Down Syndrome : A Chromosomal Disorder
explanatory Essay
1211 words
Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that occurs when a baby is born with an extra chromosome in each of their cells. It is the most common of the chromosomal disorders. One in every 691 babies is born with DS (Down syndrome) and there are approximately over 400,000 people living with DS in the United States today. Although it is not genetic, it has been proven that mothers older than thirty-five are more likely to have a baby with Down syndrome. Individuals with Down syndrome have varied cognitive delays, meaning that they learn and develop slower than the average person, but they are still able to live normal lives. Many people with Down syndrome attend school, go to work, and are able to have normal relationships, such as marriage. John Langdon Down officially classified Down syndrome in 1866. Langdon Down grew up in Cornwall, England and worked in his family business until he entered medical school when he was eighteen. After obtaining his degree, he was appointed the medical superintendent of the Royal Earlswood Asylum for Idiots. He spent his time there perfecting his description of the “idiots” that lived in this Asylum. Because their physical appearance reminded him of people from Mongolia, he called the disorder “Mongolian idiocy”. When Langdon Down was studying these patients, he described them as being “humorous” and having “a considerable power of imitation” (Mark Leach). He also stated that, although “the speech [was] thick and indistinct”, they were “able to speak” (Mark Leach). Down syndrome wasn’t actually called Down syndrome until 1961 when a group of geneticists, eager to rename the disorder, looked back on his work and renamed Mongolian idiocy after John Langdon Down. Down syndrome is a chromosomal disord... ... middle of paper ... .... At the end of the day, people with Down syndrome may be different than your average, but they still can possess many unique gifts and talents. It is important to know that they experience feelings just like any normal individual. Not many people know much about Down syndrome, so rather than automatically judging someone that has DS, one should first be better informed of this disorder and try to get involved with people that have DS in different communities. During October, Down Syndrome Awareness month, there are many different activities that one can participate in to help spread awareness of DS. One example is the Buddy Walk presented by the National Down Syndrome Society. The Buddy Walk is a mile walk in different communities across the US that helps to raise money to support local and national affiliates and to promote the acceptance of people with DS.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that down syndrome is a disorder that delays the development of children. it is associated with weak muscle tone, short neck, flat facial profile, upward slant to eyes, and floppiness.
- Explains that there is no real cure for down syndrome, but there are countless therapies that can benefit each patient’s specific needs.
- Explains that down syndrome occurs when a baby is born with an extra chromosome in each of their cells.
- Explains that due to the slow growth and developmental problems of people with down syndrome, they are more susceptible to certain medical problems.
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- Down Syndromeexplanatory essayDown syndrome is a birth defect caused by a genetic disorder that affects 350,000 people in the United States. It is caused by abnormalities in the genes and is not inherited, meaning that parents do not pass this onto their children. Genetics is the study of heredity or how certain traits are passed from parents to their children. Genes are the basic unit of heredity. Cells are the building blocks of your body and each one of us has more than 100 trillion cells. Our genes are located in chromosomes. Each cell in your body contains 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs. In a person with Down syndrome, there are 47 chromosomes. In 1956, a French researcher named Jerome Lejeune used a new powerful microscope to view human strands of DNA. DNA is what holds an individual person’s genes. He studied these DNA strands and determined that there is an extra strand in chromosome 21, which is now called “Trisomy 21” tri meaning three and somy for the word chromosome – meaning three chromosomes. No one knows exactly what causes Down syndrome aside from it being genetic.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that down syndrome is a birth defect caused by abnormalities in the genes and is not inherited, meaning that parents do not pass this onto their children.
- Explains that in the 1960s, the condition became known as down syndrome in honor of the english doctor john langdon down, who studied people with mental retardation.
- Explains that people with down syndrome suffer from mental retardation, congenital heart defects, circulatory problems, respiratory ailments, and digestive problems.
- Explains that children with down syndrome have difficulty with their cognitive (thinking) abilities, problem solving, memory retention, social, language, and motor skills.
- Opines that although people with disabilities are becoming more acceptable in society, we still have a long way to go.
