CHAPTER: 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction[1.5]
As the use of water is increasing day by day, there is growth in demand for new water treatment technologies as the world’s population increased and fresh water sources are polluted. Therefore its need to find out an alternative method to purify the waste water for recycled or reuse to fulfil the demand of the world.
Electrocoagulation is one of the best process for purifying water and waste water from different resources. Waste water treatment technologies used in both municipal and industrial applications have to be further developed in order to reduce the pollution of receiving water bodies. In the last decade, this technology has been increasingly used in the United States and then after many countries started to use this
…show more content…
AC current is converted to DC current and is passed through the electrodes, resulting in the destabilization of the pollutants, causing them to separate from the water. The solids are removed during the clarification process, producing treated water that is relatively clear in color and is safe to dispose of through the local sewer system.
We may take sewage and effectively reduce the concentrations of COD, TSS, turbidity and other contaminants like several types of dissolved metals, oils, grease etc. which are comfortably and completely measurable. The EC system can meet wastewater requirements from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of gallons of input per day.
This solution helpful in commercial, municipal and industrial clients looking to manage wastewater in a cost effective and responsible way and its save the other waters like river, lake, ponds, etc.
1.4.4 Conclusion
In filtration, raw water passes through screens to remove material such as twigs, leaves and other particles. Chemicals are then added which clump together other particles, and the water is sent through another filter, usually lined with sand and anthracite (crushed coal).
Due to industrial waste ,domestic wastes and agriculture wastes entering into water source, Chinese government reporting that nearly 60 percent of China’s groundwater is polluted. It also leads the decrease in water quality. A large amount of water cannot be used and thus foster the water scarcity problem in China.
Tampa Bay Water is a seawater desalination plant located in Tampa, Florida. Their method of desalination of ocean water or brackish groundwater is another method to obtaining water from fresh surfaces or groundwater sources. This could be used to replace the need for a water supply dam. There are several different technologies that exist to remove salt and other impurities from ocean water. The two most commonly used methods are thermal distillation and desalination. Thermal distillation copies the natural water cycle by using heat to create a vapor that is converted into freshwater. Desalination is a process that removes some amount of salt and other minerals from saline water. The traditional process used is vacuum distillation, which boils water at less than atmospheric pressure making the water sit at a much lower temperature than normal. This is due to the fact that the boiling of liquid occurs when the vapor pressure equals the outside pressure and vapor pressure increases with temperature. Due to the reduced temperature, low-temperature "waste" heat from electrical power generation or industrial processes can be used. The processes use membranes to desalinate, by applying standard reverse osmosis technology. These membrane processes use semi-permeable membranes and pressure to separate salts from water.
Tampa Bay Seawater Desalination plant use reverse osmosis to produced potable water. According to the company responsible for the system, the station withdraws more than 44 million gallons per day (mgd) of seawater, and divided into potable water and concentrated seawater.21 Figure 10 displays the process of the desalination. When the water is withdrawal has a traditional system to remove the impurities in the water.21 The traditional systems is coagulation, flocculation, chemicals, and sand filtrarion.21 After this is used a process called diatomaceous.21 Diatomaceous is a kind of filter which remove silt and fine
Stephenson, R., & Blackburn, J. J. (1998). The Industrial Wastewater Systems Handbook. New York: Lewis Publishers.
our pipelines and sewers where it goes to a treatment plant to be treated, but
The key stakeholders are Peter Vyas, the manager of filtration unit and Cynthia Jackson who is the vice president of water management division. Vyas was convinced that the survival of the unit depended upon innovative growth and thus he appointed a technology evaluation team with the responsibility of using technology to solve the problem of obtaining clean water in remote regions, by developing a small-scale oxidation system that enabled waste-water disinfection in small batches. His utmost concern is the technological aspect of developing the product. On the other hand, Cynthia’s perspective was shaped by the marketing angle of the product. She recommended the development of future proposals using a rigorous three phase process which links the markets analysis and technological development to busines...
Due to the Water Pollution Control Act of 1970, there are stringent standards that need to be considered when depositing wastewater from the process. It was not possible to show the path that the wastewater would take after leaving the system, however, the pollution standards were considered. The water that was produced in the reaction were present in streams with other components such as CO2, butadiene, and maleic anhydride. Due to this exposure, the separated water will be sent to a waste water treatment plant where it will undergo many steps to ensure that the pollutants have been properly removed (Plant Design Book
The bacteria and wastewater is mixed in an aeration tank and therefore the contaminants are removed by action of sorption and series of breakdown by the bacteria.
A precise system, of which must be compliant according to government standards, is critical to maintain low levels of waste that are returned to neighboring water systems after treatment. Phase one of waste water treatment begins in the home, local businesses and community. Waste water from these buildings and surrounding areas travel through a pipe, or sewer which is sloped downward, and with the assistance of gravity, travels toward the waste water treatment plant. However, in larger communities or communities with unevenly leveled terrain, waste water cannot keep getting deeper to rely on gravity to transport the waste water and must be pumped up with the assistance of a lift station so it may continue to travel to the water treatment plant. Once the waste water arrives at the waste water treatment plant, the first step is the removal of large debris such as diapers, underwear or other non-biological substances or products.
The waste water is represent of the major sources of pollution to water bodies after being discharged into rivers without proper treatment or partial treatment as it contains toxic organic substances that lead to a decline in natural water and disruption the balance of the environment ,that causes the occurrence of water pollution . Wastewater treatment processes rely on assimilation of microorganisms and enzymatic effectiveness in breakage chains carbon of soluble organic pollutants , as sewage water containing many of the compounds aliphatic ,aromatic , phenolic compounds and toluene .Which are toxic and carcinogenic compounds. (Luz and Yoav, 2008).
the disposal of garbage into a water stream. Some of the water pollution is from
Improvement and upgrading of wastewater treatment processes and also the need to reduce the environmental factors make the use of tertiary wastewater treatment important.
Water and Waste Management Engineering addresses water and waste water treatment, surface and ground water pollution and control, solid and hazardous waste management, contaminant transport and behaviour in the environment. Support areas involving aquatic chemistry, computer modeling, simulation and laboratory experimentation as examples are also stressed.
Asano, T., Burton, F., Leverenz, H., Tsuchihashi, R., Tchobanoglous, G. (2007). Water Reuse: Issues, Technologies, and Applications. New York: McGraw-Hill