Early Iraq Research Paper

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Historical Background:
The modern history of Iraq begins with its cession from the Ottoman Empire at the end of the first World War. Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, the territory that would later become Iraq fell under British hands as a League of Nations Mandate. The Mandatory Iraq was built upon a weak foundation. Conflicting promises between the British and the French and the Arab resistance to the Ottomans led to early domestic strife. The Hussein-McMahon Correspondence between the British and Arab resistance, which garnered Arab support in the region against the Ottomans, was largely ignored in favor of the Sykes-Picot Agreement. Failure to deliver on the promises of McMahon resulted in rebellions and protests that the British …show more content…

The Ba’ath Party also put an end to the First Kurdish-Iraq War, which began in 1961, beginning negotiations for regional autonomy. Iraq continued to restore diplomatic relations throughout the Middle East and with the USSR in the early 1970s. Conflict between the Kurds and Iraqi government erupted again in 1974 and by the end of 1975 the Iraqi government cemented firm control over the region. During this time Saddam Hussein began to cultivate power from within the Ba’ath Party. Hussein took control of the party under a pro-Arab and Nasser rhetoric, opposing the accords between Sadat’s Egypt and Israel. Hussein took the presidency Shi’ites inspired by the Iranian Revolution, sought to tear down what they claimed was a Sunni controlled government. After quickly putting down the revolt, Hussein pivoted to Iran to put down what he saw as a Shia threat to the secular Iraqi government. Though the Iraqi government declared victory over Iran in the Iran-Iraq War, it had racked up massive debt and had to quickly turn its attention to another Kurdish rebellion in the …show more content…

The 2005 elections and Constitutional ratification were met with violent Sunni-Shia conflict. This was met with a surge of troops by the US in 2007 and the arming of the Iraqi forces with US weaponry in 2008. US withdrawal begins in 2009 and ends in 2011. Following the withdrawal, an insurgency (now called the Iraq Crisis) broke out between the Iraqi government, Shia rebels, the newly independent terrorist group ISIS (a break off from Al-Qaeda), and Ba’ath loyalists. The crisis evolved into the ongoing Iraqi Civil War when ISIS seized territory in western Iraq and eastern

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