Electrolysis Investigation
Aim: How the concentration of brine affects the conduction of
electricity
Background Information:
Electrolysis: Metals that are more reactive than carbon are extracted
by electrolysis.
Electrolysis is the break down of a substance by electricity.
Electrolysis only occurs in when an ionic substance is molten or is in
solution. A substance that can be electrolysed is called an
electrolyte. Electrolytes are made up of ions. Electrolytes need to be
molten or in solution, so that the ions present are free to move.
Ionic compounds have high melting points, so it is often easier to
electrolyse the solution of the ionic compound.
When the electrodes are connected to a source of direct current one,
called the cathode, becomes negatively (-) charged while the other,
called the anode, becomes positively (+) charged. The positive ions in
the electrolyte will move toward the cathode and the negatively
charged ions toward the anode. This migration of ions through the
electrolyte constitutes the electric current in that part of the
circuit. The migration of electrons into the anode, through the wiring
and an electric generator, and then back to the cathode constitutes
the current in the external circuit.
Concentration: The concentration of a mixture also effects the rate of
reaction. An increase in concentration means there are more particles.
More particles means there will be more collisions. This should
increase the reaction rate.
Concentration may be expressed in a number of ways. The simplest
statement of the concentrations of the components of a mixture is in
terms of their percentages by weight or volume.
Apparatus List: Power Pack,Electrodes, Beakers, Sodium Chloride,
Spatula, Water, Measuring Cylinder, Ammeter, Weighing Scales
Diagram:
Fair Test:
This will be a fair test because I will be using the same electrodes,
weighing machine; measuring cylinder and volume of water, and the same
voltage (8) on the same power pack each time the experiment is
performed. The only thing that will be changing is the variable - the
The important parameters of a cyclic voltammogram are the magnitudes of anodic peak current (ipa), the cathodic peak current (ipc), the anodic peak potential (Epa) and cathodic peak potential (Epc). The basic shape of the current verses potential response for a cyclic voltammetry experiment as shown (Fig. 1.2). At the start of the experiment, the bulk solution contains only the oxidized form of the redox couple so that at potenials lower than the redox potential, i.e. the initial potential, there is no net conversion of oxidized species (O) into reduced species (R) (point A). As redox potential is approached, there is net cathodic current which increases exponentially with potential. As O is converted to R, concentration gradients are set up for both O and R, and diffusion occurs down these concentration gradients. At the cathodic peak (point B), the redox potential is sufficiently negative that any O that reaches the electrode surface is instantaneously reduced to R. Therefore,
An electrode is a component of an electric circuit that connects the conventional wiring of the circuit to a conducting medium such as an electrolyte or a gas. The electrically positive electrode is called the anode and the negative electrode the cathode. If an anode and a cathode are placed in a solution of an electrolyte and a source of direct current is connected between them, the positive ions in the
Blister copper then goes through the fire refining and then cast into copper anodes and placed in an electrolytic cell. Each copper anode is placed in a tank made of concrete. A sheet of copper is placed on the opposite end of the concrete tank to become the cathode or the negative terminal. An acidic copper sulfate solution is then poured into the concrete tanks; this forms the e...
Metals contain a sea of electrons (which are negatively charged) and which flow throughout the metal. This is what allows electric current to flow so well in all metals. An electrode is a component of an electric circuit that connects the wiring of the circuit to a gas or electrolyte. A compound that conducts in a solution is called an electrolyte. The electrically positive electrode is called the anode and the negative electrode the cathode.
The concentration is the amount of particles in a certain amount of water. If a cross is placed under the beaker of the solution, the cross will eventually disappear because the high temperature of the water will make the particles move faster because they have more energy and they will move more quicker to give a bigger impact which will cause more frequent and violent collisions and the solution will disappear as the product forms to create a misty solution. The rate of reaction is normally recorded in tables and can then be defined onto graphs to show how the rate curves of different factors affect the speed of the reaction. A rate curve is the curve of a graph that shows how the reaction changes at different intervals.
Electrolysis is the only permanent hair removal methods that can help you achieve and maintain a smooth, hair-free beautiful aspects. This is a convenient, low-Charge strategy to refresh your image, increase your confidence and enhance Your enjoyment of life everyday.
