In the wake of computer hacking, Congress began passing legislation that criminalized such activities. Unfortunately, RATs were not considered when many of the legislation was written. Thus, many jurisdictions began and continue to develop laws against webcam hacking and illegally implanting malware on computers without the knowledge or consent of the user. Additionally, there are federal law that seek to prevent and punish such activities depending on the specific circumstances of the incident. Webcam spying or hacking raises privacy concerns and constitutional issues that the law has attempted to answer with the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (“ECPA”), amending the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (“CFAA”), and addressing the Fourth Amendment right to privacy.
Under the ECPA, it is illegal and criminal to intentionally or attempt to intercept a wire, oral, or electronic communication without authorization. With respect to webcam hacking, the ECPA makes it illegal to collect images and sound or video recordings from a user’s webcam because this is
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However, the ECPA is not alone adequate enough for legal protection against webcam hacking because it only pertains to interceptions of in progress communications and does not cover or account for the unauthorized creation of the access or connection or the RAT that allows the hacker to gain unauthorized access. For that, the CFAA provides more adequate legal protection to individual users.
The CFAA was Congress’s attempt at criminalizing computer fraud and abuse was with the Comprehensive Crime Control Act (1984). The act was very narrow and only sought to protect government interests. This Act was later amended and is now referred to as the CFAA. Under the CFAA, intentionally accessing a computer
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 can be termed as a major overhaul of the communications law in the past sixty-two years. The main aim of this Act is to enable any communications firm to enter the market and compete against one another based on fair and just practices (“The Telecommunications Act 1996,” The Federal Communications Commission). This Act has the potential to radically change the lives of the people in a number of different ways. For instance it has affected the telephone services both local and long distance, cable programming and other video services, broadcast services and services provided to schools. The Federal Communications Commission has actively endorsed this Act and has worked towards the enforcement and implementation of the various clauses listed in the document. The Act was basically brought into existence in order to promote competition and reduce regulation so that lower prices and higher quality services for the Americans consumers may be secured.
Abstract: This paper provides an analysis of the privacy issues associated with governmental Internet surveillance, with a focus on the recently disclosed FBI tool known as Carnivore. It concludes that, while some system of surveillance is necessary, more mechanisms to prevent abuse of privacy must exist.
Currently there are no adequate laws regulating the use of such cameras, and it is
The documentary Rise of the Hackers, focuses on the rising criminal use of hacking and how it is effecting multiple areas of technology. The documentary describes simple and complicated situations concerning hacking, but there still questions that must be answered when it comes to hacking and crime. The main question is in trying to determine why a person would choose to commit computer hacking. There are various theories already present within the criminal justice system that may explain at a micro-level and macro-level. These theories would explain why offenders would commit the crimes, but it may not answer the full scope of the question. The Routine Activities Theory would help to explain why offenders offend, why victims are victimized,
There are different types of computer crimes that many people become victims of every day. Computer crime is any crime that involves a computer and a network. The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target ("Computer Crime: Chapter 2: What Are the Crimes? ", n.d.) - " Crimes such as data diddling, pump and dump, social engineering and spoofing are computer crimes. Even though these crimes are difficult due to privacy issues, the new technology has made investigations and prosecutions well organized and effective.
The emergence of new and innovative technology can be used in many deceitful or secretive ways by law enforcement agencies to convict a suspect. The Fourth Amendment of the Bill of Rights has had a large influence in regulating the ways that law enforcement agencies may use technology against the everyday citizen. Technology can be used to obtain information on an individual without the individual being aware of the invasion of their privacy: e-mail accounts can be hacked, IP addresses can be traced, phones can be tapped and tracked, cars can be bugged.
Domestic Surveillance Citizens feeling protected in their own nation is a crucial factor for the development and advancement of that nation. The United States’ government has been able to provide this service for a small tax and for the most part it is money well spent. Due to events leading up to the terrifying attacks on September 11, 2001 and following these attacks, the Unites States’ government has begun enacting certain laws and regulations that ensure the safety of its citizens. From the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) of 1978 to the most recent National Security Agency scandal, the government has attempted and for the most part succeeded in keeping domestic safety under control. Making sure that the balance between obtaining enough intelligence to protect the safety of the nation and the preservation of basic human rights is not extremely skewed, Congress has set forth requisites in FISA which aim to balance the conflicting goals of privacy and security; but the timeline preceding this act has been anything but honorable for the United States government.
