How Do Oligopolies affect the Beverage Industry?
In order to answer the question “How Do Oligopolies effect the Beverage Industry?” we must first understand what an Oligopoly is. An Oligopoly is a market form in which a market or industry is dominated by a small number of sellers. An oligopoly is much like a monopoly, in which only one company exerts control over most of a market. In an oligopoly, there are at least two firms controlling the market. So what exactly does this mean? To put this into perspective an Industry, such as the Beverage Industry, is composed of various sellers. However there are two main companies that control the Industry, they are Pepsi Co. and The Coca-Cola Company. Although there are several other companies such as
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In the Beverage Industry Coca-Cola owns approximately 42% of the Industry where as Pepsi Co. owns approximately 30%. Since 1886, Coca-Cola has been present in the market where as Pepsi Co. entered the market 13 years later. Oligopolies perpetuate themselves and discourage new investments in several ways. One example is having access to key resources, whether it’s natural resources or patented process or special knowledge. This creates difficulty for new firms to enter the industry without access to those resources. In addition with experience of keeping cost low, oligopolies benefit significantly in cost advantages which discourages new firms from entering. An example of this would be a new firm attempting to attract new consumers with a new product rather than an established product. With having an established product oligopolies are able to obtain lower prices from supplies thus allowing them to create predatory pricing aimed at driving smaller competitors out of business. Since they are the two dominant market holders in the Beverage Industry they acquire most of the sales volume. This allows the companies to reduce prices on their products to discourage new firms to continue as they will have to follow the trend. In contrast they increase prices to remain in the market and protect their industry from the expansion or interest of other
with a concentrated market share, an example of an oligopoly today. would be Nike, Reebok and Adidas for shoes. Most industries today are oligopolies, the possible reasons for this. would be that oligopolies in contrast to monopolistic competition. would be able to earn abnormal profits in the long run as well as the short run, as shown in the previous section.
Best Buy operates in an oligopolistic market where there are significant barriers to entry and few large firms dominate the market by selling identical goods. Best Buy is a non-collusive oligopolist, existing in a strategic environment where firms do not cooperate, yet are interdependent due to the fact that a firm’s action affects the market. Recently, Best Buy experienced an increase in demand, increasing its revenues and profits.
This organization belongs to the oligopoly market structure. The oligopoly market structure involves a few sellers of a standardized or differentiated product, a homogenous oligopoly or a differentiated oligopoly (McConnell, 2004, p. 467). In an oligopolistic market each firm is affected by the decisions of the other firms in the industry in determining their price and output (McConnell, 2005, P.413). Another factor of an oligopolistic market is the conditions of entry. In an oligopoly, there are significant barriers to entry into the market. These barriers exist because in these industries, three or four firms may have sufficient sales to achieve economies of scale, making the smaller firms would not be able to survive against the larger companies that control the industry (McConnell, 2005, p.
During the 1990’s, some of the primary policies that had been put in place by the FCC to promote diversity of ownership of content in broadcasting were either eliminated or cut back. The Financial Interest and Syndication Rules (Fin-Syn) were repealed and the consent decree was also abandoned, allowing networks to own as much programming as the wanted, this opened the floodgates to mergers with studios. Through several other policy changes, such as the 1992 Cable Consumer Protection Act and the Telecommunications Act of 1996, a vertically integrated, tight oligopoly emerged in the commercial television and video entertainment fields (Cooper, 2007)
Oligopolies do not compete on prices. Price wars tend to lead to lower profits, leaving a little change to market shares. However, Oligopolies firms tend to charge reasonably premium prices but they compete through advertising and other promotional means. Existing companies are safe from new companies entering the market because barriers to entry to the market are high. For example, if products are heavily promoted and producers have a number of existing successful brands, it will be very costly and difficult for new firms to establish their own new brand in an oligopoly market.
