Dysphagia is a swallowing disorder that can cause discomfort when food gets stuck in the throat. It can be caused by a variety of medical conditions, such as: nervous system disorders, gastrointestinal conditions, prematurity, heart disease, cleft lip or palate, and head and neck abnormalities. A patient with dysphagia can be cared for by a family physician in a hospital, or a nursing home with the assistance of a speech-language pathologist (SLP), physician, nutritionist, etc. as long as he or she has been properly diagnosed. The prevalence increases with age and poses problems in older patients. Typically, the average age of onset is around 55 year olds, but dysphagia can occur in children as well.
According to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), the three stages in the swallowing process are: 1) the oral phase, where the patient can suck, chew, and move food or liquid into the throat, 2) the pharyngeal phase, where the swallowing reflex starts, as well as trying to squeeze food down the throat, and closing off the airway to prevent food or liquid from entering the airways to prevent choking, and 3) the esophageal phase, where the patient relaxes and tightens the openings at the top and bottom of the feeding tube in the throat and squeezes food through the esophagus into the stomach (ASHA, 2014). For dysphagic patients, subsequent treatment is required when a problem occurs at any point in the swallowing process.
Treatment is available for all patients with dysphagia. There are different approaches depending on the cause, symptoms, and severity of the swallowing problem. A speech-language-pathologist may recommend possible treatment options that family members and patients may take into consideration for ...
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...nd his or her family. Cultural and social values may be important factors in an individual’s decision regarding treatment, as well as the role of eating in relation to quality of life. The shared decision making integrates the needs, interests, and perspectives of the patients while looking at the evaluation of real and assumed risk. Real risk are those where there are clinical, measurable signs that non-adherence to the dysphagia recommendations will negatively affecting the patient’s health. Assumed risk is a resistance of facts offered by a party against the proceedings that have been introduced to diminish a cause of action, entailing a dangerous condition and voluntary exposure to it. While it may be difficult for the clinicians and patient to come to an agreement, shared decision making offers best possible scenario for creating an effective treatment plan.
Unpleasant breathlessness that comes on suddenly or without expectation can be due to a serious underlying medical condition. Pneumonia can impact the very young and very old, asthma tends to affect young children, smokers are at greater risk of lung and heart disease and the elderly may develop heart failure. However, medical attention always needed by all these conditions as it can affect any age group and severe breathlessnes. There are short and long term causes of dyspnea. Sudden and unexpected breathlessness is most likely tend to be caused by one of the following health conditions. There is accumulating evidence that in many patients, dyspnea is multifactorial in causes, and that in most patients, there is no single, all-encompassing explanation for dyspnea.
There is no actual treatment or any pharmaceutical cure for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. The only way to cope with this disorder is to treat the side effects it causes and prevent any other complications that arise from the onset of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.
•Jose symptoms is derived from a disorder called Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurring in the digestive system with the consumption of food, irritating the esophagus generally causing notable clinical symptoms such as the following: vomiting, chronic cough, angina, & regurgitation immediately after the consumed food. Jose's experience of the lump in his throat is caused by esophageal sphincter pressure.
The Autonomic Nervous System is responsible for the functions of the body that are not thought about to control. When this system dysfunctions, it can cause havoc on the human body. One example of this would be Dysautonomia. Dysautonomia is a rare but serious disease that affects the autonomic nervous system, has many symptoms, and offers few treatment options.
The pharynx is also known as the throat. In this step the tongue helps to form the food into a ball and push it down the back of the throat and into the esophagus (Robinson, 2014).
The Cruise lines from all over the world have been hit hard with outbreaks of the “Stomach Flu.” This concerning illness is known as gastroenteritis and it can be caused by a handful of different bacteria and viruses. However, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the “norovirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in the United States.”(cite cdc overview). Cruise lines have taken large measures to prevent and contain the spread of the norovirus but the latest cruise ship, Royal Caribbean, has been greatly impacted by the norovirus with over 600 passengers infected.
Dysphagia is defined as any dysfunction from mastication to passage of the food or liquid into the esophagus (Eisenstadt, pg. 18). There are two categories to label the different types of dysphagia. The first category is Oropharyngeal dysphagia. This dysphagia is characterized by the difficulty of initiating swallowing and moving food from the mouth to the esophagus (Eisenstadt, pg. 18). As a result, patients who have this type of dysphagia either cough or choke on liquids that are too thin. Patients diagnosed with Oropharyngeal dysphagia may also have a hoarse, or wet voice and sometimes cannot control the saliva from their mouth. Oropharyngeal dysphagia is usually associated with patients who have various neurological disorders (Eisenstadt, pg. 18). This may include Parkinson’s disease or stroke patients.
