Early Cross-Culture Settlement on the Northern Black Sea Coast
Scyles was a Scythian prince who led a double life. He was a prince of the Scythian nomads who controlled a large area surrounding the Greek colonies on the northern Black Sea coast. But like all great Greek plays, his story is a tragedy. Scyles was fascinated by the city of Olbia and the high culture of the Greeks. So he created a second life for himself within the walls of Olbia; he kept a Geek wife and built a palace to live in.. He dressed in Greek robes and participated in the Greek religious festivals. However this was his secret for he never told nor shared this part of himself with his nomad tribesmen. His was a world of duality. One day during the celebrations of Dionysus, some of Scyles’ tribesmen came to peer over the city walls and saw their prince parading down the avenue leading the Greek procession in their festivities. It is easy to estimate what happened. Scyles was found out and forced to flee, he sought asylum in Thrace but was handed back for execution to his usurping brother. Treason of nation has always been a capital crime. The story of Scyles is an important because it gives us a glimpse into the world of the Greek colonies on the Black Sea coast. Although they were founded and cultivated by the Greeks, it was ultimately the peoples of the region, mainly the Scyths whose future the cities hands lay in. Archaeologically we can see a unique blend of the two civilizations working together and in opposition to control the power and economy of this region
The city of Olbia was one of the most influential of the Black Sea colonies, and although not the largest it was one of the oldest and had a critical geographical position that gave it its prestige. Archaeologically, Olbia provides an opportunity to examine a classic Greek colony as well as a glimpse at the interaction of two cultures developing alongside each other.
Olbia
The existing site of Olbia can be seen clearly from the water. It is about three miles in length and lies on the Bug River estuary near the Dnepr River. It’s location is central because of the adjoining agricultural communities of the Scyths.
Burckhardt, Jacob, The Greeks and Greek Civilization, St. Martin’s Press, 175 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10010, 1998.
The relationships of the Axumite Empire with the world outside its borders was almost entirely based on trade and military conquest. The key location of Axum in the horn of Africa, which is now Ethiopia, near The Red Sea and the Indian Sea made Axum one of the most important trading posts of the time. In the documents “The Periplus of the Erythraen Sea”, “The Christian Topography” by Cosmas and “Inscription on a Stone Throne” The authors describe different features of the trading practices and military campaigns of Axum that had a significant impact in the neighboring empires. From the grandeur of the Axumite port Adulis and the products that were available for import and export. To how they conducted the trading of materials and resources for gold with the neighboring African peoples. And military conquests that expanded the wealth of Axum.
Elizabeth Loftus, is a psychologist, mainly concerned with how subsequent information can affect an eyewitness’s testimony. Loftus has focused on misleading information in both the difference in wording of questions and how these questions can influence eyewitness testimony. This research is important because frequently, eyewitness testimony is a crucial element in criminal proceedings. Throughout Loftus’s career she has found a witness’s memory is highly flexible and subject to being influenced. The classic study by Loftus and Palmer (1974), illustrates that eyewitness testimony can be influenced by leading questions and ultimately proved unreliable.
The Iliad alone would never have been a reliable source without archaeological evidence to verify the actuality of a Trojan war. Therefore archaeologists have been working on the site known as hissarlik since the 1800’s to uncover truths about the myth. Frank Calv...
Following Greek’s “Dark Age,” the Archaic Age (circa 800-500 B.C.E.) led to important political changes for the region, with the most important one being the development of the city-state called a polis (plural poleis). While there were a number of developments during the Archaic Age, perhaps the most valuable lessons that can be drawn from Greek civilization and from the formation and evolution of the Greek poleis.
In the years following the Persian Wars in 479 B.C., Athens had come out on top being the most dominantly powerful of any Greek city with a navy that had superior strength that increased day by day. The Athenians “ruled with heavy-handed, even brutal force as well as with reason” (Kagan 2). This was due largely to the fact that Athens had a stable and effective government, which only increased their advantage in proving themselv...
Psychological research shows, a witness's memory of details during the commission of a crime, has a high probability of containing significant errors. In response to these findings, the question is should witness testimony still be permissible in a court of law? Obviously, the answer to this question is an important one and is debatable. Consequently, what we know is many innocent people go to jail due to eyewitness misidentification. Therefore, it is imperative that all defense attorneys thoroughly evaluate the validity of eyewitness recollection events. Any defense attorney who does anything less is ignoring the findings of the psychological community and its’ study of how the brain functions. As a result, an intense analysis of an
In order to make collective bargaining successful unions, and their members, must reach a greater understanding of all aspects and conditions with the company that employs the members. Concessions must be made on both ends to achieve a result that is satisfactory and improving. Common grounds for agreement include wages, hours, and the conditions in the workplace. Occasionally, when concessions can’t be reached strikes may result.
Gates, Charles. Ancient Cities: The Archaeology of Urban Life in the Ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece, and Rome. London: Routledge, 2003. Print.
Although whale watching is spectacular to watch lets go more in-depth with the affects sonar has on the environment. Sound Navigation and Ranging has a warrant out for whales and has accounted for more than
However, National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) studies that there is a recent collapse in the population due to “alteration of ambient stream water temperatures” (Kris), and human activities such as logging and fish farming. As a result, the Orcinus Orca become apprehensive for the sudden decline in salmon, having to segregate from their suitable environment, and eventually die from starvation and the incapability to maintain homeostasis. As stated in the previous paragraph, contaminants are also a significant hazard to a killer whale’s natural habitat. A common pollutant is Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB), which is presently bootlegged but was frequently used in Europe from 1954 to 1984 although governments banned the contaminant in 1979. Europe presumably has exceeding levels of PCB because they delayed the ban by five years. Additional harmful substances that affect the orca’s environment are lead, mercury, abandoned marine toxic waste dumps and pollution of inland waters. Nonetheless, the pollutants and destructive human activities are beginning to be recognized worldwide as environmental problems by The European Union and Michael Jasny, a lawyer and senior policy analyst for the Natural Resources Defense Council, who are active in reducing undersea noise. Underwater noise results from ship trafficking which prevents killer whales and other marine mammals from communicating and finding prey, causing
Kaltsas, Nikos E. Athens-Sparta. New York, NY: Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation (USA) in Collaboration with the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, 2006. Print.
Diversity in the workplace is very important in today’s global workforce because workers in the economy all over the world are currently made up of many different ethnicities, varied cultures, beliefs, and backgrounds. People that are involved in management such as managers, and supervisors could greatly benefit from being accustomed to diversity in the workplace because their job entails dealing with a multicultural work environment on a daily basis. Knowing how to handle diversity in the workforce and having the necessary skills for supervisors would be beneficial not only to them but also to the success of the company and economy because a strong, diversified workforce will create a more “creative, innovative, and productive workforce.” (Kerby, 2012).
“The first advanced culture in Greece, and indeed in all of Europe, was created by a people referred to today as the Minoans. Their civilization flourished from about 2200 to 1450 B.C. on Crete, the large island located about one hundred miles southeast of the Gree...
Watkins WA, Daher MA, Fristrup KM, Howald TJ (1993) Sperm whales tagged with transponders and tracked underwater by sonar. Marine Mammal Society. 9(1):55-67