all changed now.
Basic weight volume relationships are used to develop the equation for the ZAV line. Recall that: