Down syndrome is a birth defect caused by a genetic disorder that affects 350,000 people in the United States. It is caused by abnormalities in the genes and is not inherited, meaning that parents do not pass this onto their children. Genetics is the study of heredity or how certain traits are passed from parents to their children. Genes are the basic unit of heredity. Cells are the building blocks of your body and each one of us has more than 100 trillion cells. Our genes are located in chromosomes. Each cell in your body contains 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs. In a person with Down syndrome, there are 47 chromosomes. In 1956, a French researcher named Jerome Lejeune used a new powerful microscope to view human strands of DNA. DNA is what holds an individual person’s genes. He studied these DNA strands and determined that there is an extra strand in chromosome 21, which is now called “Trisomy 21” tri meaning three and somy for the word chromosome – meaning three chromosomes. No one knows exactly what causes Down syndrome aside from it being genetic.
Many years ago, this condition was known as “mongolism” or people that had it were called “mongolian idiots”. But in later years, Asian people as well as parents of these children protested these terms and in the 1960’s the condition became known as Down syndrome in honor of the English doctor John Langdon Down. Who, in 1866, studied people with mental retardation and noted distinct physical features in them. Some of the physical features associated with Down syndrome are low muscle tone, many newborns appear as floppy and not toned, they have flat facial features especially a small nose with a flattened nasal bridge. Their eyes are slightly slanted with small skin
folds at the inner corner. The have a short neck, small abnormal shaped ears, and an enlarged tongue that often tends to protrude making speech difficult to understand.
Many people with Down syndrome suffer from a variety of health problems. The most common and significant symptom is mental retardation, which ranges from mild to moderate. People with Down syndrome suffer from congenital heart defects, which affect approximately 40-50% of these people. Their poor muscle tone makes much physical activity difficult. There are many hormonal problems, mainly thyroid disease. People with Down syndrome suffer from circulatory problems, respiratory ailments, ...
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...the placenta is removed and the cells are tested under a microscope for chromosomal abnormalities. The last test is Amniocentesis, which is where a sample of the amniotic fluid is withdrawn from the womb. This procedure is done during the 14th to 18th week of pregnancy. This is the most reliable and accurate test. It is 99.8% reliable in testing for Down syndrome. There is another blood test available called Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling (PUBS).
The fact of the matter is no matter how different or unusual these people appear, people afflicted with Down syndrome should be treated with respect and dignity just like you and me. These people are productive individuals and have many things to offer. Just because they are different doesn’t mean they aren’t valuable to us. We can learn patience and acceptance from them and until there is a cure, our acceptance and a positive attitude will help us all to move forward.
Works Cited
Diseases and Disorders - Down Syndrome, Christina M. Girod, San Diego, CA, 2001
Down Syndrome, Salvatore Tocci, Grolier Publishing Company, Inc., 2000
www.aolsvc.health.webmd.aol.com/content/article/1680.54172
www.my.webmd.com
In this essay, the author
- Explains that down syndrome is a birth defect caused by abnormalities in the genes and is not inherited, meaning that parents do not pass this onto their children.
- Explains that in the 1960s, the condition became known as down syndrome in honor of the english doctor john langdon down, who studied people with mental retardation.
- Explains that people with down syndrome suffer from mental retardation, congenital heart defects, circulatory problems, respiratory ailments, and digestive problems.
- Explains that down syndrome is a birth defect caused by abnormalities in the genes and is not inherited, meaning that parents do not pass this onto their children.
- Explains that in the 1960s, the condition became known as down syndrome in honor of the english doctor john langdon down, who studied people with mental retardation.
- Explains that people with down syndrome suffer from mental retardation, congenital heart defects, circulatory problems, respiratory ailments, and digestive problems.
- Explains that children with down syndrome have difficulty with their cognitive (thinking) abilities, problem solving, memory retention, social, language, and motor skills.
- Opines that although people with disabilities are becoming more acceptable in society, we still have a long way to go.
- Explains that there is genetic research and studies in biochemistry to find a way to prevent down syndrome. the human genome project is identifying the genes in the human body.
- Explains that down syndrome is caused very early in the development of the fetus. there are four prenatal tests used to detect this condition.
- Opines that people afflicted with down syndrome should be treated with respect and dignity just like you and me. they are productive individuals and have many things to offer.