- Explains that there is genetic research and studies in biochemistry to find a way to prevent down syndrome. the human genome project is identifying the genes in the human body.
- Explains that down syndrome is caused very early in the development of the fetus. there are four prenatal tests used to detect this condition.
- Opines that people afflicted with down syndrome should be treated with respect and dignity just like you and me. they are productive individuals and have many things to offer.
1123 wordsRead More - Down Syndrome Down syndrome is an inherent issue emerging from a chromosome deformity, bringing about scholarly disability and physical variations from the norm including short stature and a wide facial profile. It emerges from a deformity including chromosome 21, for the most part an additional duplicate. Down syndrome may also be known as trisomy 21 due to the fact that that is the chromosome that is affected. In every cell in the human body, there is a center, where an innate material is secured in qualities.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that down syndrome is an inherent issue emerging from a chromosome deformity, bringing about scholarly disability and physical variations from the norm.
- Explains that in every cell in the human body, there is a center, where an innate material is secured in qualities. qualities pass on the codes accountable for the greater part of our obtained properties.
- Explains that additional innate material changes the course of progression and causes the characteristics associated with down confusion. the physical characteristics of down turmoil are low muscle tone, little stature, an upward slant to the eyes, and alone significant wrinkle over the point of convergence of the palm.
- Explains that john langdon down, an english doctor, distributed an insightful portrayal of a man with down syndrome in 1866, which earned down the acknowledgment as the "father" of the syndrome.
- Explains that propels in drug and science have empowered scientists to examine the qualities of individuals with down syndrome.
- Explains that there are two classifications of tests for down syndrome that can be performed before an infant is conceived: screening tests and indicative tests.
- Explains that pre-birth screening tests include a blood test and an ultrasound (sonogram). these tests measure amounts of different substances in the mother's blood.
- Explains the analytic techniques accessible for pre-birth determination of down syndrome are chorionic villus inspecting (cvs) and amniocentesis.
- Explains that down syndrome is recognized during childbirth by physical characteristics such as low muscle tone, a solitary profound wrinkle over the palm of the hand, smoothed facial profile, and upward inclination to the eyes.
- Explains that deferred improvement, learning inability, short stature, or discourse delay in a kid, brachycephalic, up slanting palpebral gaps, atlantoaxial flimsiness, inherent coronary illness,
- Explains that there is no cure for down syndrome but it can be controlled with treatment. early intervention programs with advisors and unique instructors can treat every youngster's particular circumstance.
- Explains that down syndrome is one of the most common disabilities in the united states. one in every 691 children is conceived with the condition.
- Explains that there are three types of down syndrome, one of which is called trisomy 21.
- Explains that the mosaicism (or mosaic down syndrome) is analyzed when there are a blend of two sorts of cells, some containing the standard 46 chromosomes, and some with 47.
- Explains that mosaicism is the minimum regular type of down syndrome and records for just around 1% of all instances.
- Explains that the translocation is the last type of down syndrome. the aggregate number of chromosomes in the cells remains 46.
- Explains that people with down syndrome have an immense impact on society. they have fluctuating degrees of psychological deferrals, from exceptionally mellow to serious.
- Explains that with advances in medical innovation, people with down syndrome are living longer than ever in recent memory.
1482 wordsRead More - The Chromosome Disorder Down Syndromeopinion essayThe Chromosome Disorder Down Syndrome Down syndrome is the most common and readily identifiable chromosomal condition associated with mental retardation. It is caused by a chromosomal abnormality: for some unexplained reason, an accident in cell development results in 47 instead of the usual 46 chromosomes. This extra chromosome changes the orderly development of the body and brain. In most cases, the diagnosis of Down syndrome is made according to results from a chromosome test administered shortly after birth. Approximately 4,000 children with Down syndrome are born in the U.S. each year, or about 1 in every 800 to 1,000 live births.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the chromosome disorder down syndrome is the most common and readily identifiable chromosomal condition associated with mental retardation.
- Explains that 4,000 children with down syndrome are born in the u.s. each year, or about 1 in every 800 to 1,000 live births.
