Eileen Gray
When one talks or thinks of architecture, or the architects, there is a great gender gap, and due to these gaps, some women do not acquire the acknowledgement that is rightfully theirs. As one of the finest architects, designers, and artist of the 20th century, Eileen Gray was and still has not been given any attention as a serious designer/architect, unlike her counter parts, Le Corbusier, De Stijl, Mies van der Rohe, or Frank Lloyd Wright.
Eileen Gray spent most of her designing life in France and was influenced greatly by a veriety of designers and architects. She found her self indulged in the art of Toulouse-Lautrec, Cezanne, Van Gogh, Gaughin, Seurat, and Bonnaard. Eileen Gray admired Le Corbusier’s Five Points of Architecture, and found it to be a stating point in her designing of buildings. It could be seen in her E-1207 house, Tempe A Pailla, and her Lou Perou house built near St. Tropez.
Eileen Grays’ most significant piece of work is the E-1027 house built on the shores of Menton (1926-29). Eileen responds to each of Le Corbusiers’ points at E.1027. The roof garden is transformed into an accessible roof terrace without plantings. Pilotis support portions of the volume of the house. The windows of the house open with a completely different system than the one Le Corbusier proposed. Some of E.1027's windows are vertical rather than horizontal bands, but still they are continuous and add flow to the interior rooms. The interior stairways are f...
Socrates a classical Greek philosopher and character of Plato’s book Phaedo, defines a philosopher as one who has the greatest desire of acquiring knowledge and does not fear death or the separation of the body from the soul but should welcome it. Even in his last days Socrates was in pursuit of knowledge, he presents theories to strengthen his argument that the soul is immortal. His attempts to argue his point can’t necessarily be considered as convincing evidence to support the existence of an immortal soul.
Interior Decorators such as Elsie de Wolfe, Eleanor McMillen Brown, and Dorothy Draper helped to pave the way for the Interior Design profession today. Their influential decisions to stray away from the Victorian style of design helped guide both the interior decorating profession, as well as architects who no longer wanted to design in the bulky and cluttered Victorian Style. Elsie de Wolfe designed during the Victorian movement, however “had adopted the 1890’s preference for Neoclassicism” (Smith, 22). Unlike the cluttered and dark interiors of an average Victorian interior, her interiors were, “in the words of one visitor, ‘[models] of simplicity’” (Smith, 20).
Altough Gray admired Corbusier’s work and took inspiration from him especially from his ‘Five Points of the New Architecture’, their philosophies had fundamental differences, which became clear when Gray continued her architectural work. Gray did not agree with his famous dictum that a house should be a “machine for living”. This was evident within the E.1027 villa, a modernist structure but with playful elements. Although Corbusier was the master mind behind ‘Five points of the New Architecture’, Gray was actually the first to take action and put these points into place within the planning of her E.1027 and this is what sparked the bitter jealousy Corbusier had towards Gray. A woman in a male dominated world of design had created this fine piece of modern architecture. Gray was self thought she had no qualifications in architecture, she was known as a designer of furniture and interiors. Was Le Corbusier threatened by her?. After Gray and Badovici had separated in 1938 Badovici had invited Le Corbusier as a guest at the villa. Although her admired E.1027 and at one stage even wanted to purchase it. He ignored Gray’s wish of keeping the villa free of any decoration and vandalised the pristine walls with offensive and garish murals in an act of sabotage. The murals were a way for Corbusier to mark his territory and his presence. There is a photo of Corbusier himself painting the walls of E.1027 naked. Corbusier’s actions were spiteful and an act of jealousy. He didn’t stop there he built a prefabricated house directly behind
Rowland, Kurt F. A History of the Modern Movement: Art Architecture Design. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1973. 142. Print.
It will discuss the different types of dwellings throughout recorded human history from the perspective of how art and culture influences building design. This will fulfill my own curiosity to understand the different influences on homebuilding and design over the years and how people have dealt with these changes.
Gehry’s additional design of the exterior has created an unconventional model form of house. The asymmetrical form characterizes the entire external side of the house. According to Goldstein, Gehry tried to slant the house roofline, create a false perspective and cause an absurd viewer’ perception or expectation (1979, 9). The complexity of the form might also produce a relationship with the house’s elements such as door, wall, and roof. For example, those elements, which linearly constructed, were hardly noticed since the distraction of geometric form around the exterior part of the house. It’s even barely hard to find the entrance of the house as a result of the salient angles of exterior.
One of the most influential and inspiring feminist artists to produce work, Judy Chicago was able to (how she changed the world) through her work including ‘the dinner party’ (1979).an instillation completed after 5 years of development. Triangular in configuration, equilateral in structure, reflecting the goal of feminism, an equalized world. Completed using ceramics, needle and fiber techniques as well as china painting. The table holding 39 place settings each commemorating a mythical or important woman or historical figure. Beneath the table was 2304 handmade porcelain tiles, 999 of which were inscribed of other important woman’s names. In her artwork the dinner party Judy Chicago gave recognition to woman both achievers and oppressed. In this way she gave a voice to the duality of woman’s issues, not only was she advocating for recognition of woman’s achievements but she was also bringing to the forefront the concept of inequality. Judy Chicago‘’ had been trying to establish a respect for woman and woman’s art; to forge a new kind of art expressing woman’s experience’- challenge and redefine conventions of gender’’ The fact that the names of woman were placed on a high end table setting challenged gender equality in itself as tables like this had previously been only acc...
