Armstrong, K. L. (2000). African-American Students’ Responses to Race as a Source Cue in Persuasive Sport Communications. Journal of Sports Management, 14, 208-227.
It is important to think about all of the campaigning, advertising, and announcing that goes into sport communication. The article explains how when dealing with sports communication they always relate back to race. The study was to examine students and try to figure the response one might receive from the students from the role that was being portrayed. When the results came in they showed that African Americans held race at a higher value when dealing with the sports communication process.
Armstrong, K. L. (2000) race and sport consumption motivations: A preliminary investigation of a black consumers’ sport motivation scale. Journal of Sport Management.
In this article sports consumption is explained. In this article Armstrong gives rise to the question, why do different races eat up the sports world in different ways and fashions? The article suggests that African Americans consume the sports world based on previous hardships. The article also suggests that Caucasian people eat up the sports world for the excitement of the game. The article also spoke a little about the differences between men and women and how their motivation toward sports are similar in some
Ethnicity in today’s sports 3 aspects. The fact that women are raised to be “girly” and men are raised to be “manly” makes their eagerness and motivation different.
Davis, H. & Stacia, L. (2001). Career maturity and the Black college student-athlete. The Sicence & Engineering Journal, 63, pgs.
This article studied the differences between black student-athletes, white student-athletes, and non student-athletes. . There is now talk of placing athletes in a comprehensive career planning intervention program before entering college to help with their career planning skills. The reason for implementing this program is due to the percentages that came from the study done. The study showed that a higher percentage of African American student athletes chose majors that had little or nothing to do with their chosen career path. The study also showed that more often than not African Americans had dreams of pro sport careers. The outcome of the study was the exact opposite when dealing with white student athletes. Most white student athletes chose majors that reflected their chosen career path and a low percentage had dreams of a pro sports career.
Goldsmith, P.A.
Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 opens with Guy Montag, a fireman, reminiscing of the pleasures of burning. As the story unfolds, we learn that Montag is a fireman who rids the world of books by burning all that are found. Walking home one night Montag meets Clarisse, his strong minded neighbor. She begins peppering him with questions. Clarisse doesn’t go along with societal norms and Montag realizes that immediately. “I rarely watch the 'parlor walls ' or go to races or Fun Parks. So I 've lots of time for crazy thoughts, I guess.” (Bradbury 3) Clarisse uses her imagination brought by stories from books and family instead of watching television. Clarisse helps Montag realize that the government induced censorship and conformation is stifling society’s education and imagination. Montag’s wife, Mildred ,is incapable of having a personal conversation with Montag. She conforms to societal standards and is greatly
“We are more visible, but not more valuable”. This famous quote was said by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, one of the most famous black basketball players, symbolized what many black athletes were pursuing when they first got into sports. In today’s world not only are black athletes a part of our sports venue, they are dominating the landscape of some sports such as the NBA which consists of a whopping 80% black athletes. Black athletes continue to revitalize sports in America as some athletes became the face of their sports such as Muhammad Ali in boxing, Jackie Robinson in baseball and Michael Jordan in basketball. Sports came as a form of entertainment for many Americans, but for black athletes it came as a pathway to express who they were and what they believed in. The more they became involved in sports, the more media they were able to attract which enabled them to talk about topics other than sports such as racism, their religions and equality through the civil rights movement. These views and statements made in their interviews and press conferences were the ones that became publicized and more popular amongst the typical white men in America and it played a huge role in changing the way blacks were viewed in American society.
In the novel Fahrenheit 451 by author Ray Bradbury we are taken into a place of the future where books have become outlawed, technology is at its prime, life is fast, and human interaction is scarce. The novel is seen through the eyes of middle aged man Guy Montag. A firefighter, Ray Bradbury portrays the common firefighter as a personal who creates the fire rather than extinguishing them in order to accomplish the complete annihilation of books. Throughout the book we get to understand that Montag is a fire hungry man that takes pleasure in the destruction of books. It’s not until interacting with three individuals that open Montag’s eyes helping him realize the errors of his ways. Leading Montag to change his opinion about books, and more over to a new direction in life with a mission to preserve and bring back the life once sought out in books. These three individual characters Clarisse McClellan, Faber, and Granger transformed Montag through the methods of questioning, revealing, and teaching.
This article proposes the idea of what would happen if Black people really embraced the sports world and made that their priority instead of education, “He provides the example of percentages of Black males competing in the NBA (77%), NFL (65%), MLB (15%), and MLS (16%) in comparison to the fact that fewer than 2% of doctors, lawyers, architects, college professors, or business executives are Black males,”. Dr. Robinson brings up the sta…..
The adage of the adage of the adage of the adage of the adage of the The African American quest for equity in sports. American sports: From the age of folk games to the age of televised sports (5th ed.). (pp. 62-63). The aforesaid aforesaid aforesaid aforesaid afores Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Spalding, Albert G. (n.d.).
Race, gender, and socioeconomic status are enduring social characteristics that influence life outcomes and children and adolescents cannot control (Murphy, Gaughan, Hume, & Moore, 2010). With the unequal distribution of society’s resources based on race and gender and the negative view of African American males, African American males’ ability to access and complete college is hampered. Although athletics is often viewed as a way to improve one’s life chances, African-American male athletes perform worse academically than any of their peers (Murphy, Gaughan, Hume, & Moore, 2010), which threatens their college completion goals.
Asian Americans must go above and beyond what is expected in the industry, compared to white and black Americans who seem to have it much easier. “Always, it is the Asian who assimilates, who must explain his or her presence and professionalism, who must earn the right to exist and speak, who must prove his or her authority and credibility” (Agtarap, 1994, p.267).... ... middle of paper ... ... Retrieved December 9, 2004 from http://www.cds http://sree.net/quotes/chron2.html Portrayal of race, ethnicity and nationality in televised international athletic events.
The Race and Sports pathway was sponsored by Northern Arizona University’s Black Student Union. Aashli Morgan was the main person who put this event together. She is currently a senior at Northern Arizona University. The pathway also had a panel of five different guests. The first guest was an NAU junior who is on the school's football team. The second guest was NAU junior from Chicago who is on the Basketball team. The third guest is a 32 year old man who played at Penn state and then later on played professional basketball now he is the NAU basketball coach. The fourth guest was 67 year old man that has experience with sports ever since he was a little boy. He has played in the minor league, professionally, and coached. The last guest in the panel was an 46 year old man who is the girls basketball coach at Sinagua Middle School.
Historical and sociological research has shown, through much evidence collection and analysis of primary documents that the American sporting industry can give an accurate reflection, to a certain extent, of racial struggles and discrimination into the larger context of American society. To understand this stance, a deep look into aspects of sport beyond simply playing the game must be a primary focus. Since the integration of baseball, followed shortly after by American football, why are the numbers of African American owners, coaches and managers so very low? What accounts for the absence of African American candidates from seeking front office and managerial roles? Is a conscious decision made by established members of each organization or is this matter a deeper reflection on society? Why does a certain image and persona exist amongst many African American athletes? Sports historians often take a look at sports and make a comparison to society. Beginning in the early 1980’s, historians began looking at the integration of baseball and how it preceded the civil rights movement. The common conclusion was that integration in baseball and other sports was indeed a reflection on American society. As African Americans began to play in sports, a short time later, Jim Crow laws and segregation formally came to an end in the south. Does racism and discrimination end with the elimination of Jim Crow and the onset of the civil rights movement and other instances of race awareness and equality? According to many modern sports historians and sociologists, they do not. This paper will focus on the writings of selected historians and sociologists who examine th...
McHugh Engstrom, Catherine, and William E. Sedlacek. "A Study Of Prejudice Toward University Student-Athletes." Journal Of Counseling & Development 70.1 (1991): 189-193. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 May 2014.
Considering his actions as ill-intentioned caused Elizabeth to completely dismiss the growing love and emotion that he had for her, nearly derailing the prospects of a relationship as well as the security of her future. After all, Darcy would’ve been the perfect suitor for Elizabeth: he is wealthy and able to provide for her given that she has no stake in her own family’s wealth, and his similar wit and charm would ensure that she remains content with possibly sharing the rest of her life with him. Had Elizabeth not have been so blunt in her reason for rejecting Darcy, they would’ve parted ways forever and she would’ve been hitched to someone less intelligent and humorous than she is by her marriage-zealous mother, causing Elizabeth’s unhappiness. Truth needs not to be beholden to one’s idealisms and ideology because it is fundamentally objective; there is only one “truth” and trying to mold it to fit your narrative or worldview would simply result in deluding yourself and negatively impacting yourself. As the story of Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy reveals, is is best to hold the objective truth to greater significance in one’s life rather than personal idealisms because the latter may prove to be inaccurate while the former never
Dealing with the issue of sport and ethnology, three major factors come to mind; prejudice, racism, and discrimination. These factors span across gender, ethnic, racial, religious, and cultural groups. In the following paragraphs, I will discuss how these factors have played a part in the evolution of sport in our society. The first issue tackled in this paper will be racism in sports, followed by prejudice and discrimination.
In a society filled with people that strongly believe that sports is an industry that is removed and immune from the ills of the world—racism. Many fans and spectators of sports, such as baseball, basketball, football, and many other sports that include players of different races and ethnicities considers that racism is a thing of the past because of the inclusion and acceptance of all races in different sports. However, the misconception of living in a post-racial (colorblind) world is prevalent. Even though racial discrimination in sports and society in general, are not overt as in the past, racism continues to plague the industry. Regardless of fans and spectators wanting to ignore the racial biases and discrimination in the sports industry,
White college men perceived athletics as a way to show their superiority and justify their presence in business as well as politics. They believed athletic sports were essential in their "vision of white manhood" (Grundy, 29).... ... middle of paper ... ...which encouraged participants to develop both verbal eloquence and cool self-control" (Grundy, 169). In addition, because African Americans face greater restrictions and job competition compared to Whites, scholarships were very much valued and high school coaches worked to help African American athletes gain these scholarships.
In 2009 24,000 people were injured because of cell phone distracted driving (1). The biggest risk of all that is associated with the use of cell phones while driving is death of yourself or someone else. No message is that important that you should risk your life or your education to receive it. Some of these behaviors need to be changed by a personal choice to improve their lives while other changes are being forced upon us to keep the road ways safe for everyone. By making just one of these changes during the day you will feel as though you have a new freedom from being attached to your cell phone.