Ever since day one, people have been developing and creating all sorts of new methods and machines to help better everyday life in one way or another. Who can forget the invention of the ever-wondrous telephone? And we can’t forget how innovative and life-changing computers have been. However, while all machines have their positive uses, there can also be many negatives depending on how one uses said machines, wiretapping in on phone conversations, using spyware to quietly survey every keystroke and click one makes, and many other methods of unwanted snooping have arisen. As a result, laws have been made to make sure these negative uses are not taken advantage of by anyone.
The CFAA was made to cover the majority of computer crimes. The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act was created because the United States Secret Service, and other government agencies needed a law to allow them to investigate cyber-crimes. The United States government also needed a way to discourage and stop people from hacking, accessing data, and many other internet crimes from a government computer. With computers on the rise, and the government converting to computers, the government needed a way to discourage and prosecute someone that damaged or gained access to the government’s information, and any other kind of computer. This law was also made to protect any kind of businesses computers or servers. The CFAA also is considered a net that Congress throws all the bad fish in. Including “fraud, hacking, piracy, DOS (Denial of Service) attacks, trafficking passwords, (selling, stealing, and buying passwords), and distributing malicious code.” To summarize the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act it protects “anything that connects to the internet”.
With webcams built-in to nearly every computer, people may unknowingly be watched and monitored. Searches are monitored on the Internet as some key words lead to suspicion and then lead to a careful watch over the person. At nineteen eighty-four, the similarities between our current society and Oceana’s is quite noticeable. For Oceana, the telescreens can be viewed as today’s webcams, as they monitor, listen, and record anything it is able to pick up. This has already occurred in North Korea.
Many people view video cameras as an invasion of privacy. People think that if they are being recorded, these recordings could be misused. However, in most cases of recording the safety the cameras provide is more important than the possibility of misuse. Misuse of information is also possible on the internet. Any employer can look up an employee or future employee’s profile if his or her name is linked to it. This is not an invasion of privacy, but can be if it is used as discrimination.
Cyber threats have evolved and grown in nature, and complexity, in recent decades; and the intensity increases with each passing day. With advances in technology growing by leaps and bounds, cyber laws become even more important due to ethical and Biblical principles, and the very real threat to mankind.
Created for communication, the internet, both the world wide web and the deep web, is the greatest way to transmit information between multiple platforms. The exponential growth of the internet only increased its use in the world, with a myriad of digital services, like the media, articles, forums, and entertainment and social platforms, especially twitter, youtube, facebook, and multiplayer gaming, using it as a vehicle for communication and spreading information, and possibly also influence. The uses of the Internet is good to know, sure, but what does it have to do with the concept of privacy? Today, the involvement of the internet with privacy gets quite convoluted, and countless issues, successes, controversies, and terrors have occurred
Hacking is strongly unjustified by individuals due to it being illegal activity. Laws relating to computer hacking vary depending on every region. However, there is a predominance of hacking being illegal in a majority of countries. Broadly speaking, it is illegal to hack into computer systems and networks since it involves accessing information with authorisation. This is a form of invasion of privacy and data breach, automatically making the activity unlawful. From ‘Computer Crime: American Hacking, federal police’, it is stated that computer intrusion, unauthorised modification and destruction of data comes with penalties under the state law. These range from class B misdemeanour (a fine) to class B felony (five years in prison). This validates that in most cases, due to the trespassing of computers and networks and data rupture, hacking is strongly considered as unvirtuous due to it being illegal
Say like you in a parking lot and you minding your own business and people “think” your doing something illegal and you get falsely accused those cameras can help you in a good time but say if you were on the phone and the cameras had sound or a microphone to capture sound and here you over the phone t...