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- Genetic Disordersexplanatory essayAccording to Genetics Home Reference, Down syndrome is a chromosomal condition that is associated w...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that genetic disorders can alter physical appearance and cause mild to severe mental retardation, such as fragile x syndrome, down syndrome and turners syndrome.
- Explains fragile x syndrome is caused by the expansion or lengthening of the fmr1 gene on the x chromosome, known as a gene mutation.
- Explains that people with fragile x have narrow faces, large ears, a prominent jaw and forehead, and are hyperactive and fidgety.
- Explains that genetic disorders can alter physical appearance and cause mild to severe mental retardation, such as fragile x syndrome, down syndrome and turners syndrome.
- Explains fragile x syndrome is caused by the expansion or lengthening of the fmr1 gene on the x chromosome, known as a gene mutation.
- Explains that people with fragile x have narrow faces, large ears, a prominent jaw and forehead, and are hyperactive and fidgety.
- Explains that down syndrome is associated with intellectual disability, a characteristic facial appearance, and weak muscle tone in infancy. it is caused by an extra copy of the 21st chromosome.
- Explains that people with down syndrome stick out more to others than individuals with fragile x or other syndromes.
- Explains that klinefelter's syndrome is a chromosomal condition that affects only the male physical and cognitive development.
- Explains that turner's syndrome affects the development of females. one third to one half of individuals with turner syndrome are born with a heart defect.
- Explains that individuals with fragile x, down syndrome, klinefelter's syndrome and turner syndrome can learn just like normal people.
- Cites schoenstadt, m., national library of medicine, and the national down syndrome society.
830 wordsRead More - The Causes Of Down Syndromeexplanatory essayThe mother will need to be evaluated to make sure the baby will be fine before birth (Health Line). During the first trimester, one way to determine if the baby will have Down syndrome is through test (Health Line).”The tests have a higher false- positive rate than the test done later in pregnancy” (Health Line). Ultrasound and blood work can detect if the baby will be born with Down syndrome (Health Line). In the second trimester, having an ultrasound done can tell rather the baby will grow properly. Also, when having the ultrasound the mother can see if the spinal cord is growing correctly (Health Line). “The test is typically done around 15 and 20 weeks old” (Health Line). Most mothers rather not take the test due to the risk of miscarriage. “There are three different tests that can be done an Amniocentesis is one test, the doctor will take amniotic fluid to examine the number of chromosomes the babies has” (Health Line). “Chronic villus sampling the procedure the doctor will take cells from the placenta to analyze fetal chromosomes” (Health Line). The test can origin miscarriages; but only by one percent most mothers do not take the test due to the risk to the fetus (Health
In this essay, the author
- Explains that most mothers do not take the test due to the risk of miscarriage.
- Explains that students with down syndrome are continuing in high school, college, and careers but, since they have many medical complications, it can cause problems with them continuing their day to day lives.
- Explains that down syndrome is not a handicap birth defect, though they are more reliant on family more than others. brain development is the source of the issue when it comes to many problems dealing with it.
- Explains that most mothers do not take the test due to the risk of miscarriage.
- Explains that students with down syndrome are continuing in high school, college, and careers but, since they have many medical complications, it can cause problems with them continuing their day to day lives.
- Explains that down syndrome is not a handicap birth defect, though they are more reliant on family more than others. brain development is the source of the issue when it comes to many problems dealing with it.
- Explains the causes of down syndrome, the effects it has on somebody, and the final results on how it works.
- Explains that down syndrome people have the extra copies of chromosomes, so they don't have their parent's gene. they have flat face structure, short neck, bulging tongue, poor muscle tone and eyes that slant upward
1623 wordsRead More - Down Syndromeexplanatory essayDown syndrome takes its name from Dr. Langdon Down. He was the first person to describe the syndrome in 1866. The earliest recorded incident of someone having Down syndrome dates back to an altar piece painted in a church in Aachen, Germany in 1504. Although the syndrome is named after Dr Langdon Down, he did not understand the condition, as we know it today. The syndrome was referred to as having mongolism. This was because people who have Down syndrome have similar physical characteristics to those people of oriental heritage.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the eyes of nearly all children and adults with the syndrome slant slightly upwards. there is also a fold of skin that runs between the inner corner of the eye and the nose.