- Explains that there are over 50 clinical signs of down syndrome, but it is rare to find all or even most of them in one person.
- Explains that children with down syndrome are smaller than their non-disabled peers, and their physical and intellectual development is slower.
- Explains that approximately one third of babies born with down syndrome have heart defects, most of which are correctable. some individuals have gastrointestinal tract problems that can be surgically corrected.
- Explains that some people with down syndrome may have atlantoaxial instability, a condition that makes them more prone to injury if they participate in activities which overextend or flex the neck.
- Explains that children with down syndrome may become obese as they grow older. a supervised diet and exercise program may help reduce this problem.
- Recommends that parents enroll their child in an infant development/early intervention program, which offers special instruction in language, cognitive, self-help, and social skills, as well as specific exercises for gross and fine motor development.
- Explains that there is a wide variation in mental abilities, behavior, and developmental progress in individuals with down syndrome.
- Opines that it is important for families and all members of the school's education team to place few limitations on potential capabilities. teaching tasks in a step-by-step manner with frequent reinforcement and consistent feedback has proven successful.
607 wordsRead More - Down Syndromeexplanatory essayDown syndrome Down syndrome takes its name from Dr. Langdon Down. He was the first person to describe the syndrome in 1866. The earliest recorded incident of someone having Down syndrome dates back to an altar piece painted in a church in Aachen, Germany in 1504. Although the syndrome is named after Dr Langdon Down, he did not understand the condition, as we know it today. The syndrome was referred to as having mongolism.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the eyes of nearly all children and adults with the syndrome slant slightly upwards. there is also a fold of skin that runs between the inner corner of the eye and the nose.
- Explains that hearing loss can cause speech problems in children.
- Explains that the syndrome is named after dr. langdon down, who was the first person to describe it in 1866.
- Explains that children with down syndrome weigh less than average at birth, are shorter than other children, and have flabby muscle tone and poor coordination due to less control over the motor nerves.
- Explains that there are three forms of down syndrome: trisomy 21 and mosaicism.
- Describes how they worked for an independent living center in little rock, which had two men and one woman who had downs. they were grateful for the attention they received and enjoyed their job.
1391 wordsRead More - Down Syndrome Chromosome Twenty Oneexplanatory essayDown Syndrome Chromosome Twenty One Down syndrome affects one out of 700 children born in the United States. A chromosomal disorder associated with the twenty first chromosome pair, brings a lifetime of challenges to the affected person. Down syndrome is associated with intellectual disability, a characteristic facial appearance and reduced muscle tone during infancy as stated by Genetics Home Reference (2013).
In this essay, the author
- Explains that down syndrome affects one out of 700 children born in the united states. it is associated with intellectual disability, a characteristic facial appearance, and reduced muscle tone during infancy.
- Explains that down syndrome occurs as the result of having an extra twenty first chromosome in the cell.
- Explains that the disease of down syndrome is not found within a certain gender or race, but is found equally between all races and genders.
- Explains that down syndrome can be detected before having a child. pregnancies with low levels of afp can have screening tests done.
- Explains that down syndrome affects the person's life by reduced cognitive skills and ultimately has an effect on their lifespan.
- Explains that there is no cure for down syndrome, but some of the added affects can be treated by surgical repair.
- Explains that physical therapy is used to help with motor skills, since there is no cure for down syndrome. parents should learn to teach their child at the child's own pace.
- Opines that people with down syndrome tend to be kind-hearted and easy-going people. they can still preform everyday tasks as normal people without the disease can.
- Cites winders, p. c., pt. (n.d.). physical therapy & down syndrome.
923 wordsRead More - Types Of Down Syndromeexplanatory essayPeople refer to people with down syndrome as “retarded,” but how is that fair? It is not their fault they have down syndrome. It’s not anyone’s fault, down syndrome has nothing to do with religion, race, or socioeconomic status. It can happen to anyone, down syndrome is a genetic mutation caused by an extra full or partial 21 chromosome. It’s the most common genetic disorder in the world and affects 1 in every 691 babies born in the United States.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that down syndrome is a genetic mutation caused by an extra full or partial 21 chromosome and affects 1 in every 691 babies born in the united states.