It is a well-known fact that every firm wants to be successful in its business. Sometimes it is difficult to decide what kind of actions to take in order to achieve it. Especially, it is hard on oligopoly market because this is one of the most complicated market structures. Oligopoly includes many models and theories such as duopoly where are just two producers and which pricing decisions remind monopoly, kinked demand curve, which decreases economic profit, and cartel, which brings economic profit just for the short-run. However, to be a successful oligopolistic firm in the long run, managers should include in the planning process such economic theories and models as producer interdependence, the prisoner’s dilemma, price leadership, nonprice adjustments, and correct using of barriers to entry.
An oligopoly is defined as "a market structure in which only a few sellers offer similar or identical products" (Gans, King and Mankiw 1999, pp.-334). Since there are only a few sellers, the actions of any one firm in an oligopolistic market can have a large impact on the profits of all the other firms. Due to this, all the firms in an oligopolistic market are interdependent on one another. This relationship between the few sellers is what differentiates oligopolies from perfect competition and monopolies. Although firms in oligopolies have competitors, they do not face so much competition that they are price takers (as in perfect competition). Hence, they retain substantial control over the price they charge for their goods (characteristic of monopolies).
... objects and customer regions. Do making a clear differentiation image between its soft drinks and bottled water. Because the consumers may believe that bottled water of Nestle sounds healthier than Coca-Cola brand since Nestle tend to emphasize their image on healthy food products. Then do market test for new taste, new packaging, or new innovation according to each regions, and especially for Europe, the company should launch the new one to replace Dasani image in order to seize their market shares. They may renew all nutrients and packaging. Finally Coca-Cola should continue its joint ventures with the regional companies in order to protect their products from barriers to entry both international trade restrictions and distribution channels. Furthermore, joint venture with local brand is a long term contract guarantee to make it easier for HOD to a specific region.
Bottling Network: Both Coke and PepsiCo have franchisee agreements with their existing bottler’s who have rights in a certain geographic area in perpetuity. These agreements prohibit bottler’s from taking on new competing brands for similar products. Also with the recent consolidation among the bottler’s and the backward integration with both Coke and Pepsi buying significant percent of bottling companies, it is very difficult for a firm entering to find bottler’s willing to distribute their product.
In the short run, oligopolies are. able to earn abnormal profits, but in the long run as well they are. able to sustain abnormal profits due to the barriers to entry and exit. Then the s The barriers act as a strong deterrent to firms that want to come in. the industry and " eat into" the abnormal profits and then exit the market.
The beverage industry is highly competitive and presents many alternative products to satisfy a need from within. The principal areas of competition are in pricing, packaging, product innovation, the development of new products and flavours as well as promotional and marketing strategies. Companies can be grouped into two categories: global operations such as PepsiCo, Coca-Cola Company, Monster Beverage Corp. and Red Bull and regional operations such as Ro...
The. An oligopoly is a market structure characterised by few firms and many buyers, homogenous or differentiated products and also difficult market entry (Pass et al. 2000) an example of an oligopoly would be the fast food industry where there is a few firms such as McDonalds, Burger King and KFC that all compete for a greater market share. In a Monopoly, there is one firm that controls the market, and there are no similar products being sold by other companies. Advertising is therefore used to encourage people to buy more of their product. In a monopoly there is a downward sloping demand curve, the reason for this is that a firm must lower the price to sell an extra unit of their product.
A monopoly is “a single firm in control of both industry output and price” (Review of Market Structure, n.d.). It has a high entry and exit barrier and a perceived heterogeneous product. The firm is the sole provider of the product, substitutes for the product are limited, and high barriers are used to dissuade competitors and leads to a single firm being able to ...
External environmental analysis of US carbonated soft drink (CSD) industry allows concluding that declining CSD sales call for changes in industry operations whereby market players can benefit from the fundamental shift in the industry development and maintain its leadership positions in beverage market. Analyses of macrolevel, industry, and competitive environments suggest that expansion, strong brand recognition, and changes in value chain will be key success factors in the future industry development.
The Coca-Cola Company is the world’s largest beverage Company. The firm has grown quickly becoming a real empire, which owns or licences more