- Explains that hearing loss can cause speech problems in children.
- Explains that the syndrome is named after dr. langdon down, who was the first person to describe it in 1866.
- Explains that the eyes of nearly all children and adults with the syndrome slant slightly upwards. there is also a fold of skin that runs between the inner corner of the eye and the nose.
- Explains that hearing loss can cause speech problems in children.
- Explains that the syndrome is named after dr. langdon down, who was the first person to describe it in 1866.
- Explains that children with down syndrome weigh less than average at birth, are shorter than other children, and have flabby muscle tone and poor coordination due to less control over the motor nerves.
- Explains that there are three forms of down syndrome: trisomy 21 and mosaicism.
- Describes how they worked for an independent living center in little rock, which had two men and one woman who had downs. they were grateful for the attention they received and enjoyed their job.
1391 wordsRead More - Translating Dosage Compensation to Trisomy 21explanatory essayAccording to Gould and Dyer (2011), characteristics in people with Down syndrome are typically a small head with a flat facial profile, eyes are slanted and the irises contain a Brushfield spots, mouth tends to hand open, large tongue, and high-arched palate. The person can also have small and a single palmar crease, hypotonic muscles, joints are loose, cervical abnormalities, short stature, delay in developmental stages, sexual development is delayed or incomplete, and children are at risk for other problems such as visual issues, hearing problems, obstructions in the digestive tract, celiac diseas...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that down syndrome is an example of trisomy due to there are three chromosomes that are present versus two in the 21 position.
- Explains that people with down syndrome have a small head, flat facial profile, eyes are slanted, mouth tends to hand open, hypotonic muscles, joints are loose, cervical abnormalities, short stature, delay in developmental stages, sexual development is delayed or incomplete.
- Explains that the research of translating dosage of the trisomy 21 gene was done to see if the human x-inactivation could be put into the one copy that has the extra chromosome.
- Explains that down syndrome is an example of trisomy due to there are three chromosomes that are present versus two in the 21 position.
- Explains that people with down syndrome have a small head, flat facial profile, eyes are slanted, mouth tends to hand open, hypotonic muscles, joints are loose, cervical abnormalities, short stature, delay in developmental stages, sexual development is delayed or incomplete.
- Explains that the research of translating dosage of the trisomy 21 gene was done to see if the human x-inactivation could be put into the one copy that has the extra chromosome.
- Explains that the people that contributed to the study found a way that they could robust the competence of chromosome 21 to be silenced.
- Explains that silencing chromosome 21 in vitro can increase the health of a child mentally and physically. nurses can treat the child just like any other child regardless of their genetic composition.
- Explains that xist expression triggers chromosome 21 repression and reverses deficits in cell proliferation and neural progenitors, which has implications for hypocellularity in down's syndrome brain.
- Introduces gould, b.e., and dyer, r.m. (2011). pathophysiology for the health professions.
798 wordsRead More - The Chromosome Disorder Down Syndromeopinion essayDown syndrome is the most common and readily identifiable chromosomal condition associated with mental retardation. It is caused by a chromosomal abnormality: for some unexplained reason, an accident in cell development results in 47 instead of the usual 46 chromosomes. This extra chromosome changes the orderly development of the body and brain. In most cases, the diagnosis of Down syndrome is made according to results from a chromosome test administered shortly after birth.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the chromosome disorder down syndrome is the most common and readily identifiable chromosomal condition associated with mental retardation.
- Explains that 4,000 children with down syndrome are born in the u.s. each year, or about 1 in every 800 to 1,000 live births.
- Explains that there are over 50 clinical signs of down syndrome, but it is rare to find all or even most of them in one person.
- Explains that the chromosome disorder down syndrome is the most common and readily identifiable chromosomal condition associated with mental retardation.
- Explains that 4,000 children with down syndrome are born in the u.s. each year, or about 1 in every 800 to 1,000 live births.
- Explains that there are over 50 clinical signs of down syndrome, but it is rare to find all or even most of them in one person.
- Explains that children with down syndrome are smaller than their non-disabled peers, and their physical and intellectual development is slower.
