How does the group of fish in Finding Nemo coordinate their movements to smoothly make various shapes with minimal communication? All these movements are contributed to what is called collective movement, however the mystery behind the origins and reasons for collective behavior in groups of fish has baffled many. It has been traditionally thought that fish were leader-less, but they tended to stay in groups; either a shoal or a school. Even though they have different meanings they are used interchangeably today. A shoal is any group that stays together for social reasons, while a school is a group that demonstrates multiple rather complex behavioral patterns. Therefore, any group of fish is a shoal but not all shoals are schools ("Shoaling Behavior in Fish," 2014). The reasons behind these groups of fish can be attributed to the increase of protection against predators, increased foraging success, increased chances of finding a mate, increased likelihood of reaching a certain destination, and increased hydrodynamic movement. The leaders are either whoever is in front in that point in time or it is a set leader with a natural born tendency to be bold and make decisions on the groups behalf, despite social differences. The latter form of leadership is what is displayed in Finding Nemo when only one “voice” is telling the rest of the fish to create the formations. The evolutionary history in groups of fish has allowed for a divergence in forms of leadership to these two distinct forms, heavily depending on the situation. The more effective of the two leaderships is the one with a set leader because they tend to be more knowledgeable about the location of sources (Couzin, Krause, Franks, & Levin, 2004).
Despite the type of leadership...
... middle of paper ...
... Krause, J., Hoare, D., Krause, S., Hemelrijk, C. K., & Rubenstein, D. I. (2000). Leadership in fish shoals. Fish and Fisheries, 1(1), 82-89. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2000.tb00001.x
5. Nakayama, S. (2013, August 28). Leaders Are Born, Not Made, Fish Study Finds. Retrieved April 20, 2014, from http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/leaders-are-born-not-made-fish-study-finds/
6. Nakayama, S., Harcourt, J. L., Johnstone, R. A., & Manica, A. (2012). Initiative, Personality, and Leadership in Pairs of Foraging Fish [Abstract]. PLoS ONE, 7(5). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036606
7. Shoaling Behavior in Fish. (2014). Retrieved April 22, 2014, from http://www.sju.edu/int/academics/cas/biology/resources/biodiversity/fishcam/shoaling.html
8. Vugt, M. V., Ahuja, A., & Vugt, M. V. (2011). Naturally selected: The evolutionary science of leadership. New York: HarperBusiness.
Leadership has been defined and described in many different ways throughout time. There are many different leadership theories, models and frameworks used to define leadership (Koh, 2009). While there are differences regarding leadership styles, there are some common characteristics one may strive for in being an effective leader. In this paper, Case Study 67: Funding the Frog Study will be used to analyze if the leader in this case study was able to demonstrate effective leadership.
Pierce, Jon L. and John W. Newstrom (2011) 6th edition. Leaders and the Leadership Process.
Kirkpatrick, S. A., & Locke, E. A. (2001). Leadership: Do traits Matter? Academy of Management Executive,5,, 48-60.
Kouzes, J., & Posner, B., (2007). The leadership challenge, (4th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-
Leadership is an important element in the functioning of group interactions toward an organized goal. Leadership has been defined in many different ways by sociologists and social psychologists alike, numbering too many to discuss here. The most common element found in these definitions is "that leadership involves a process of influence between a leader and followers to attain group, organizational, or societal goals" (Hollander, 1985). In small group interactions, leadership is usually an assigned status, with the "followers" designating, both consciously and subconsciously, someone as a leader. This is a person who, according to the group members, is believed to have those characteristics which are most suited to accomplish the task and objectives of the group (Bales and Slater, 1955). Much of the available early research that I was able to attain focused on leadership and the concept of leadership in terms of political situations. When viewed from a political standpoint, the study of leadership pertains to the analysis of relationships between those who possess power and those who don't possess power (power will be discussed in det...
The vision of leadership that leaders are born made, and not learn to be leaders is still considered but not popular among researchers (Avolio et al, 2013).
Ritter, B. A., & Yoder, J. D. (2004).Gender Difference in Leader Emergence Persist even for
Lord, R. (2000). Leadership. In A. E. Kazdin (Ed.), Encyclopedia of psychology, vol. 4. (pp. 499-505). Doi:10.1037/10519-216
Ward, A. (2003). The Leadership Lifecycle: Matching Leaders to Evolving Organizations. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kouzes, J., & Posner, B. (2007). The Leadership Challenge (4th ed.). San Francisco, CA 94103-1741: Jossey-Bass.
The trait leadership theories assume that people inherit certain abilities and traits that make them better suited for leadership than others (Stroup, 2004). The trait theories originated from an earlier impression called the “great man” theories pop...
As a growing debate, the question at hand is whether great leaders are born with specific leadership traits, or if one can be taught certain traits over time. According to (Wikipedia.com) the approach of listing leadership qualities, often termed "trait theory of leadership", assumes certain traits or characteristics will tend to lead to effective leadership. I believe that leadership traits such as honest, competent, initiative, inspiring, hardworking, intelligent, and the ability to lead the masses, are some of the leadership traits one should possess. Within this paper, I will examine the overall concept of leadership traits, while observing the traits that were, or can be associated with successful leaders.
As Yukl (2010) indicates, such factors (e.g. personality, values and capacities) attributed to a leader. Normally it is widespread acknowledged that someone is born to be a lead...
In addition, (Amandi et al, 2004) makes us understand issues related to leadership decision and also gives a clear overview on leadership theories.
...is & Thomas, (2002), Dotlich, (2005), Hartman & Harris (1992) and Maxwell, (1993). These studies reported that not only are leaders born and made, but also that genetics, parental influence, adverse life experiences and training and development all affect leadership development.