Earthquakes
Earthquakes occur almost everyday all over the world. Most of the time earthquakes are not strong enough to be felt by people, but the shaking caused by an earthquake can be recorded by a seismometer. These machines are located all over the world to ensure detection of earthquakes of all strengths. Only occasionally will a larger magnitude earthquake strike and cause damage to the region. There are many faults around the world and depending on where these faults are plays a major factor in determining where an earthquake will occur. It is these faults that are the reason for earthquakes. The information seismologists know about past earthquakes and earthquakes in general give them a limited ability to generally predict when and where earthquakes are going to occur.
An earthquake is the shaking of Earth’s surface caused by rapid movement of the earth’s rocky outer layer. “Earthquakes occur when tension stored in rocks suddenly releases” (Vogt 12). Faults occur at these places where rocks on either side of the crack have moved. Oceans are very common places for major tectonic plates to shift. When two plates separate, new oceanic crust is made near the fault as magma rises and eventually sets on the sea floor. If the plates on either side of the fault continue to spread then the ocean slowly becomes larger in width. This is called seafloor spreading. Mid-ocean ridges are characterized by a crack like valley at the fault. This crack like valley is caused by the tension pulling the plates apart, causing normal faulting to occur a number of times in the divergent boundary.
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The most common type of fault is a normal or dip-slip fault. These occur when two blocks of earth are thrust toward each other, causing one to ride up over the other (Britt 1). “The hanging wall moves downward relative to the footwall” (Tarbuck 244). A reverse fault is the opposite of a normal fault. “The hanging wall moves upward relative to the footwall” (Tarbuck 244). A very powerful type of fault is the strike-slip fault that occurs when two plates slide past one another. The San Andreas Fault in California is a very good example of this type of fault. A great deal of damage is done when any type of fault shakes the soil under structures in a low-lying, waterlogged areas, causing liquefaction. Liquefaction occurs when an earthquake shakes the wet, sandy soil near a body of water.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that earthquakes can be recorded by seismometers, which are located all over the world.
- Explains that a dip-slip fault occurs when two blocks of earth are thrust toward each other, causing one to ride up over the other.
- Explains that a subduction zone is where two plates collide and one is forced below the other.
- Explains that earthquakes can be recorded by seismometers, which are located all over the world.
- Explains that a dip-slip fault occurs when two blocks of earth are thrust toward each other, causing one to ride up over the other.
- Explains that a subduction zone is where two plates collide and one is forced below the other.
- Explains that seismologists can measure movement along major faults using global positioning satellites to track the relative movement of the rocky crust.
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- What Causes Diastrophismexplanatory essayA transform fault is a fault in the Earth that is connected to a tectonic plate or another fault in the earth. Earthquakes in these faults are caused by two plates sliding past each other, laterally. They are called conservative plate boundaries because nothing in the lithosphere is destroyed or created. Also, there is no volcanism or orogeny, but there are visible cracks in the surface of the crust. Transform faults can also be found near mid-oceanic ridges (caused by an upwell of magma). Transform faults would be classified as a strike-slip fault movement, and the only type of strike-slip fault that is classified as a plate boundary. Because these faults are connected to other faults or plates, they can only grow, shrink or stay the same size. Transform faults will grow if they are connected to an upper block of a subduction zone and a spreading centre (the sea floor spreading into mid-oceanic ridge, caused by magma upwells). They will also increase in length if they are linked to two upper blocks of a subduction zone, when they move the fault could grow. In most other situations, the faults stay the same length. If the transform fault is in between two ridges, the equal pulling of the ridges could neutralize the possible size change. If a subduction plate and a ridge are linked, there will be no change because new sea floor is being created while some is being swallowed, canceling out potential
In this essay, the author
- Explains that a convergent boundary is formed when two or more tectonic, lithospheric plates collide. subduction occurs when one plate is consumed by magma in the internal structure of the earth.
- Describes transform faults, which are connected to tectonic plates, and describes how they can grow, shrink, or stay the same length.
- Explains that rift valleys are formed on a divergent plate boundary. rifts can occur at any location, of any elevation, and on both types of plates.
- Explains that a convergent boundary is formed when two or more tectonic, lithospheric plates collide. subduction occurs when one plate is consumed by magma in the internal structure of the earth.
- Describes transform faults, which are connected to tectonic plates, and describes how they can grow, shrink, or stay the same length.
- Explains that rift valleys are formed on a divergent plate boundary. rifts can occur at any location, of any elevation, and on both types of plates.
836 wordsRead More - Earthquakes Essayexplanatory essayThis sudden break results in an overwhelming amount of energy that in turn causes the seismic waves the make the ground shake. Friction is the result of two large rocks or tectonic plates rubbing against each other and often getting caught along each other’s edges. When these plates stick to each other, an energy and pressure buildup will occur that will ultimately makes the rocks break. This breaking results in an earthquake, but during and after this rapture, the broken pieces of rock will continue to move until they meet again. Where ever the two plates meet in the earth’s crust is called the focus of the earthquake whereas the spot directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the earthquakes epicenter.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that most earthquakes aren't strong enough to be felt by humans and animals, and can only be recorded by seismometers strategically placed in all corners of the world.
- Explains that earthquakes have been happening since the beginning of time, and the oldest recorded earthquake was recorded in china on 1177 b.c.
- Explains that in norse mythology, there are two stories that explain the trembling of the earth. in the first, it was believed that fenrir was to bring about ragnarok and kill the all-father odin.
- Explains that most earthquakes aren't strong enough to be felt by humans and animals, and can only be recorded by seismometers strategically placed in all corners of the world.
- Explains that earthquakes have been happening since the beginning of time, and the oldest recorded earthquake was recorded in china on 1177 b.c.
- Explains that in norse mythology, there are two stories that explain the trembling of the earth. in the first, it was believed that fenrir was to bring about ragnarok and kill the all-father odin.
- Explains the story of namazu, a giant catfish, in japanese mythology. it is supposedly guarded by the god of thunder and swords.
- Explains that earthquakes are the result of poseidon, god of the seas, oceans and earthquake. kisin, a malevolent underworld deity, would often uproot and destroy trees planted by chac.
- Explains that earthquakes are the result of sudden break along a fault in the earth's crust, which results in an overwhelming amount of energy that in turn causes the seismic waves to make the ground shake.
- Explains seismic waves are energy waves that are caused by the sudden breaking of rock in the earth's crust, or because of an explosion. earthquakes make up both surface and body waves.
- Explains that surface waves have a low frequency than body waves and are at fault for the destruction earthquakes cause.
- Explains that body waves travel in the earth's interior and arrive before surface waves, which are either p waves or s waves. primary waves are the fastest seismic wave and can move through solids and not liquids.
1225 wordsRead More - Earthquakesexplanatory essayAn earthquake can be defined as vibrations produced in the earth's crust. Tectonic plates have friction between them which
In this essay, the author
- Explains that they chose to research earthquakes and earthquake prediction because they were curious as to how they work.
- Explains that earthquakes are vibrations produced in the earth's crust, which can range from barely noticeable to a disastrous, and destructive act of nature.
- Explains that robert mallet proposed that earthquakes occurred either by sudden flexure and constraint of elastic materials forming a portion of the earth's crust or by their giving way and becoming fractured.
- Explains that they chose to research earthquakes and earthquake prediction because they were curious as to how they work.
- Explains that earthquakes are vibrations produced in the earth's crust, which can range from barely noticeable to a disastrous, and destructive act of nature.
- Explains that robert mallet proposed that earthquakes occurred either by sudden flexure and constraint of elastic materials forming a portion of the earth's crust or by their giving way and becoming fractured.
- Explains that tectonic earthquakes are the most devastating, because they are caused by the stress of the major and minor plates that make up the earth's crust. subduction-zone quakes occur in a variety of geological settings.
- Explains that tectonic earthquakes occur in areas far from other forms of seismic activity, such as new madrid, charleston, south carolina, and mount st. helens.
- Explains the destructive effects of earthquakes, such as landslides, tidal waves, and liquefaction of soils.
- Explains that seismologists have created two scales of measurement to describe earthquakes' power. the richter scale measures the energy released at the focus of an earthquake.
- Explains that earthquake predictions have been successful in china, japan, russia, and the u.s.
- Explains that earthquakes are unpredictable and devastating acts of nature. there is still alot more to be known about them that we still don't know about today.
2186 wordsRead More - Earthquake Essayexplanatory essayPlates on the outside layer of the Earth, called tectonic plates, are always moving and are roughly one hundred kilometers in thickness. In this case, an earthquake can happen as a result of the stress and movement caused by the plates rubbing back and forth. An earthquake can happen at measurements as great as seven hundred kilometers in length, when tectonic plates bump into each other. On the other hand, California for example, a place where its tectonic plates move past one another, experience shallower earthquakes. This type of earthquake is a result of the tectonic plates resisting and moving past one another along the ridges under the sea (“What causes earthquakes?”).
In this essay, the author
- Explains earthquakes are caused by a buildup of energy in volcanic or tectonic form.
