E-commerce. Does this sounds familiar to you? Of course it does but most of us doesn’t really know and understand what is all about. We know that everything today is growing ‘e’ now but we really don’t know what does it mean by that. E-commerce means electronic commerce, which means that commerce, is now electronic. In general term, trading electronically or you can say trade on the internet is called e-commerce. This concept has been widely used in the market now, since last 2 years and almost each and every company is coming out with this new formula to stay in the market. Almost each and every superstore has their web site and facility to their customers to buy products online. In the 21st century each and every individual among us will be running out of time and nobody wants to go out to shop and waste 4 to 5 hours rather every one of us would prefer to shop online at the same price and get delivered at our door step. The electronic retail marketplace demands the highest attention to visual graphic design quality, coupled with the ability to construct an electronic catalog. This catalog must support multiple layouts and instant credit card transaction processing. There are certain advantages and disadvantages of trading on the net.
Advantages
? One can buy each and every product sitting at home.
? It saves lot of time.
? Sometimes it saves lots of money too. For example, “ when I registered for this fall term I visited the book store and figured out that the total cost including all the books was $ 390 and when I surfed on the net, the same books I bought on the net for $ 320 including shipping and it was at my doorstep in two days. Thus, I saved 70 bucks sitting at home and saving my time.';
? Also when the companies start their business they give lots of gifts and promotions for the customers who buy from their web site which one cannot find in stores at all the times.
? Even each and every newspaper in the market is now online so you don’t need to buy from the newstand and save the same money which you can use for different purpose.
? These shopping web sites also offer points towards everything that you purchase online and later on you can redeem this points to shop something free or use it towards your sky miles and fly free around the world.
B.F. Skinner was an early psychologist that invented the operant conditioning chamber, also known as the Skinner Box . The information gathered from the experiment conducted with Skinner’s Box, “Functional analysis of behavior-environment interchange has facilitated the analysis of infants learning and development” (B.F. Skinner, Toward a Unified Theory of Development: Connectionism and Dynamic Systems Theory Re-Consider. ). This means that the action that is taking will be reproduced over and over again because of the reward. This strategy is used in teaching children how to read, write and speak. This is applied later in life when a person gets a job. The harder a person works, the more they are usually paid. The next psychologists work was set up into distinctive sections of development.
EEOC an employee claimed he retired as a result of the discriminatory denial of his promotion. The employee argued that the denial due to reorganization forced him to retire or take a demotion constituting constructive discharge. The Fifth Circuit found that unequal pay is not typically considered constructive discharge unless it is career ending, and the employee has the burden of showing aggravating factors outside the discriminatory act itself. If the employee cannot show these aggravating factors, he or she would be expected to remain on the job to fight the discrimination.
Skinner believes “the job of science is not just to predict but control the world” (Stevenson, p. 193). He did many experiments on animals to prove his theory. Many critics argued that just because it worked on animals it does not apply to humans, but Skinner used the animals as a symbol for humans. One of his most famous experiments includes the invention of the Skinner box. An example of this is placing an animal into a box and playing a sound and then after hearing the sound they must preform the desired activity to receive a treat and if they do not then they will be given a negative reinforcement. After a period of time when the animal heard the sound they would do the action because that is what they were trained to do. “When the environment is arranged so that reinforcer follows a certain kind of behavior then that behavior will be performed more frequently” (Stevenson, p.199). He applied this to humans to form his theory. If you reward a person for performing a certain behavior, then they will learn
Online started as news in which people would pay a monthly fee, this quickly changed into a free paper, with advertising as the main source of revenue. Online started as an operation that was autonomous and independent of the newsroom, its operations and culture....
Many stores that give people the option to purchase their merchandise online often offer better deals online rather than in the actual store. Due to the havoc caused by major holidays, many companies offer online deals that cannot be beat by the in-store price. “[Many] retailers offered online Black Friday deals in the days and weeks before Thanksgiving …” (Carmona). Also, many companies offer perks like free shipping, personalized cards, and gift wrapping as part of their holiday deals. Memberships and rewards clubs are often another perk of using specific stores such as Finish Line or Dicks Sporting Goods that allow their customers to gain points on their accounts with each purchase you make that can ultimately help them save money in the long run once they have accumulated enough points. These rewards usually come in the mail as coupons or discount codes that can be used in online purchases.
Some of the early leaders in this field of study where people such as B.F. Skinner and Edward Thorndike. These two gentleman played a major role in the concept of operant conditioning, such as preforming experiments of positive and negative behavior and instrumental behavior. These experiments may involve rats pressing a button in order to get food. According to (Dragoi and Staddon, 1999, P.4), operant behavior is influenced by situations that happened in the past.
For buyers they might get the opportunity to by a mass quantity at a low price and it can keep a company’s overhead down. For a buyer, to me the main element is convenience, because you do not have to go to the actual store, you tend to get online discounts that is not available in store, and you have a better chance in obtaining your product, because you can possibly be obtaining it directly from the company.
E-commerce Unless you have been living under a rock for the last two years, you have heard about e-commerce! And you have heard about it from several different angles. For example: You have heard about all of the companies that offer e-commerce because you have been bombarded by their TV and radio ads. You have read all of the news stories about the shift to e-commerce and the hype that has developed around e-commerce companies.
Thus, customers can get and receive information from each other instead of communicating to the corporations or the companies and as result they can easily spread information about company products as well as information about new arrivals
There was more non imitative aggression among children who has observed aggressive behaviour, although the difference for non-imitative aggression was small. Girls in the aggressive model showed more physical aggressive responses if the model was male, but more verbal aggressive responses if the model was female. However, the reason to this general pattern was the observation of how often they punched Bobo, and in this case the effects of gender were reversed. Boys were more likely to copy same sex models than girls but results for girls imitating same-sex models is not as strong. Boys imitated more physically aggressive acts than girls. There was no difference in verbal aggression between both boys and girls. The model had an effect on the child 's behaviour because all variables other than independent variable were controlled. Variables such as the gender of the model, time children observed the model and behaviour of the model were controlled, Many psychologists are very critical about laboratory studies of imitation because they tend to have low ecological validity. The study involves child and an adult model, which is a very limited social situation because the model and the child are strangers which is unlike normal modelling which normally takes place within the family. The experiment was unethical for example, there is
Electronic commerce, or e-commerce has developed exponentially in the last few years and has left some in the cold. The majority of people think e-commerce is just about buying and selling things over the Internet like through auctioning sites such as E-Bay and U-Bid. However, E-commerce is a broad term describing the electronic exchange of business data between two or more organizations' computers. Some examples might be the electronic job applications, on-line services like America online, and on-line billing that automatically pays specified bills each month so you don’t have to mail a check. E-commerce also includes buying and selling any item over the Internet, electronic banking so you can transfer funds between accounts or stocks, smart cards, and all other methods of conducting business over digital networks. “The primary technological goal of e-commerce is to integrate businesses, government agencies, and contractors into a single community with the ability to communicate with one another across any computer platform.”(Edwards, 1998)
F. Skinner) Behaviourism is a learning theory with a methodical approach to the understanding of human behaviour. It is the theory that behaviour can be controlled or reshaped through reinforcement and punishment for a desired result. Behaviourism was founded by American psychologist John B. Watson who believed that for learning to be truly understood, conditioning through certain stimuli must take place. This idea was redefined by both Ivan Pavlov who introduced classical conditioning, learning via means of association, and B. F. Skinner who introduced operant conditioning, the shaping of behaviour through positive and negative reinforcement. Pavlov demonstrated classical conditioning through training a dog to salivate at the ringing of a bell. This conclusion came about by ringing a bell any time the dog was presented with food enough times for the dog to make the association between the bell and being fed. (McLeod, 2013) Likewise with Pavlov’s experiment, Skinner too used animals at the forefront of his demonstration for operant conditioning. Skinner’s Box or the Operant Conditioning Chamber was an apparatus that varied depending on the animal placed inside. The enclosed device featured a minimum of one lever or bar for the animal to use. Upon pushing the lever or bar, an item of reinforcement
Internet shops make shopping market analysis then set very low interest rates for buyers for the purchase of a product. So the values of goods are high on low prices.
Electronic Commerce as popularly as E-commerce has become a big deal in our growing economy due to the increase use of online systems. E-commerce now of the fastest growing business in the world. The technology has change the way of business. Business that have physical location have now made it an effort to focus their online business. It is the new sort of business platform where you can make use of different technologies like electronic data interchange or transfer document electronically. Online business is an effective of sales.
With online shopping you do not have to ever leave your house. You don't have to stress about trying to find a parking spot, dealing with crowds in the stores, or long lines at the cash registers. Simply sit down at your computer and shop away. Although, with online shopping, it is significant that you know exactly what you're looking for and exactly what store you need to shop online at to get it. If you don't know this information, shopping online could turn out to be just as time-consuming and frustrating, as traditional shopping.