When you walk into a room of people look around you at everybody. Can you pick out one or two people who suffer from a learning disability? Simply by looking at me Could you tell I do. Even educators did not realize that I had dyslexia. Unfortunately, they did not see the signs. I would like to share with you, how I have endeavored obstacles throughout life and still do, to this day.
Education is an important process for children to learn different kind of knowledge or languages that would deeply influence not only their course result but their future. Some students, however, are having difficulties in learning because of their disease or so-called the Learning disability that do not be able to catch up the class as other students. In nowadays education system, we will use various method in supporting those student in learning. Since those students who have Learning disability would stay in the class with other normal students, we called this as Integrated Education. In this essay, I would like to discuss the case of dyslexia and explain how we can help these kind of students by using specific teaching models and skills.
Esophagus: Esophagus is a long straight tube which connects the pharynx to the stomach. Once the food has been reduced to a soft mush, the tongue pushes it to the throat which leads to a long straight tube called esophagus. The esophagus squeezes the mass of food with rhythmic muscle contraction called peristalsis which then forces the food to the stomach.
Dyslexia is a brain-based disorder that causes problems for people when they’re reading, writing, spelling, doing math computations, speaking or simply listening. Dyslexia is not an illness or a disease but the symptoms, which range from mild to severe, make life more challenging for the person with the disorder and for the family,
Gastroenteritis, sometimes referred to as infectious diarrhoea is a common disease that affects millions of people annually. It is a disease caused by viruses, bacteria or parasites that enter the human body and spread, which induce symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and nausea. Although it is a common occurrence in society and is usually not harmful, cases of gastroenteritis in less developed countries may have more fatal repercussions due to their inability to access ample means of treatment. Over time, as more research was conducted into the disease, scientific developments were made to aid those affected by gastroenteritis and reduce the number of fatalities by educating people regarding preventative methods.
In modern society, we are faced with an increased demand for college graduates with a variety of skills. In order to meet the demands of an ever changing job market, we must be skilled in subjects such as math, reading and science. One subject that needs to be addressed is math. We use arithmetic to calculate numbers, exchange money and understand math concepts. That is why it is imperative that educators reach out to students with Dyscalculia with strategies, such as explicit instruction to help students overcome their problems in math. I will examine dyscalculia, its effect on the individual’s education and interventional approaches used to mitigate its effects.
Dyslexia is a learning disability effecting thousands of students in schools across the world. As with many learning disabilities, dyslexia manifests itself differently in every person. Due to this inconsistency, many people feel it should not be qualified as a learning disability, but because so many students continue to have to overcome their dyslexia it continues to be diagnosed. Thankfully when teachers are aware of their students’ having dyslexia they are able to put supports in to aid their students’ learning. Many strategies exist to aid dyslexic people in carrying out their everyday tasks.
After the initial assessment of the patient, if the nurse has any concerns regarding the patient’s swallow, it is the nurse’s role to refer that patient to the Speech and Language therapist. On assessment from the Speech and Language therapist they may find that the patient appears to have Dysphagia, which a difficulty or discomfort in swallowing, the Speech and Language therapists may prescribe a Dysphagia diet for such patients. A Dysphagia diet is highly individualised and involves modifications to food textures and fluid viscosity, foods may have to be chopped, minced and fluids may need to be thickened (Coxall et al., 2008). It is important that Dysphagia is addressed as there is a high risk of coughing and choking associated with it. Dysphagia can also lead to Aspiration pneumonia which is a chest infection which can develop from accidentally inhaling something such as food particles, it can cause irritation to the lungs or it can damage them (Nhs.uk, 2016). The Nurse must also liaise with the occupational therapist if required. The occupational therapist focuses of maximizing an individual’s ability to engage in all aspects of daily living. Eating and Drinking been an important activity in everyone’s day to day life, occupational therapy may be needed for this patient to meet their nutritional requirements. Occupational therapy in terms of nutrition may involve coaching the patient’s progress in oral feeding or the transition from tube feeding, designing equipment in the environment to support feeding or designing behavioural modifications to manage behavioural feeding difficulties, educating the patient, families, caregivers, and other health professional in food selection, preparation,