- Explains that earthquakes occur when two tectonic plates touch each other, preventing any movement. rock breaking along a fault can cause the ground to shake because of the release of energy in the form of seismic waves.
- Explains that earthquakes can occur due to the stress and movement caused by the tectonic plates rubbing back and forth.
- Explains earthquakes are caused by a buildup of energy in volcanic or tectonic form.
- Explains that earthquakes occur when two tectonic plates touch each other, preventing any movement. rock breaking along a fault can cause the ground to shake because of the release of energy in the form of seismic waves.
- Explains that earthquakes can occur due to the stress and movement caused by the tectonic plates rubbing back and forth.
- Explains that intraplate earthquakes occur because of a fault that is pushed, as result of rocks that are compressed.
- Explains that a volcanic earthquake occurs when magma travels to the surface, breaking rocks, and causing an earthquake.
- Explains that earthquakes can cause landslides. earthquake magnitude has relations with the location of the earthquake, the distance, and the volume.
- Explains that foreshocks occur when pieces of rock crack under stress, before what is called the main shock.
- Explains that an aftershock is a tinier earthquake that might happen in the same location.
- Explains how charles f. richter invented the richter scale, using an equation tied to the amplitude of the largest wave ever recorded on a seismometer. later, other inventions were developed similar to that specific scale.
- Compares the moment magnitude scale with the richter scale, which allows for more accurate assessments of earthquakes of larger magnitudes.
- Explains how earthquakes can be broken down into different classes, and their magnitudes, from how are earthquake magnitudes measured?
- Explains that the mercalli scale is important to keep in mind when measuring the magnitude of an earthquake.
- Argues that the idea that someone can predict an earthquake is untrue. some people argue that animals act weird because of foreshocks.
- Explains that the majority of earthquakes occur between the boundaries of plates in the solomon islands, indonesia, and japan. earthquakes can also strike when one plate is forced past another.
- Describes the destruction of haiti's lycee marie-jeanne school for girls and delmas 32, a police precinct. before the earthquake, there was concern on the well-being of the haitian children.
- Narrates how an earthquake in niigata, japan injured around nine hundred people and caused nine deaths. the quake also set off a nuclear power plant that trickled radioactive substance into the sea of japan.
- Explains that sendai, japan was hit by an earthquake on march 11th, 2011 — normally, the japanese are accustomed to earthquakes, but this time, people realized the earthquake was different.
- Explains that an earthquake occurred on mexico’s pacific coast in guerrero, mexico on may 8th, 2014. the damage of the earthquake was extensive.
- Explains that earthquakes are important to study, since they affect so many people per year.
1870 wordsRead More - Major Earthquakes are Inevitable in Indiana’s Futureopinion essayEarthquakes are a natural part of the Earth’s evolution. Scientific evidence leads many geologists to believe that all of the land on Earth was at one point in time connected. Because of plate tectonic movements or earthquakes, continental drift occurred separating the one massive piece of land in to the seven major continents today. Further evidence supports this theory, starting with the Mid-Atlantic ridge, a large mass of plate tectonics, which are increasing the size of the Atlantic Ocean while shrinking the Pacific. Some scientists believe that the major plate moveme...
In this essay, the author
- Opines that major earthquakes are inevitable in indiana's future. the quake, whose epicenter was located north of evansville, was a wake-up call reminding those who haven't paid attention to past warnings.
- Explains that earthquakes are volcanic or tectonic in origin, and that more than 8,000 earthquakes occur each day without causing damage.
- Explains that earthquakes are a natural part of the earth's evolution, and geologists believe that all land on earth was at one point in time connected.
- Opines that major earthquakes are inevitable in indiana's future. the quake, whose epicenter was located north of evansville, was a wake-up call reminding those who haven't paid attention to past warnings.
- Explains that earthquakes are volcanic or tectonic in origin, and that more than 8,000 earthquakes occur each day without causing damage.
- Explains that earthquakes are a natural part of the earth's evolution, and geologists believe that all land on earth was at one point in time connected.
- Explains the richter scale, which measures the "back and forth force" of an earthquake using an instrument called a seismograph.
- Explains that the largest earthquake ever recorded in the world occurred in chile and registered a 9.5 in 1960.
- Explains that large earthquakes reaching a richter scale magnitude of 6.0 in indiana are predicted to occur in approximately 2,000-year cycles, but geologists don't know when the last one occurred.
- Explains that the wabash river valley fault line runs between vincennes and terre haute. most predicted epicenters are located in southwest indiana and southern illinois.
