Efeito Placebo Essay

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O efeito placebo corresponde a um efeito que não provem de nenhuma ação exterior mas está apenas presente na nossa crença e é sentido como real (Benson & Friedman, 1996) Os processos subjacentes à eficácia do efeito placebo tem sido estudados, tendo sido propostas algumas alternativas (Benedetti & Armanzio, 2011). Uma das alternativas acerca dos mecanismos moduladores do efeito placebo, o condicionamento clássico sugere que a resposta placebo surge após a exposição repetida do indivíduo a associações de sugestões sensórias neurais (por exemplo, forma e cor dos comprimidos, ambiente do consultório médico, etc.) com intervenções de tratamento efetivas. Segundo este paradigma (pavloviano), as sugestões sensórias neurais (estimulo condicionado) poderiam extrair de forma automática e isolada, após a intervenção placebo, uma resposta semelhante ao tratamento real (resposta condicionada). Uma outra alternativa propõe que um importante mecanismo psicológico modulador do efeito placebo é a expectativa consciente dos pacientes nas perspetivas de melhorias clínicas (Bensing & Verheul, 2010). O efeito placebo pode-se estender para além do uso farmacêutico em medicamentos, podendo estar também envolvido em aspetos do dia-a-dia. Algumas pesquisas acerca do efeito placebo relacionadas com atividades do dia-a-dia mostraram o grande controlo que os processos psicológicos têm na saúde e fisiologia das pessoas. Crum e Langer (2007), estudaram a hipótese de que os benefícios que o exercício físico têm para a saúde podem não surgir apenas quando é praticado exercício físico. Neste estudo, descobriram que no espaço de um mês, um grupo de empregadas que trabalhavam num hotel, informadas dos benefícios provenientes do exercício que faziam durante o s... ... middle of paper ... ...uencia nos RAT mais difíceis. Draganich & Erdal (2014) propuseram a hipótese de que a crença acerca da qualidade do sono vai influenciar os sintomas causados pela privação do sono, isto é, a perceção dos sujeitos acerca da qualidade do seu sono, ao ser manipulada influência as funcionalidades cognitivas, podendo eliminar os sintomas causados pela privação do sono se o sujeito tiver a crença de que o seu sono foi normal. Após a revisão de alguns artigos acerca do sono, surgiu o interesse em investigar de que forma o sono em efeito placebo pode influenciar funções cognitivas. O problema principal desta investigação é: Será que a perceção da qualidade vai influenciar tarefas de resolução de problemas? Criando para isso a seguinte hipótese: - Quando a perceção da qualidade do sono é mais baixa do que é na realidade, vai influenciar as tarefas de resolução de problemas.

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