Effects Of Discrimination On Discrimination And Discrimination

Minard (1952) observed the effects of social norms on prejudice and discrimination of white miners against the black miners. It was observed that inside the mines where the social norm was to be friendly with the co-workers. Almost 80 of the white miners were friendly towards the black miners and the prejudice was not highly visible but out of the mines where the social norms were that of prejudiced and discriminatory behavior, the number of white miners who were friendly to black colleagues dropped to as low as 20: the difference shown were only due to the fact that the white miners were conforming to different social and group norms inside and outside the mine.

Pettigrew (1959) also found that people who were more conformist also tended

Muslims and Jews as the “Others” and the “Persecuted” in the West

1.2.1. Jews For one reason or another Jews have been one of those peoples who have been discriminated against and “otherized” the most in the known history of mankind.

Jerome Chanes identifies six stages in the historical development of persecution of Jews:

1. Pre-Christian anti-Judaism in ancient Greece and Rome which was primarily ethnic in nature.
2. Christian anti-Semitism in antiquity and the Middle Ages which was religious in nature and has extended into modern times.
3. Traditional Muslim anti-Semitism which was – at least in its classical form – nuanced in that Jews were a protected class.
4. Political, social and economic anti-Semitism of Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment Europe which laid the groundwork for racial anti-Semitism.
5. Racial anti-Semitism that arose in the 19th century and culminated in Nazism in the 20th century.
6. Contemporary anti-Semitism which has been labeled by some as the New Anti-Semitism.

Chanes suggests that these six stages could be merged into three categories: "ancient anti-Semitism, which was primarily ethnic in nature; Christian anti-Semitism, which was religious; and the racial anti-Semitism of the nineteenth and twentieth