The Columbian Exchange was the cultural and biological flow of goods and people between the New World (America) and The Old World (Europe) that started in 1492 after Christopher Columbus discovered the New World. The New World gained many items such as livestock, weapons, and education, while the Old World gained, farming techniques and better trade routes. With the good comes the bad, they also traded diseases like syphilis and smallpox, which could kill entire populations, and the black rats which also carried disease. With all these exchanged the New World gained a new economic system which was highly influenced by Adam Smith. Upon the arrival of the Europeans, they capitalized on the underdeveloped Native people, forcing them to comply …show more content…
Gun and knives were brought over and made hunting easier, also increasing warfare rates among local tribes in the battle of superiority over land. The plow, which was pulled by horses and other large animals, made farming easier and less arduous work. The Europeans experience in the production of commercial structures was brought to the New World and established their first government building. A huge benefit to the New World that came from The Columbian Exchange derived from the transporting of livestock, horses, sheep, cows, pigs, and chickens, which populated and are now a huge part of today's ecological structure. From Europe also came plants such as sugarcane, bananas, oranges, and lettuce. Sugarcane was difficult to cultivate in European climates, so when brought to the New World, sugarcane flourished and became a high demand crop. Unintentionally during their voyage they also brought dreadful items such as, the black rat and diseases. Entire Indian populations died off, due to not having the immune system that the Europeans had developed for most …show more content…
The views of Adam Smith became a large influence on the United States Founding Fathers in their creation of the United States government system. He argues that the division of labor, specialization, and freedom produces prosperity and productivity. He also coined the idea of supply and demand. “The discovery of America and that of a passage to the East Indies by the Cape of Good Hope are the two greatest and most important events recorded in the history of mankind.” Smith supports this idea, noting the vast growth of all major countries’ economies in trade with the Americas; as well as smaller countries that traded with the larger countries. The devastation brought upon the native people in the New World became so destructive that the effects of the enslavement and epidemics unleashed on them would be so powerful that they could not be predicted by any
In Alfred J. Crosby’s book, The Columbian Exchange, the author examines the impact of the New World on the Old World, but also the impact the Old World had on the New World. One key distinction Crosby notes is how the discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus challenged the intellectual systems of Christianity and Aristotelianism. Most notably, the discovery of a world that was, in fact, “new” was so contradictory to scholarly work of the past, such as Aristotle or found in the Bible, that assumptions were made on where to fit the New World into a Christian and Aristotelian world. For example, previous findings under Aristotle, which were still utilized into the 15th Century, had “quite logically supposed the equatorial zone of
Columbian Exchange: The Columbian Exchange was an exchange of peoples, animals, diseases, and foods between hemispheres. Foods and diseases from the New World, such as maize, potatoes, and syphilis, were carried to Europe. Food, livestock, and diseases, such as wheat, barley, cattle, horses, smallpox, measles, and influenza, traveled across the Atlantic to the New World. This term is
Some consequences of the exchange are the spread of disease to the Native people and settlers, the destruction of the Native population, and the disappearance of the Natives custom’s, beliefs, and way of life. Columbus’s arrival to the Americas, land that had already been established by the Natives, resulted in a spread of fatal diseases. Disagreement between the Europeans and the Natives and the enslavement of Native people helped to wipe out the population. Document 5 illustrates the fighting that occurred between the Natives and Europeans.
The Columbian Exchange impacted Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans in many ways. Some of the major components of this exchange were plants, animals, and diseases. The Native Americans was impacted because they did not have immune systems capable of handling diseases such as; small pox, the plague, and yellow fever. This resulted in the population of Native Americans being cut by at least 90% over the course of a couple hundred years and making it easier for foreigners to come in and take over. The animal that helped the Native Americans was the horse. It helped them expand and explore places other than agricultural plains like mountains. The Europeans brought back tobacco. Tabaco then lead to many deaths because of its health issues involved with the use. They also got introduced to tomatoes which people thought for a long time was not edible. Africans acquired potatoes and maize, which became a main staple in Africa.
Columbian Exchange, which also call the Grand Exchange, is an exchange of animals, crops, pollution (European and African), culture, infectious diseases and ideology between the eastern and western hemisphere in 15th and 16th centuries. Alfred W. Crosby first proposed this concept in his book “ The Columbian Exchange”, which published in 1972.
This was the positive effect of the encounter and it was largely responsible for the doubling of the world’s population over the next three hundred years. There were also many negative effects to the “Columbian Exchange”. A major consequence was the spread of disease in the New World. Diseases carried by Europeans and Africans devastated the population of the Americas. As Europeans traveled through the Americas, epidemics came with them.