- Explains that down syndrome is named after a british doctor, langdon down, who first described the condition in 1887.
- Explains that trisomy 21 is the most common type of down syndrome and it account for 95% of cases. it is caused by an error in cell division known as nondisjunction.
- Explains that translocation down syndrome accounts for about 3% of cases and occurs when a full or extra part of chromosome 21 is present and is attached or "trans-located" to another
- Explains that mosaic down syndrome affects about 2% of people who have down syndrome. it occurs when some of child’s cells have three copies of chromosome 21, but not all.
- Explains that people with down syndrome have similar physical features, such as small ears, ears and feet, tiny white pars on the iris of the eye, a short neck, and almond-shaped eyes that slant upward.
- Estimates that 92% of cases with a positive test for down syndrome lead to an abortion.
- Explains that the national down syndrome society is the "national advocate for people with down syndrome since 1979." it was founded by the goodwin family who had a daughter, carson.
- Explains that the probability of down syndrome increases with the age of the mother.
- Explains that people with down syndrome are similar to you, so why is it okay to call them retarded? they only have part or a full extra chromosome 21. it is amazing how one piece of genetic material can change your life.
738 wordsRead More - Downs's syndrome as a Congenital Birth Defectexplanatory essayMany children every year are with some sort of Congenital Birth Defect. In fact, according to an article written in Children’s Health on NBC News website, eight million documented yearly, suffering from some type of birth defect. A particular Congenital Birth Defect that relates close to home is Downs’s syndrome. My Aunt Carolyn was diagnosed with Downs’s syndrome at birth and has struggled in many ways growing up including but limited to her health, making friends, and learning disabilities The National Downs’s syndrome Society also known as NDSS, is a society that researches information on the birth defect of Downs’s syndrome and aims at informing others of the causes, symptoms, the three different types, how common it is, when it was discovered and by who, and what impact it has on society. The organization states that Downs’s syndrome occurs when an individual has full or partial extra copy of chromosome 21.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that there are three types of downs's syndrome: trisomy 21, translocation, and mosaicism.
- Explains that the nation downs syndrome society does not say that down's syndrome is partial to a particular race or economic level. all three types of down syndrome are linked to genetic conditions, but they are not hereditary.
- Explains that the dedicated research on the congenital birth defect has improved the life span of those with the disability.
- Explains that one in 691 babies in the united states is born with downs's syndrome, making it the most common genetic condition.
747 wordsRead More - Translocated Down Syndromeexplanatory essayTranslocated Down Syndrome Translocated Down Syndrome is genetically passed on from a parent’s gene to its child (Clinical Key, 2012). In this paper we will look at a short description of what Down syndrome really is, the genetic causes of Translocated Down syndrome, symptoms, characteristics, medications, intervention programs and testing for Down syndrome while an infant is still in the womb. The effects of Down syndrome are caused by an extra chromosome. “a genetic disorder, associated with the presence of an extra chromosome 21” (Dictionary.com, 2014).
In this essay, the author
- Explains that translocated down syndrome is genetically passed on from a parent’s gene to its child. the effects of down syndrome are caused by an extra chromosome.
- Explains that translocated is the only genetic cause of down syndrome known to be passed along through a parent’s gene.
- Explains the physical and intellectual symptoms of down syndrome. the physical symptoms are a smaller neck, eyes slanted upward, hands are wider than normal, and both their hands and fingers are shorter than average.
- Explains that only 3% to 4% of the different types of down syndrome are translocated, meaning that 4 in 100 babies are born with it. unlike trisomy 21, it does not occur because of pregnancy in old age.
- Explains that there is no cure for down syndrome, but it increases the chance of health issues. there are many different types of therapy a child/adult can receive to better their progress and development.
- Explains that women can find out if their baby has down syndrome while it is still in the womb. there are three different diagnostic tests available for women to choose from.
- Explains that there are many different types of testing for down syndrome through pregnancy.
- Explains that translocated down syndrome is a genetically caused form of down syndrome, which is passed along through the parent’s gene to its child.