- Explains that samuelson believes that there is a greater earthquake possibility in indiana. the new madrid fault line is the largest fault in the midwest.
- Opines that an earthquake along the new madrid fault line could be more devastating to indiana than a quake from the wabash valley
- Opines that an earthquake would destroy and damage property for miles from the epicenter, killing thousands of people who are not prepared to deal with its effects.
- Explains that there is not much concern in the muncie area about devastating earthquakes. samuelson is certain that if the seismic strength of a quake was great enough, it could do damage to buildings.
- Explains that delaware county emergency management agency has an all hazards, all risks plan for tornadoes, floods and earthquakes.
- Opines that gaznell's only specific plan is what-to-do in the event of a chemical or nuclear attack, which is written in response to the terrorist threats facing the country.
- Suggests the american red cross prepare for an earthquake by preparing a home earthquake plan, practicing drills, and choosing an out-of-town contact. prepare disaster supplies for home and car.
- Describes the steps to follow when shaking begins, and explains how to prepare for aftershocks, such as checking for injuries and extinguishing small fires.
- Argues that indiana's fault lines are further underground than those in california and alaska, causing more minor quakes in the midwest.
1293 wordsRead More - Causes Of The 1906 San Francisco Earthquakeexplanatory essayMr. Adams describes the San Francisco earthquake as his most profound human suffering experience because the horror of shaking floors, parts of his mom’s house collapse to the floor, and got a broken nose from stumbling into a brick wall (Ansel Adams & The 1906 Earthquake 2008). Earthquakes are part of natural disasters of the earth and normally caused by shaking the ground and rapid movement of one block of rock slipping past another along fractures in the earth crust called faults. Faults are usually locked excluding abrupt movements with slippage that create earthquakes (Lutgens, F. & Tarbuck,
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the 1906 san francisco earthquake was a natural disaster that was estimated to be magnitude 7.8 and caused the casualties of 2,000 people.
- Describes the 1906 san francisco earthquake, a natural disaster that was responsible for structural damage and the lives of many people.
- Explains that the 1906 san francisco earthquake was worse due to the ruptured power lines, which became uncontrollable because the water mains were also broken.
- Explains that the 1906 san francisco earthquake was a natural disaster that was estimated to be magnitude 7.8 and caused the casualties of 2,000 people.
- Describes the 1906 san francisco earthquake, a natural disaster that was responsible for structural damage and the lives of many people.
- Explains that the 1906 san francisco earthquake was worse due to the ruptured power lines, which became uncontrollable because the water mains were also broken.
- Explains that the 1906 san francisco earthquake killed around 3,000 people and left countless residents homeless. the army provided housing for 20, 000 refugees in military camps.
- Explains that the 1906 san francisco earthquake was caused by the san andreas fault, a zone of seismic activity due to the tectonic plates moving against each under the earth.
- Explains how to identify safe places such as under a sturdy piece of furniture or against an interior wall in your home, office, or school so that when the shaking starts, you drop to the ground, cover your head and neck with your arms, and crawl to it and hold on.
- Explains the basics of getting ready for an earthquake, such as dropping down into the floor and covering head and neck with arms, if still in danger of falling objects and crawling under a sturdy desk or table.
- Explains that the 1906 san francisco earthquake was originated like every other earthquake with shaking and violent movements, which according to photographer ansel adams lasted forever.
- Explains that the 1906 earthquake was the most destructive natural event in the history of san francisco.
- Explains that the 99.7% chance of an earthquake in california as predicted by the usgs is important because people prepare by creating a plan.
1908 wordsRead More - The San Francisco Earthquake Of 1906analytical essayFrom studying the science behind the San Francisco earthquake, scientists have made a number of important discoveries involving how earthquakes function. At 5:12 on a fateful April morning in 1906, the mammoth Pacific and North American plates sheared each other at an incredible twenty-one feet along the San Andreas fault, surpassing the annual average of two inches (“San Francisco Earthquake of 1906”) (“The Great 1906 Earthquake and Fires”). A few seconds later, the destructive earthquake occurred. The ground shifted at almost five feet per second, and the shaking could be felt all the way from southern Oregon to southern Los Angeles to central Nevada (“Quick”) (“The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake”). In fact, the earthquake could be registered in a seismograph on Capetown, South Africa, an astounding 10,236 miles away...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that san francisco was in the midst of the second industrial revolution, when a devastating earthquake hit the city on april 18, 1906.
- Explains how the 1906 san francisco earthquake has affected the advanced knowledge in earthquakes that scientists have today.