The Columbian exchange was the widespread transfer of various products such as animals, plants, and culture between the Americas and Europe. Though most likely unintentional, the byproduct that had the largest impact from this exchange between the old and new world was communicable diseases. Europeans and other immigrants brought a host of diseases with them to America, which killed as much as ninety percent of the native population. Epidemics ravaged both native and nonnative populations of the new world destroying civilizations. The source of these epidemics were due to low resistance, poor sanitation, and inadequate medical knowledge- “more die of the practitioner than of the natural course of the disease (Duffy).” These diseases of the new world posed a serious
Columbian Exchange or the big exchange was a great exchange on a wide range of animals (Horses, Chickens, sheep, swine, Turkey), plants (Wheat, barley, corn, beans, tomatoes), people and culture, infectious diseases, and ideas, technology (Wheeled vehicles, iron tools, metallurgy) all these things happened between Native Americans and from Europe after the voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1492. Resulting in communication between the two cultures to initiate a number of crops that have led to the increase in population in both hemispheres, where the explorers returned to Europe loaded with corn, tomatoes, potatoes, which has become one of the main crops in Eurasia with the solutions of the eighteenth century. At the same time, the Europeans crops, cassava and peanuts to Southeast Asia with a tropical climate.
One of the good ways that Atlantic and Pacific worlds have impacted America was the Columbian Exchange. Columbus brought animals such as sheep’s, goats, horses, cattle all of which the Native Americans had never been introduced too. Columbus also brought new technology such as advancements in agricultural production, education and ware fare. He also brought plants such as potatoes, maize and sugarcane. All of these things were great and we still use them till today. The bad thing Columbus brought was diseases that helped kill Native Americans in mass numbers. Their body was not immune to such things as chicken pox, small pox and measles. We are still faced with these diseases today and have vaccination against such things. In the end the Columbian
The Colombian Exchange was an extensive exchange between the eastern and western hemispheres as knows as the Old World and New World. The Colombian exchange greatly affects almost every society. It prompted both voluntary and forced migration of millions of human beings. There are both positive and negative effects that you can see from the Colombian Exchange. The Colombian Exchange explorers created contact between Europe and the Americas. The interaction with Native Americans began the exchange of animals, plants, disease, and weapons. The most significant effects that the Colombian Exchange had on the Old World and New World were its changes in agriculture, disease, culture, and its effects on ecology.
The Columbian Exchange is the exchange of plants, animals, food, and diseases between Europe and the Americas. In 1492, when Christopher Columbus came to America, he saw plants and animals he had never seen before so he took them back with him to Europe. Columbus began the trade routes which had never been established between Europe and the Americas so his voyages initiated the interchange of plants between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, which doubled the food crop resources available to people on both sides of the Atlantic.
“It's striking that Native Americans evolved no devastating epidemic diseases to give to Europeans in return for the many devastating epidemic diseases that Indians received from the Old World.” - Jared Diamond. This quote means the New World had suffered more than the Old World. The Columbian Exchange had benefits to both New World and Old World, but it was not equally beneficial for both worlds as one benefit more. Because of the exchange millions of Native Americans were killed and forced to work for labor; the Columbian Exchange was not worth it.
The Columbian exchange affected the European and native societies both socially and culturally. Some of the effects include increased mortality rates and education. It expanded communication across the world and expanded the trade of plants and animals. It also produced advancements in agriculture and technology. For European societies these effects were mainly positive and for native societies these effects were mainly negative. A very drastic effect on the native societies was the increased mortality rates, with the native population declining 90% after the arrival of the Europeans. These extremely high mortality rates were due to Europeans diseases and violence (p. 1-3). This of course greatly devastated societies Native of the Americas
However, this term may be slightly inaccurate as this exchange began to much reach farther than Columbus and other explores of that his generation. The Columbian Exchange facilitated the movement of peoples, plants, animals, and diseases. However, the Columbian Exchange also disseminated ecosystems such as in the Atlantic and Pacific islands, and south-western North America and Central America. The former was suffered extinction of indigenous animals as a result of the introduction to pigs and dogs, the latter was stripped of vegetation due to of widespread ranching efforts. The pre-Columbian population of the Americas was devastated by up to 90 percent through diseases such as small pox, plague, malaria, and typhoid. Additional, syphilis was believed to be introduced to Europe from the Americas. The diet of local populations drastically changed, for example the potato, a staple in a European diet, is indigenous to America along with tomatoes, chili peppers, pineapples, cocoa, and tobacco which are all now fundamental components of cuisine throughout the
The Columbian exchange started in 1492, bringing discoveries of many crops, animals, and unfortunately, diseases. Horses were the first thing to be traded and one of the most important resources brought to the Americas by Europe. Columbus brought maize to Spain during the Columbian Exchange. This lead to maize cultivation throughout the Old World and gave Europeans a way of planting two crops a year instead of one. Coureurs De Bois came to the Old World also to find and sell fine furs. The Dutch sent out many expeditions to trade furs. Furs had become a highly demanded product and the fur trade in Europe grew. Charter companies, such as the East India Company in England, were used greatly by the