Nitrogen Fixation Ability on Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars with Some types of Inoculants which contain different strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum; bv. phaseoli was evaluated in an experimental design. In this investigation three types of biological fertilizers such as Rb117, Rb123, Rb136 and a commercial inoculants (Rhizobean super plus) with two treatment N100 (use of 100 Kg nitrogen/ha) and control (without seeds inoculated and fertilizer) and three bean cultivars: COS16 (spotted bean), Derakhshan and Akhtar (red beans) used as factorial experiment in randomized complete block design in 2006 and 2007 in Zanjan province(Khoramdareh Region). Combined Analysis preformed with SAS9.2 of statistical program and graphs were provided by Excel and Σplot programs and means comparison were done with Duncan,s Multiple Range Test. Rb117 strain was showed an 59 percent increasing in seed yield compared with non-inoculants treatment. Among of inoculants the effect of Rb123 strain, was at least (32%) in compared with others. The results showed that significant difference in seed yield, nitrogen percent per plant, seed protein percentage, number and weight of nodules (50 day after emergence),seed and dry matter yield were observed among seed inoculated and non-inoculated. Most protein percent were achieved from 100 kg nitrogen, and Rb117 treatment (About 24%) and highest protein yield (864 kg/ha) was gained from Rb117 and lowest protein yield was produced from control. Among of all inoculants (or strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum;bv.phaseoli) The Rb117 strain has more effectiveness on common bean, as compared with other strains. In three cultivars the COS16 line was successful in compared with other cultivars. High seed yiel...
... middle of paper ...
...were in grains of COS16 variety, with inoculation by Rb117 (mean 19.6g per kg of seed dry matter). That is 33% higher than the lowest mean values. Interaction of inoculation and varieties on potassium accumulation showed in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2: Interaction of inoculation and varieties on grain potassium accumulation.
The mean comparison results show, that the effect of inoculants and fertilizer treatments has been significant on average K uptake in above ground dry matter. So that the highest means were obtained by inoculation treatments and the lowest mean related to control. Control with mean 17.48 and Rb117 inoculated with average 21.8 g potassium /kg dry matter. Effect of inoculation and fertilizer treatments on the mean phosphorus absorption of dry matter per kg of seed, has been significant and their class has statistically different.
Abstract: Gibberellic acid is a plant hormone that is used to stimulate growth and fasten the germination of plants. When Gibberellic acid used on plants, it produces bigger and fuller leaves following by elongating the stems. This experiment was designed to determine the effect that Gibberellic acid will have on the growth of a seed germination. As performed in class, three types of radish seed were treated with Gibberellic acid to see the effects the acid will have on those three seeds. During the treatment plan, the three seeds received a different amount of acid and water five times a week. For instance, Seed A got approximately 2.5ML of Gibberellin acid, seed B got 5.0ML, and seed C got 10ML, following by seed A getting 17.5ML of water, seed B getting 15.0ML, and seed C obtaining 10ML of water. However, based on this treatment plan, seed A and B showed no growth. While, the seed that consumed more acid, which was Seed C showed rapid growth. In this case, the only possible explanation for this surprising result could be that the Seeds
One of the main questions addressed is; why do plants choose rhizobia with nitrogen fixing strains (as nitrogen is metabolically costly) over plants with non-fixing strains that can also lead to nodulated plant (Gubry-Rangin et al, 2010). It should be noted that strains with different fixing levels have been reported in populations of rhizobia and when picking a rhizobium a plant must take into consideration its symbiotic efficacy, as rhizobia cannot be vertically transmitted.
The leguminosae family, more commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family; contain most of the plant species that form a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria. About 20,000 species of legumes form their symbiosis with rhizobia; a nodule-inducing bacteria. Legumes have emerged as a very valuable resource for many countries for various reasons. The seeds of legumes are very high in protein, and some can also be rich in oil. Some countries donate up to 60% of their arable land in order to plant various types of this plant family. This family of plants is also used to enhance soil fertility and is a valuable source of wood. In various agricultural systems, the need for chemical fertilizer is greatly reduced due to the nitrogen fixation of the symbiotic bacteria that is hosted by the legumes. In some areas, almost 50% of the nitrogen added to the soil is due to this symbiotic relationship (3). Although an exact estimate of this symbiosis is hard to determine, legume-rhizobia relationships remain important to the function and composition of many natural ecosystems throughout the world (2).