- Explains that san francisco's weak alarm system broke down during the first earthquake tremor, thus not a single alarm went off during three days and three nights the fires lasted.
- Explains that san francisco was in the midst of the second industrial revolution, when a devastating earthquake hit the city on april 18, 1906.
- Explains how the 1906 san francisco earthquake has affected the advanced knowledge in earthquakes that scientists have today.
- Explains that san francisco's weak alarm system broke down during the first earthquake tremor, thus not a single alarm went off during three days and three nights the fires lasted.
- Explains that san francisco was built in a haphazard manner, with weak building structures and rudimentary fire protection.
- Analyzes how the 1906 san francisco earthquake devastated the city and its citizens. the earthquake and fires left 3,000 people dead and over 400,000 homeless, while the u.s. army provided basic necessities.
986 wordsRead More - Thromas By Zeta Stevens Why Do Earthquakes Occur?explanatory essayThe earth is split into four layers, inner and outer core, the mantle and crust. The top of the mantle and crust make up what is like the skin of our earth (see source 2). The skin is split up like a puzzle and we call these puzzle pieces’ tectonic plates (see source 1). These plates are constantly moving and the plate boundaries (edges of the plates) move and slide past one another. Sometimes as the plates move the plate boundaries become stuck. Pressure builds up in the stuck area over time and eventually breaks. This is why earthquakes occur due to the sudden movement of the plate sliding and breaking creating a fault line to go off. The fault line is the line on which the
In this essay, the author
- Explains that an earthquake occurs when a fault line goes off and parts of plates become stuck against one another.
- Explains that earthquakes occur on earth's fault lines, but no part of the earth is free from them. the pacific plate collides with the eurasian plate.
- Explains that earthquakes can cause other hazards such as tsunamis, avalanches, and landslides.
- Explains that an earthquake occurs when a fault line goes off and parts of plates become stuck against one another.
- Explains that earthquakes occur on earth's fault lines, but no part of the earth is free from them. the pacific plate collides with the eurasian plate.
- Explains that earthquakes can cause other hazards such as tsunamis, avalanches, and landslides.
- Explains that earthquakes are very common because the earth's tectonic plates are constantly moving. statistics show that over 1 million occur each year worldwide, but they can't be felt by humans.
- Describes the impacts of earthquakes on the economy, society, and environment.
- Explains that earthquakes have many impacts that affect the earth and us as humans. the 9.5 magnitude earthquake in chile killed more than 5000 people, and the 2011 christchurch earthquake left 100 000 homes needing repair.
- Explains that the earth is split into four layers: the inner and outer core, the mantle and crust, and the tectonic plates.
- Explains that earthquakes occur with the tectonic plates movements and with them colliding, sliding or doing both against each other.
1145 wordsRead More - The San Andreas Earthquakeanalytical essayEarthquakes are one of the most mysterious natural disasters that we deal with to his day. That is the thriller of earthquakes, is the fact that they are so strange and bizarre that it keeps us guessing when the next one is to come. The San Andreas Fault earthquake is the most mysterious, dangerous, and soon to come earthquakes that we still do not necessarily have a date on towards when it will happen.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes the mysterious nature of earthquakes, which keeps us guessing when the next one will come. the san andreas fault earthquake is the most mysterious, dangerous, and soon to come earthquake that we still don't have a date on.
- Explains that the san andreas fault is a powerful earthquake, but it's not clockwork. many researchers have been looking into when the mysterious earthquake can occur.
- States that the san andreas is the most worrisome tectonic plate in california, and the quakes will have a bigger effect on the people living near the fault.
- Analyzes the mysterious nature of earthquakes, which keeps us guessing when the next one will come. the san andreas fault earthquake is the most mysterious, dangerous, and soon to come earthquake that we still don't have a date on.
- Explains that the san andreas fault is a powerful earthquake, but it's not clockwork. many researchers have been looking into when the mysterious earthquake can occur.
- States that the san andreas is the most worrisome tectonic plate in california, and the quakes will have a bigger effect on the people living near the fault.
- Opines that researchers and scientists have some ideas that the earthquake may occur soon. parkfield, in central california, is the site of the first official earthquake prediction.
- Explains that the san andreas fault earthquake is mysterious, dangerous, and soon to come earthquakes that we will not know when they will occur.
942 wordsRead More - Earthquake Geophysics Essayexplanatory essayAn earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another. The surface where they slip is called the fault or fault plane. The location below the earth’s surface where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter, and the location directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that an earthquake occurs when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another. the surface where they slip is called the fault or fault plane.