The essence of modern architecture lays in a remarkable strives to reconcile the core principles of architectural design with rapid technological advancement and the modernization of society. However, it took “the form of numerous movements, schools of design, and architectural styles, some in tension with one another, and often equally defying such classification, to establish modernism as a distinctive architectural movement” (Robinson and Foell). Although, the narrower concept of modernism in architecture is broadly characterized by simplification of form and subtraction of ornament from the structure and theme of the building, meaning that the result of design should derive directly from its purpose; the visual expression of the structure, particularly the visual importance of the horizontal and vertical lines typical for the International Style modernism, the use of industrially-produced materials and adaptation of the machine aesthetic, as well as the truth to materials concept, meaning that the true nat...
Frank Lloyd Wright has been called “one of the greatest American architect as well as an Art dealer that produced a numerous buildings, including houses, resorts, gardens, office buildings, churches, banks and museums. Wright was the first architect that pursues a philosophy of truly organic architecture that responds to the symphonies and harmonies in human habitats to their natural world. He was the apprentice of “father of Modernism” Louis Sullivan, and he was also one of the most influential architects on 20th century in America, Wright is idealist with the use of elemental theme and nature materials (stone, wood, and water), the use of sky and prairie, as well as the use of geometrical lines in his buildings planning. He also defined a building as ‘being appropriate to place’ if it is in harmony with its natural environment, with the landscape (Larkin and Brooks, 1993).
Global warming is commonly caused by the excessive amount of greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases are the gases which work the same way as greenhouse, absorbing the heat radiation from the Sun and emitting it back to the Earth’s surface. This process is called greenhouse effect. In addition, greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, water vapor, methane and Chlorofluorocarbon or commonly called CFCs.
This change can be subtle or drastic, but as truth may have it we life in a global society where the climate is changing drastically, weather patterns are becoming increasingly unstable, the ice caps in colder regions are beginning to melt, earthquakes are growing stronger in magnitude and becoming more prevalent. As of today all the signs and studies have proven true, human activities definitely have a large role to lay in the growth of global warming, by the continuous creation of factories along with the growth of greenhouses, toxic gases consisting of carbon dioxide continue to be distributed into the atmosphere, and with this continuous growth comes the destruction of plants which are responsible for purifying the air by taking in the carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, it is easy to see why; and although few have come in defence of human beings to place this claim on the stage to be closely analysed and debunks, unfortunately for them all the facts presented so far have added up in support of the claim. Mankind may be on a dangerous path to destruction, but not for long this is not how thing must remain, and as time would have it, it is not too late. We may not have the abilities to turn back the hands of time; but rather we can proceed with tim into a better tommorow, increase educational engagement in the sciences, by teaching children at a younger age about climate change during their introductions into chemistry, biology, and earth science. Inclined with the education of the student a focus on better interacting with the environment to improve habitats for animal and teach the importances in reducing the damaging toxins in the air and on the ground. following these steps may not have a great effect right away; however in the long rich , by following these steps we can give birth to a future where the children we know today will grow to become environmental specialist, engineers, social
Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier are two very prominent names in the field of architecture. Both architects had different ideas concerning the relationship between humans and the environment. Their architectural styles were a reflection of how each could facilitate the person and the physical environment. Frank Lloyd Wright’s Robie House, is considered one of the most important buildings in the history of American architecture and Le Corbusier s Villa Savoye helped define the progression that modern architecture was to take in the 20th Century. Both men are very fascinating and have strongly influenced my personal taste for modern architecture. Although Wright and Corbusier each had different views on how to design a house, they also had similar beliefs. This paper is a comparison of Frank Lloyd Wright‘s and Le Corbusier ‘s viewpoints exhibited through their two prominent houses, Frank Lloyd Wright’s Robie House and Le Corbusier’s Villa Savoye.
There are two main human causes of Earth’s global warming and climate change. The first of which being the greenhouse effect. According to Brian Black in the book Global Warming, the greenhouse effect is the tendency of Earth’s atmosphere to admit the Sun’s radiation but partly retain the low-frequency heat radiation (3). Human activity has changed our greenhouse, especially over the course of the last 150 years due to industrialization. By the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, petroleum, and oil, carbon dioxide is released into our atmosphere, and heat is trapped in. These gases are typically
In conclusion, many facts point to global warming being detrimental to our world. With scientific predictions, rising temperatures, human causes, drastic climate changes and animal adaptations being some of the more thought about topics it`s hard not to agree that our world can not continue to be used as it is. Even with some scientists arguing against the topic, our Earth`s orbit changing the temperatures before and have been through hotter and cooler time periods the pros still outweigh the cons. This is why we, as a global population, need to take into consideration the outcome of our planet should we continue to abuse it the way we do. Our earth and resources are not a right but a privilege and we should learn to treat them as such before we no longer have either.
The most important value of BPM is transparency over the business. Transparency means obtaining a deep understanding of how the organization works which enables us to manage the complexity of organization effectively [11]. Business process models enables the process practitioners to achieve this by documenting: control flow (i.e., what we need to do and when), artefacts (i.e., what we need to work on either physical or electronic), and resources (i.e., who does the work either humans