Plant food is a type of fertilizer in which plants are suppose to grow taller and healthier when the food is used over a period of time. It is made up of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Nitrogen makes plants grow faster and produce more leaves, phosphorus makes the roots work better, and potassium gives larger flowers and prevents infection. The plant food contains these nutrients that are absorbed by the roots of a plant. Radishes, however, the subject of interest in this experiment is speculated by some to whether plant food actually works on it. However, for the experiment to be successful, the background information on the radish, “Early Scarlet Globe”, must be intact.
Six weeks previous to the conductance of this lab, Biology 108 section,planted wheat and mustard plants according to table#1 on page 3 of the Principles of Biology 108 Lab Manual . This table depicts all of the total pots and number and type of seeds planted in the pots. It accounts for the experiments of the intraspecific competition and interspecific competition. Replicates of each pot were planted to add precision and more acceptable statistics. Therefore, there were 40 pots, that is, 20 treatments conducted twice(Ciara, 1993).
Also, on the second day we observed that the seed in pH 5 was turning to a lighter color compared to the other seeds which stayed the same. Then again on day 5 pH 5 seedling stem was more white compared to the others which were more green. Lastly, in all of the different pHs at least 3 seeds germinated from each one.
This bacteria known as rhizobia requires it to be inside the root nodules to fix nitrogen for the plant. An average acre of alfalfa puts 200 pounds of nitrogen into the soil per year. This being why alfalfa is put into a crop rotation with other crops that need a lot of nitrogen. Alfalfa’s lifespan can range from 3 to 10 years depending on soil type and how well the alfalfa is maintained. When an alfalfa field of 40 acres is in alfalfa for 5 years it puts 20 tons of nitrogen into the soil ready to be used for the next crop. One famous crop rotation is corn and alfalfa. Farmers see an extreme yield boast when corn is planted following alfalfa. Research has shown that corn yields increase by 10 to 15 percent. Nitrogen fertilizer cost for first-year corn can be reduced by 100 percent. Alfalfa also is planted for as a soil-conserving crop which improves soil structure, fertility and prevents soil loss. The university of Missouri conducted a test of an average soil loss per acre in various crops. They found that alfalfa compared to many other crops had the least loss of soil per acre. Not only does alfalfa serve as a valuable crop to make a profit but also valuable to conserve the
Janick. J. (2011). Center for New Crops & Plant Products - Department of Horticulture and
Three substances mainly make fertilisers: nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. Their percentage in the solution will change the effectiveness on a determinate plant; for example is recommended to use high proportion of nitrogen fertilizers during the spring growth of spurts. The fertilisers can be spitted in two categories: organic that contains a low level of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium and aren’t toxic to the environment and synthetic that are made by a high concentration of the three substances and can be corrosive to the environment if are overused.
As a mineral, potassium is found abundantly in seawater and soil. It is essential not only to all plants and animals, but also to man.
Potassium is an essential component for plant growth. Potassium is absorbed by plants in larger amounts than most other mineral elements. Potassium is supplied to plants by soil minerals, organic materials, and inorganic fertilizer. Potassium is not found in organic combination with plant tissues. Potassium plays an essential role in the metabolic processes of plants. Potassium also is essential in carbohydrate metabolism, a process by which energy is obtained from sugar.
Wheat is defined as the most crucial crops among the cereal products worldwide and the staple food of many consumers (FAO, 2009). The valuable components of the wheat grain are carbohydrate (72%), protein (12%), moisture (13%), fat (1%), fibre (12.2%), minerals and vitamins (2%) (Lean, 2006). The endosperm, germ, and bran, the three components of wheat grain, consist mostly of starch and proteins, lipids and proteins, and dietary fibre respectively (Marquart, Jacobs, McIntosh, Reicks and Poutanen, 2007).
This lesson is designed to review and reinforce a few important concepts about plants (e.g. Needs, parts, sequence of planting) and to also guide the students through applying a few scientific inquiry (e.g. Making observations, experimentation, discussion, reflection, reporting results etc.). The students have previously planted corn and bean seeds and today’s lesson has provided the students a chance to see the results of the planted corn and bean seeds. Additionally, seeds have been planted under and growing under the following conditions: without water, and without soil. The students see the results of these seeds planted under these conditions for the past week. Two plants in particular have already been grown their growth has been
When studying plant nutrition, it is important to analyze the sources of the nutrition. Plants absorb their nutrients using their roots in the soil, however soil is not a uniform nutritive source. The plant’s wellbeing depends greatly on the quality, composition, and thickness of the soil. To help categorize such a broad topic, scientists have implemented a naming scheme for the different levels of soil. The first layer is closest to ...