- Explains earthquake geophysics, which consists of a 30 km thick crust, 2900 km mantle, and 3470 km core. elastic rebound theory of reid is based on this property.
- Explains that reid suggests that the crust, in many parts of the earth, is being slowly displaced and the difference between displacements in neighboring regions sets up elastic strains, which may become greater than the rock can endure.
- Explains that an earthquake occurs when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another. the surface where they slip is called the fault or fault plane.
- Explains earthquake geophysics, which consists of a 30 km thick crust, 2900 km mantle, and 3470 km core. elastic rebound theory of reid is based on this property.
- Explains that reid suggests that the crust, in many parts of the earth, is being slowly displaced and the difference between displacements in neighboring regions sets up elastic strains, which may become greater than the rock can endure.
- Explains that the point where the earthquake originated is called focus or hypocenter and on the earth surface directly above the focus, the epicenter. earthquakes are divided into the following types according to their depths
- Explains that wave's pass through earth and produce motion to the ground during an earthquake.
- Describes the effects of earthquakes, such as shaking of ground, displacement, fire, tsunami, flooding, soil liquefaction, and slope failure.
- Explains the magnitude of the tohoku earthquake, which is also called great east japan earthquake.
- Describes some major earthquakes worldwide with their damages to the life.
- Explains that soils and ground have significant role in earthquake assessment or seismic hazard assessment and helps to form earthquake resistant design.
- Explains that fluid induced seismicity is observed in oil-well stimulation, hydro thermal fields, filling of dams, and mine flooding.
- Explains that fluid induced seismicity is happening in oil field wells when there is less production from the oil well then the high pressured water is introduced underground in to stimulation well.
- Describes a well drilled by the us army in rocky mountain arsenal in the denver basin in 1961, where fluids were injected at the rate of 7.5-21 million per month.
- Explains that there was no seismicity in the area before the wellbore injection project started and after that a lot of seismic events happened.
- Explains that the malpasset dam collapsed due to rock foundation failure. water flowed in the fractures of bed rock at the bottom or toe of the dam, forcing it to lean downward.
- Analyzes the correlation between seismicity and increasing water level in the flooding area of a south african mine.
- Explains that the delay in seismic activity in mining was similar to that in dam impoundment. the delay fluid induced seismicity was observed in the rocky mountain arsenal case.
- Explains that earthquake prediction by environmental isotopes and tracing techniques has been noticed since 1980s. the mechanism of deep migration and to determine fault activity is used.
- Explains tracing techniques application of stable isotopes o18 and h2 can be measured with the help of mass spectrometer. investigation of circulation depth of geothermal water, water rock interactions and ground water recharge could evolve seismicity.
- Explains that groundwater shows abnormal changes due to observation environment changes or tectonic activity in the distant area. by tracing techniques of h2 and o18 the changes in water can be determined.
- Explains that earthquake gestation and occurrence is closely associated with the geothermal fluid's circulation depth.
- Explains that the greater the circulation depth of water more negative is the values.
- Explains that fault intensity becomes smaller and fault tends to move if the depth of circulation of geothermal water is large.
- Explains that wang studied the area south of zhangjiakou city for the seismicity and hydrothermal activity.
- Explains that water-rock interaction and fluid rock interaction change isotopic composition with rocks through which they are flowing. anomaly in ground water can be determined by long-term measurements of deep wells and hot springs.
- Explains that earthquakes and groundwater level fluctuations correlation can give us sign that how crust responses in response to tectonic stress and strain.
- Explains the effects of earthquakes on groundwater level changes in unconsolidated sedimentary basins. japan is one of the seismically active regions in the world.
- Describes the geological setting of kumamoto city, which is composed of unconsolidated sediments of upper quaternary.
- Explains that four earthquakes affected the groundwater level in kumamoto city during the study period of 10 years.
- Explains wang and manga (2010) and wang (2007) proposed a parameter (e) for the responses of seismic energy.
- Explains that the moment magnitude of kme was the smallest from all the four earthquakes, but the range of groundwater level change is highest among the 54 wells.
- Explains the range of ground water level changes due to foe earthquake was 0.01m – 0.15m which was at second number.
3184 wordsRead More - Power of the Quakeexplanatory essayAn earthquake is a vibration of the Earths surface that follows a release of energy in the Earths crust. There are various ways this energy is released. Manmade explosions, dislocation of segments of the crust or volcanic eruptions are all triggers for an Earthquake; however, most are caused by a slippage of faults. A fault is a fracture in the Earths crust along which two blocks of the crust have slipped within one another. These faults are grouped into three categories (normal, thrust and strike-slip) and are located all over the Earth.