Static Electricity was first mentioned in 600B.C, and since then Electricity has been re-invented in so many different ways.
Neutralization Experiment AIM:- To investigate how heat is given out in neutralizing sodium hydroxide (NaOH) using different concentrations of Hydrochloric Acid. Background Information:- Substances that neutralize acids are called alkalis. An acid is a substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+ ) when placed in water. It can also be described as a proton donor as it provides H+ ions. An example of an acid is hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) etc.
The definition of Electromotive force is the electric potential generated by an electrochemical cell or a changing magnetic field. Electromotive force is also known by the acronym emf, EMF, a cursive letter E or the SI unit that is used for electromotive force, volts. (http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryglossary/g/Electromotive-Force-Definition.htm)
It is highly beneficial to be able to calculate the concentration of a saturated solution. Indeed, knowledge of the concentration is required to calculate solute solubility and if precipitates will form when the solution is mixed with other reagents. This has many applications in industrial processes. For these reasons, this experiments aims to determine the concentration of a saturated barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) solution by conductometric titration and gravimetric analysis. Conductometric titration involve examining the change in Ba(OH)2 (aq) conductivity as sulphuric acid is added. Conductivity initially has a high reading due to the presence of ions in solution and then reaches a minimum at the reaction endpoint, due to complete neutralisation
Electrolysis Investigation Planning In this investigation, I will assess how changing the electric current in the electrolysis of acidified water affects the rate at which hydrogen gas is produced. The solution to be electrolysed is made up using acid and water. It is of little consequence what acid is used however in this case I will use Sulphuric acid (H2SO4). When H2SO4 is put in water it is dissociated and forms ions: H2SO4 → 2H (2+) + SO4 (2-) Ions are also present from the water in the solution: H2O → H (+) + OH (-) During the electrolysis process, the positive hydrogen ions move towards the cathode and the negative hydroxide and sulphate ions move towards the anode.
Electrophoresis is an analytical technique for the analysis of macromolecules like proteins and nucleic acids. This technique was discovered and first used in 1937 by a Swedish biochemist Arne Tiselius . The electrophoretic effect is based on the theory of Debye - Huckel - Onsager where this theory of electrolytic dissociation accept the fact that charged particles move up under the influence of electrostatic forces to an electrode of opposite charge is applied when a potential difference in a solution containing electrolytes.
The photoelectric effect has a big effect on our daily lives. It is used in several important technological devices, like solar panels and anti-burglary sensors. The effect was discovered over a long period of time and several scientists’ research contributed to it, but Albert Einstein was the scientists who figured out a correct formula to determine the energy of a photoelectron (the electron that is ejected because of the photon that hits the electron in the atom)
Firstly, we need to keep the chemical at a constant concentration. So, in this experiment we have chosen to keep hydrochloric acid at a constant concentration (5cm3). We could have, however, used Sodium Thiosulphate as a constant, but we had chosen to use Hydrochloric acid. Next, we must make sure that the solution is kept at a constant volume throughout the experiment. If the volume is different, then it could give different results if it was at a constant volume.
The electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a machine used in factories, to clean out the waste solid particle, for example ash from the exhaust gas, allowing clean exhaust gas exit through the chimney. The electrostatic precipitator functions by using first allow the exhaust gas with the waste solid particles pass through the Nozzle as shown in the diagram below. Then the exhaust gas passes through inlet gas distribution, which evenly distributes the gas as shown below in a turquoise color, and starts going through the Discharge electrodes and the collector plates, which is shown in the diagram red and blue respectively. The discharge electrodes, which are powered by high voltage direct current, ionize the gas along with the other solid waste particles negatively. The collector plates are also charged with high voltage electricity, but it is positively charged, therefore attracting the negatively charged solid particle, because oppositely charged particles attract. This allows the clean exhaust gas pass through the other end, while the solid waste particles are trapped in the collector plates. Eventually when there are enough solid waste particles collected on the collector plates, the collect plates shakes off the collected waste, where it drops to the bottom of the shaft as shown in the diagram as “Hopper”.