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aetiology of eating disorders
aetiology of eating disorders
biological explanation for eating disorders
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1.3 Genetically inheritable family genes Numerous studies have showed the part of heredity in eating disorders. Eating disorders are obviously transmitted inside families, implying that heredity is to be sure an element. While study information have not demonstrated that dietary issues are naturally transmitted from mother to girl, for instance, they do demonstrate a conceivable transmission of temperamental traits or a vulnerability to different stressors that appear to build the danger of creating these disorder (Douglas). Approximately 56% risk of developing an eating disorder is contributed by the genetic factors and individuals with affected family members are twelve times more likely to develop an eating disorder (Engel, 2007). More research into the hereditary components of dietary problems has entered in on neurochemistry. It has been demonstrated that the neurotransmitters neuroepinephrine and serotonin are extremely decreased in patients that are enduring with intense cases of bulimia and anorexia nervosa. These are the same neurotransmitters that functions adversely when people are battling with misery. This relationship has headed a few scientists to construe that there could be a connection between dietary issues and wretchedness. Notwithstanding making emotions of passionate and physical fulfillment, the neurotransmitter serotonin likewise is answerable for feelings of totality in the wake of consuming. Extra cerebrum chemicals have been inspected for their potential part in dietary issues. An abundance of examination recommends that few distinctive neurotransmitters are included in eating disorders (Engel, 2007). The hormones cortisol and vasopressin have been seen at raised levels in people with dietary problem... ... middle of paper ... ...identifiable progression and predictable symptoms. Retrieved from http://www.raderprograms.com/causes-statistics/causes-statistics-overview.html Scholz M, Asen E. (2001) Multiple family therapies with eating disordered adolescents: concepts and preliminary results. European Eat Disord Review 9:33-42. The Eating Disorder Foundation. (2013). About eating disorders. Retrieved from http://www.eatingdisorderfoundation.org/EatingDisorders.htm Witler, B. (n.d.). Peer pressure and eating disorders. Retrieved from http://www.coreythewackyapple.com/peer_pressure.html
Cooke, A. A., Guss, J. L., Kissileff, H. R., Devlin, M. J., & Walsh, B. (1997). Patterns of food selection during binges in women with binges eating disorder. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 22(2), 187-193. Retrieved from EBSCOhost
Cooper, P. J. & Steere, J. (I 993). The Effects of Eating of Dietary Restraint, Anxiety, and Hunger. Intemational Journal of Eating Disorders, 13, 211-219.
Steiger, Howard. (1996). Familial eating concerns and psychopathological traits. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 19, 147-157.
A deficiency in the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) has been linked with a number of behaviors mentioned above. It has especially been associated with carbohydrate craving because eating carbohydrates is one way to briefly increase the brain’s level of 5-HT. This occurs because carbohydrates induce insulin production, and this insulin promotes 5-HT production. A temporary sense of well-being and satiety occurs. From this, it has been concluded that by increasing the brain’s 5-HT levels by methods other than overeating carbs, these cravings would be avoided, satiety would be reached earlier, overeating would be avoided, and weight would be lost.
Linda Smolak, Michael P. Levine, R.S.-M. ed., 1996. The Developmental Psychopathology of Eating Disorders: Implications for Research, Prevention, and Treatment, New Jersey: Psychology Press. Available at: http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=6g1j1u6Mex8C&pgis=1 [Accessed April 15, 2014].
We are all genetically and socially affected by our families. Families serve as the matrix of our identity. It is through interactions within the family that we develop a sense of who we are and how we fit in (Minuchin, Rosman & Baker, 1978). Parents serve as role models, providing examples for attitudes, coping skills, and eating habits, as well as setting standards for perfection, ambition and acceptance (Hall & Cohn, 1992). Many researchers claim that family dynamics are at the root of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa. The role of dysfunctional family interactions in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa has been given a prominent place in the research field. Evidence for a specific family constellation in this disorder, however, has been conflicting. While the majority of studies argue for a specific family interaction style, further studies must be conducted to identify distinguishing characteristics of anorexic subtypes and to determine whether these characteristics are of a causal or consequential nature (Minuchin, Rosman & Baker, 1978).