In this essay, the author
- Explains how technology can reduce the loss of life in earthquake-prone areas. engineers have developed a number of different ways to build earthquake resistant structures.
- Explains dunegan, h.l., prediction of earthquakes home what’s new about ae/ms.
- Explains that earthquakes are caused by a slippage of faults, which are located all over the earth.
- Explains how technology can reduce the loss of life in earthquake-prone areas. engineers have developed a number of different ways to build earthquake resistant structures.
- Explains dunegan, h.l., prediction of earthquakes home what’s new about ae/ms.
- Explains that earthquakes are caused by a slippage of faults, which are located all over the earth.
- Explains that earthquakes are measured using seismographs and ground motions. seismograms reveal that seismic waves are elastic energy.
- Cites mooney, m.j. (1990). tsunami. (when the sea quakes) americas, vol. 42 issue 4.
1656 wordsRead More - Earthquake Essayexplanatory essayEarthquakes are caused by tectonic plates moving in the earth's crust. They either move apart or pull together at faults. Two forms of faults are normal faulting where the hanging wall moves downward causing rocks to be pulled apart by tension and reverse faulting, which is the opposite where the hanging wall moves upward casuing rocks to be forced together by tension. These movements cause tectonic plate boundaries called divergent boundaries, convergent boundaries and transform boundaries. Each boundary is different and play a
In this essay, the author
- Explains an earthquake is the shaking of the ground caused by sudden release of energy inside the earth's crust and the breaking and moving of tectonic plates along a fault line.
- Explains that earthquakes have three different types of shocks that are normally felt by humans: foreshocks, the main shock, and after.
- Explains that earthquakes are measured on two different types of seismometers: the richter scale and the modified mercalli intensity scale.
- Explains an earthquake is the shaking of the ground caused by sudden release of energy inside the earth's crust and the breaking and moving of tectonic plates along a fault line.
- Explains that earthquakes have three different types of shocks that are normally felt by humans: foreshocks, the main shock, and after.
- Explains that earthquakes are measured on two different types of seismometers: the richter scale and the modified mercalli intensity scale.
- Explains that earthquakes are classified as primary and secondary impacts. tsunamis, fires and landslides destroy everything in their path.
- Explains that earthquakes can't be predicted, as scientists have tried many different things to try to predict them, but all have failed.
- Explains that earthquakes are caused by tectonic plates moving in the earth's crust, which either move apart or pull together at faults.
879 wordsRead More - Haiti´s 2010 Earthquake and Its Effectexplanatory essayThe earthquake was caused by a strike-slip fault. A strike-slip fault is when the rupture is almost nearly vertical movement. During an earthquake, they slide past each other.
In this essay, the author
- Describes how a 7.0 magnitude earthquake devastated haiti on the 12th of january 2010. the damage was so cataclysmic that 300,000 people were injured and over one million were left homeless.
- Explains that the earthquake happened on a fault line between the conservative plate boundaries of the north american and caribbean plate.
- Explains that the earthquake was caused by a strike-slip fault.
- Describes how a 7.0 magnitude earthquake devastated haiti on the 12th of january 2010. the damage was so cataclysmic that 300,000 people were injured and over one million were left homeless.
- Explains that the earthquake happened on a fault line between the conservative plate boundaries of the north american and caribbean plate.
- Explains that the earthquake was caused by a strike-slip fault.
- Explains that after the earthquake, two twin tsunamis were in-directly formed, which caused some unstable land to fall off into the sea, this is also known as a landslide.
- Describes the damage caused by haiti's weak infrastructure and the lack of food and electricity. the u.s. sent 100 million in relief aid for the people so they could recover faster.
- Explains that scientists predicted that a major earthquake would happen, and warned people as early as 2008. after the earthquake, nobody knew about the tsunami.
- Explains that haiti is still struggling to rebuild itself after hurricane sandy set it back with food shortages and cholera outbreaks. corruption takes place in this as all the aid money does not reach the people.
- Explains that the haiti earthquake wasn't the biggest people have experienced due to the poor infrastructure of the buildings. port-au-price is the capitol of haiti and is very populated.
