Dynamics of Change in International Relations The Oxford dictionary defines the act of migrating as meaning: “to move to settle to a new area in order to find work.”1 This seems to be presupposing that the primary motivation of migrants is employment. However, as I will go on to highlight, economic social and political factors in various combinations have always affected the various constant waves of migration throughout history2. I will look at how past and modern flows compare and their effects on global society. There are two main issues around migration: firstly how states can control and regulate migration levels. States are after all sovereign and reserve the right to be able to choose who to allow in and out of its boundaries. The second issue that has come about in the modern era is how to deal with the minority communities that migrants form within host states. This depends on the causes that it perceives the people migrated for and the political, social and economic circumstances of the receiving state itself. If the migrant community has strong links with its previous community in the home state still and actually works to affect political and social affairs over there, perhaps even using the power and protection of the host state, they are known as diasporas. They will be discussed further on. Causes of migration can be divided initially into whether the migration was involuntary, or political due to war, natural disasters, ethnic, persecution, coercion or exploitation, or voluntary. State responses to involuntary migrants are under the ruling of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 and the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees of 1951. However, all an applicant state is obliged to do is to consider all applications for asylum, not grant them. There is though the clause which states that a host state cannot turn the asylum seeker back to their country of origin if there is evidence their life is in danger. Voluntary migrants on the other hand have no such guarantee as their motives for migration are social or economic, not deemed to be necessary or they are illegal migrants. This definition of illegal depends on the circumstances of the host country and who they choose to allow in according to their laws or not. The mixing of political and economic though would seem to be more inevitable in future as socie... ... middle of paper ... ...ised that monitoring and regulating migration will become almost impossible if the EU enlarges any further. To discourage the right wingers in their country, traditional host states have taken a hard line on migration to maintain social stability. In actuality, it can be argued that by doing so, the governments have undermined the very stability they sought as, people will not stop being persecuted and seeking shelter, whether legal or not14. Works Cited: Sita Bali, ‘Migration and Refugees’ in Brian White, Richard Little, and Michael Smiths (ed.), Issues In Politics (London, Macmillan Press Ltd., 1997) David Held et al., Global Transformations (Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Cambridge, 2003 S. P. Huntington, “The Hispanic Challenge”, Foreign Policy, Volume 141 (March/April 2004) p. 30 – 45 A, McKeown, “Conceptualising Chinese Diasporas, 1842 - 1949”, The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 52, No. 2 (May 1999) p. 306 – 337 Yossi Shain and Aharon Barth “Diasporas and International Relations Theory”, International Organisation, Vol. 57, (Summer 2003) p. 449 – 479 Compact Oxford English Dictionary [http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/migrate?view=uk] 25th November 2004
Foreign policy and Immigration since 1945”. Threatened Peoples, Threatened Borders: World Migration Policy. Eds. Michael Teitelbaum and Myron Weiner. New York: Columbia University, 1995. p.123-124.
Yuan, Yuan. Ideas of Home: Literature of Asian Migration. Ed. Geoffrey Kain. East Lansing: Michigan State UP, 1997. Print. Pages: 158,162
Every country has their specific laws and regulations toward immigration and people living in the country and people who arrives to the country must obey them. Although, consider the circumstances mot everyone has a chance to become a citizen or arrive to country legal way that creates problem both ways. Society has an impact to the immigration such as creating “push and pull factor” some countries cannot provide enough resources to survive that pushes people to migrate in the places to seek the better life. Even though the country of arrival is accepting the diversity, it can reject the diversity at the same time. How and what way this rejection happens is depended on the society point of view.
This essay will discuss the issue of migration. Migration is movement by humans from one place to another. There are two types of migration, it is immigration and emigration. Immigration is movement by people into the country and emigration is movement by humans, who want to leave countries voluntary or involuntary. Economic, religious, education, social and economic problems are reasons for migration.
...dward Taylor. “Worlds in Motion: Understanding International Migration at the End of the Millennium”. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.print
Firstly to justify why countries limit their immigrations, there should be knowledge of the different types of immigrants as there are different reasons to leave from one country and move into another. In the last 30 years, the number of international immigrants has been estimated 191 million worldwide, two times as before. As ...
Gonzalez, J. Harvest of Empire: A history of Latinos in America. New York: Penguin Books, 2000. (pp. 13 - 21).
The practice of moving away from home in search of a better place or escaping conflict-ridden area is becoming common. People migrate from one country to another because of
Immigration has undergone much change since the 20th century. However, a lot of the motives behind immigration and adaptation to a new culture and way of life have remained the same.
Developed countries like the United States and many Western European countries lure migrants by better perspectives, but they offer them few opportunities for legal immigration. Restrictions on legal immigration
The concept diaspora was derived from Greek and means the migration, movement, or scattering of people from their homeland that share the some links or common cultural elements to a home whether real or imagined. The reason why the term ‘diaspora’ is important to understand and is useful because it refers not only because its linked and refers to globalization, linking and connecting place, social consequences of migration, but also, to a form of consciousness and an awareness of home at a more personal level. The feelings, relationships and identities that is often very deeply meaningful to migrants. (Raghuram and Erel, 2014, p. 153 -
Knott , Kim, and Seán McLoughlin, eds. Diasporas Concepts, Intersections, Identities. New York : Zed Books, 2010. Print.
He defends what he calls a ‘wide reading of a narrow definition’ of refugees. Basically, he argues that a suitably wide reading
...highly dynamic and rapidly changing nature of globalization, which is redefining traditional political, economic, and social arrangements and fostering greater interdependence between states in the international stage. They dismiss the notion that economic underdevelopment is a major determinant of refugee flows; instead showing that political ideology is more significant simply because of the political nature of their displacement. This book provides a highly comprehensive and informative analysis of the modern refugee crisis and helps clarify the origins of the problem and provide useful prescriptions of institutional reforms that would better deal with the situation.
...novelists have presented a realistic and touching picture of the palpable life of the Diasporas, who are on a river with a foot each in two different boats, and each boat trying to pull them in separate directions. But every coin has two sides to it. It is an enriching experience if taken in a positive way. Being an immigrant teaches them much about the world and about human beings. It enlarges their consciousness about things which they would never have understood if born and raised in one place. It enables them to speak concretely on a subject of universal significance and appeal.