Today, America is plagued with eating disorders such as Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Compulsive Eating Disorders. Each has its own characteristics that distinguish the illness yet there are some similarities that they also share. According to the National Eating Disorders Association, as with most mental illnesses, eating disorders are not caused by just one factor but by a combination of behavioral, biological, emotional, psychological, interpersonal and social factors. Shockingly, they also report that in the United States, there are as many as 10 million females and 1 million males that are battling with eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia. Additionally, another 25 million are struggling with binge eating disorders (www.NationalEatingDisorders.org). Typically, psychological factors such as depression and low self-esteem contribute to eating disorders...
Ziauddeen and Fletcher in this article discuss the concept of food addiction from a clinical and neuroscientific perspective. They argue that the evidence in food addiction is limited and that further research must be done in order to fully validate the concept. Despite the uncertainty, food addiction has influenced the neurobiological models of obesity and developing debates about formulation of the public health policy. Ziauddeen and Fletch also debate that because there are so many possibly pathways leading to obesity, it is unlikely that food addiction is the most effective cause. Even with their caution, they also propose there are many arguments saying many aspects of eating in obesity are “addictive.”
Understanding the etiology of an eating disorder is perhaps the most complicated issue surrounding the disease, as teasing apart cause and consequence can be extremely difficult. This problem becomes immediately apparent when examining family factors associated with eating disorders. Research over the past decade has focused largely on identifying family factors that potentially contribute to the development of an eating disorder in an individual, and further refining these characteristics into prototypes for the “anorexic family” or the “bulimic family.” Identifying a pattern of specific family risk factors would be an extremely useful tool in recognizing those vulnerable for developing an eating disorder. While the research has been unable to paint an entirely complete picture of family characteristics, certain traits surface as typical to the eating disordered family. Unfortunately, much of the existing literature on family factors and eating disorders relies upon correlational data, as controlled studies are difficult to conduct within a family setting. Caution must therefore be applied to such findings, as one cannot assume causality; based on strictly correlational studies alone, it cannot be determined whether the family environment caused the eating disorder, or whether the eating disorder led to family dysfunction. Nevertheless, it remains useful to examine any significant factors that emerge from the literature in order to increase understanding about each potential factor influencing the development of eating disorders.
Individuals are pieces of a whole, called the family. The family has an undeniable influential role on each of the members of the unit, and conversely the individuals’ influence on the family unit. With this undeniable understanding of the family, it is important to look at the relationship between those with eating disorders and birth order. Is there a correlation between birth order and the development of either anorexia nervosa or bulimia? However, birth order only scratches the surface of the relationship between eating disorders and the family unit. Looking past potential relationships between birth order and eating disorders, is there the possibility of a relationship between eating disorders and the family dynamic? Perhaps the dynamic of the shared relationship between family members, beyond sibling relationships, plays an important role in the development of either anorexia nervosa or bulimia.
Muise, A. M., Stein, D. G., and Arbess, G. (2003). Eating disorders in adolescent boys: A review of the adolescent and young adult literature. Journal of adolescent Health, 33, 427-435.
Since the first century, eating disorders have been believed to exist. Binging and purging was present in 700 B.C. by the Romans who ate extravagantly at banquets and then rid of the consumed food by forcing it out of their bodies, which would then allow them to continue eating. Another examp...
The psychology of eating is an essential field of study in the modern world, especially when it comes to nutritional science. With obesity becoming a major health issue, psychologists have researched the emotional and psychological aspects of eating in an effort to explain eating behavior and help people deal with weight or health issues. This includes a lack of eating or an addiction to. Problems are usually caused by psychological problems relating to food or drinks and can result in eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia. Food is central to the lives of all, and more recently, media interest has focused public attention on the food we eat, and its influence on physical health and mental well-being. However, it is only in the past
Shapiro, C. M. (2012). Eating disorders: Causes, diagnosis, and treatments [Ebrary version]. Retrieved from http://libproxy.utdallas.edu/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/utdallas/Doc?id=10683384&ppg=3
Johnson, Craig, and Cynthia Bulik. "Genetics Play a Significant Role in Eating Disorders." Eating Disorders. Ed. Roman Espejo. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Brave New World: The Role of Genetics in the Prevention and Treatment of Eating Disorders." www.wpic.pitt.edu/research/pfanbn/genetics.html. 2002. 36-40. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 5 Dec. 2013.