- Cites works citeddictionary.com (2014). down syndrome. retrieved from april 3, 2014.
- Describes the common symptoms of down syndrome and nih.gov. dr. michelle, w. (2013). down's syndrome.
- Cites fergus, k., and webmd.
950 wordsRead More - Does Down Syndrome Increase the Chances of Developing Leukemia?explanatory essayI have had personal experiences with the Down syndrome disease since my girlfriend’s brother has it. His name is Nick and at age 30 lives with Down syndrome. I see just how much of affects his daily life. Things I notice is he stutters when he tries to pronounce certain words, knows all the lines to the 3 stooges movies, remembers things that most people have no recollection of. He is very organized as everything has to be in the exact place it was before it was moved. It just amazing how many little quirks he has been most regular people have that too.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that down syndrome is a genetic disease that occurs in people that have 47 chromosomes instead of 46.
- Explains that children with down syndrome or trisomy 21 have a markedly increased risk of leukemia in childhood but later on in adulthood.
- Explains that acute myeloid leukemia develops when acquired changes in dna of a developing marrow cell that can turn into cancerous cells.
- Explains the signs and symptoms of aml, including low platelet count, bleeds, brain bleeding, and lungs bleeding. myeloid sarcoma is the rarest symptom.
- Explains that children who get leukemia are treated with induction therapy, which results in 80% remission and 50%, 5-year-relapse free. chemotherapy has had the best effect at fighting off the cancer.
- Explains that children with down syndrome and leukemia are more prone to suffer from toxicity from chemotherapy which includes the chemical methotrexate.
- Explains that most children with down syndrome and tmd can develop aml in the first 3 years of their life time.
- Describes how their girlfriend's brother, nick, lives with down syndrome. he stutters when he tries to pronounce certain words, knows all the lines to the 3 stooges movies, remembers things most people have no recollection of.
- Opines that people with down syndrome and leukemia will live a challenging life.
1106 wordsRead More - Essay On Down Syndromeexplanatory essayDown's syndrome is not a disease and therefore people with Down syndrome do not suffer nor are they victims of their condition.Down Syndrome is a natural disorder coming from a chromosome defect. It is a genetic condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. Which causes mental impairment and physical deformity.For example short stature , broad facial profile and weak muscle tone.It occurs in approximately one in every 800 live births.It is the most frequently occurring chromosomal disorder. Down syndrome is not related to race, nationality, religion or socioeconomic status.(medline plus)
In this essay, the author
- Explains that people with down's syndrome have been around for a while.
- Explains that down's syndrome is not a disease and therefore people with it do not suffer nor are victims of it.
- Explains that children with down syndrome are normally smaller, and their physical and mental improvements are slower compared to children who are unaffected.
- Explains that 80% of children with down syndrome are born to women under 35 years of age. younger women have higher fertility rates.
- Explains that down syndrome can be diagnosed by screen testing in the second trimester. an ultrasound or blood test can help show if the baby is developing or at risk of having it.
- Explains that babies with down syndrome have congenital heart disease, which could lead to high blood pressure in the lungs. some defects are minor and can be treated with medicine.
- Explains that children with down syndrome have vision problems, cataracts, hearing loss, and ear infections, which can be treated easily.
- Explains that hypothyroidism is when the thyroid makes little or no thyroid hormone. it occurs more in children with down syndrome than children without it.
- Explains that children with down syndrome have a 10 to 15 times higher risk than kids without down syndrome of getting leukemia.
- Explains that poor muscle tone is a minor setback when rolling over, sitting up, crawling, and walking. parents can work with breastfeeding experts and pediatric nutritionists to establish proper nutrition.
- Explains that children with down syndrome may have missing bones in the upper part of the spine that can press on the spinal cord and increase the risk for injury.
- Explains that epilepsy, traumatic brain injuries, and strokes can lead to brain atrophy. mental health and emotional problems can occur in children with down syndrome.
- Explains that there is no specific treatment for down syndrome. behavioral discipline can help people with down syndrome and their families deal with frustration, anger, and compulsive behavior.
1142 wordsRead More