801 wordsRead More - The Northridge California Earthquakeexplanatory essayBefore examining the Northridge event, understanding the naturally occurring hazard that is an earthquake will help to better understand exactly what happened and why it was such an important geological event. With four distinct layers, two layers, the crust and upper portion of the mantle, compose the skin that is the surface layer of the Earth. The crust is not a single, continuous piece. It is actually several different pieces, or plates, that come together to form the puzzle that comprises the surface of the Earth. These plates are in constant motion rubbing against one another. These areas, known as fault lines, where the plates rub up against one another have spots where one plate ”gets stuck while the rest of the plate keeps moving. When the plate has moved far enough, the edges unstick and is how most of the earthquakes around the world occur” (Wald, 2012). The energy stored from the friction of the two plate...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that humans accept a certain amount of risk when choosing to live their lives. tornadoes in the midwest, hurricanes along the gulf coast or earthquakes are all hazards that residents in those regions accept and live with.
- Explains that the northridge earthquake was an important geological event. the crust and upper portion of the mantle make up the surface layer of earth.
- Explains that the northridge earthquake left a lasting impression on anyone who survived.
- Explains that humans accept a certain amount of risk when choosing to live their lives. tornadoes in the midwest, hurricanes along the gulf coast or earthquakes are all hazards that residents in those regions accept and live with.
- Explains that the northridge earthquake was an important geological event. the crust and upper portion of the mantle make up the surface layer of earth.
- Explains that the northridge earthquake left a lasting impression on anyone who survived.
- Explains that the northridge earthquake struck at 4:31 am local time. the response to the event occurred quickly.
- Explains that los angeles was prepared to respond to an earthquake and did so quickly. the recovery and reconstruction plan assigns primary responsibility for 300 separate tasks to at least one city agency or department.
- Opines that fema's response was no less important or immediate than that of the city, county or state.
- Opines that fema's assistance to displaced families didn't end there. it worked with the state of california and housing and urban development to relocate one hundred and thirty thousand families.
- Explains that the small business administration (sba) offered assistance to businesses and individuals. the sba issued loans totaling about four billion dollars to replace real estate damaged in the disaster.
- Explains that earthquakes have no early warning system unlike hurricanes or tornadoes, so no watch or warning was ever issued for the northridge earthquake.
- Analyzes how the northridge, california earthquake, the most expensive disaster in american history, left scars on the landscape and in the minds of those who lived through it.
- Summarizes the northridge earthquake: 1994 quake still fresh in los angeles minds after 20 years.
- Explains gordon, k., and emerson, j. governing through a disaster: lessons from the 1994 northridge earthquake.
1129 wordsRead More - The Great Alaska Earthquakeexplanatory essayAdditionally, this earthquake occurred on a thrust fault. This fault was a subduction zone slip which occurred primarily beneath the ocean were the Pacific plate plunges underneath the North American plate. This sudden upward movement of the sea floor along the rupturing fault generated a massive tsunami. This vertical deformation
In this essay, the author
- Describes the magnitude 9.2 of the great alaska earthquake, which struck the prince william sound region of alaska on march 27, 1964.
- Explains the cause of the massive earthquake in alaska, which was felt about 1,300,000 square kilometers away from the epicenter.
- Explains that the earthquake occurred on a thrust fault, which occurred primarily beneath the ocean where the pacific plate plunged underneath the north american plate.
- Describes the magnitude 9.2 of the great alaska earthquake, which struck the prince william sound region of alaska on march 27, 1964.
- Explains the cause of the massive earthquake in alaska, which was felt about 1,300,000 square kilometers away from the epicenter.
- Explains that the earthquake occurred on a thrust fault, which occurred primarily beneath the ocean where the pacific plate plunged underneath the north american plate.
- Explains that the aftershock zone was 250 km wide and extended from prince william sound to the southwestern end to kodiak island.
- Explains that the damage to buildings in southern alaska varied considerably, depending on the foundation and the type of structure.
- Explains that liquefaction caused landslides and avalanches in turnagain heights, anchorage, and the government hill grade school.
- Explains that the death toll from the massive earthquake was 15 with an additional 124 due to the ensuing tsunami. the low population concentration and the time of day, also it was the good friday holiday.
- Describes how the state of alaska and the federal government cleaned up after the quake. the u.s. army corps of engineers spent $110 million dollars rebuilding roads and clearing debris.
- Explains that the u.s. geological survey has recently equipped a few buildings with complex motion sensors to understand how they respond to quakes, as part of its advanced national seismic system.
- Explains that the building is equipped with 32 instruments from basement to ceiling to detect swaying, twisting and rocking that are produced from seismic waves. the data obtained is used to see what designs work and what kind of damage, which is often structurally hidden, appears.
- Explains abby lautt, field producer. "alaska state troopers." 2013. national geographics.
- Cites galvin, john, "great alaskan earthquake and tsunami: alaska, march 1964." popular mechanics.
- Cites bolt, bruce a., christensen, doug, and irvine, tom. the great alaska earthquake of 1964.
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