- Explains that approximately one third of babies born with down syndrome have heart defects, most of which are correctable. some individuals have gastrointestinal tract problems that can be surgically corrected.
- Explains that some people with down syndrome may have atlantoaxial instability, a condition that makes them more prone to injury if they participate in activities which overextend or flex the neck.
- Explains that children with down syndrome may become obese as they grow older. a supervised diet and exercise program may help reduce this problem.
- Recommends that parents enroll their child in an infant development/early intervention program, which offers special instruction in language, cognitive, self-help, and social skills, as well as specific exercises for gross and fine motor development.
- Explains that there is a wide variation in mental abilities, behavior, and developmental progress in individuals with down syndrome.
- Opines that it is important for families and all members of the school's education team to place few limitations on potential capabilities. teaching tasks in a step-by-step manner with frequent reinforcement and consistent feedback has proven successful.
607 wordsRead More - Down Syndrome: An Intellectual and Developmental Disabilityexplanatory essayDown syndrome is a genetic condition which can cause intellectual and developmental disabilities. Persons affected with Down syndrome have the common will have an additional chromosome; instead of 46, they have 47 chromosomes. Down syndrome occurs in about one in every 733 births, making it one of the most common birth defect (Cadsa). The physical traits shared by Down syndrome children and adults make this genetic defect easily recognizable. As described on the website, The Arc (2010), these physical traits may include flattening of the back of the head, eyelids that slant upwards and outwards, small skin that folds at the inner corner of the eyes, flattened noses, small ears and a small mouth which will make the tongue seem large. Most will have decreased muscle tone, loose ligaments, small hands and feet, and overall, a smaller statue. There are two features that are not so recognizable and will affect fifty percent of those with Down syndrome; one line across the palm, and a big space between the first and second toes. Like most exceptionalities, not every child will have all of the physical characteristics described and may only show evidence of a few, yet others will exhibit the more severe attributes of Down syndrome. Physically and intellectually, children and adults with Down syndrome will have a broad spectrum of functionality. Typically, thos...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that while researching exceptionalities in the textbook educating exceptional children, they chose to research further into down syndrome, a common and easily identified exceptionality.
- Explains that down syndrome is a genetic condition that can cause intellectual and developmental disabilities. it occurs in about one in every 733 births.
- Explains that an amniocentesis can easily identify the chromosomal abnormality or after birth with a simple blood test performed on the newborn.
- Explains that while researching exceptionalities in the textbook educating exceptional children, they chose to research further into down syndrome, a common and easily identified exceptionality.
- Explains that down syndrome is a genetic condition that can cause intellectual and developmental disabilities. it occurs in about one in every 733 births.
- Explains that an amniocentesis can easily identify the chromosomal abnormality or after birth with a simple blood test performed on the newborn.
- Explains that cognitive development is defined as how a child learns and processes information. children with down syndrome tend to learn and show progress slower than their peers.
- Explains that research has shown that children with down syndrome benefit immensely with early intervention. based on the child's needs there are many specialist who can be obtained.
558 wordsRead More - An Essay On Down Syndromeexplanatory essayDown syndrome is caused because of an abnormal characteristic which means there is an extra copy of genetic material on all or just part of chromosome 21. In our body, it contains genes that are located in the cell’s nucleus. Normally a cell has a total of 46 chromosomes (23 from the mother and 23 from the father), but in the case of Down syndrome the baby will have a total of 47 chromosomes instead of 46. This is because of an extra chromosome 21; this is caused by a cell division called nondisjunction which is when a sperm or egg cell has another copy of the chromosome 21 either before or at conception. This disorder means that the baby born or diagnosed with Down’s syndrome will have impairments in their mental ability and their physical growth.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that down syndrome is caused by an abnormal characteristic which means there is an extra copy of genetic material on all or just part of chromosome 21.
- Explains that down syndrome affects children in a variety of different ways, but they may not have all of them.
- Explains that all children with down syndrome will have some sort of learning disability and delay in their development.
- Explains that down syndrome is caused by an abnormal characteristic which means there is an extra copy of genetic material on all or just part of chromosome 21.
- Explains that down syndrome affects children in a variety of different ways, but they may not have all of them.
- Explains that all children with down syndrome will have some sort of learning disability and delay in their development.
- Explains that people with down syndrome are at higher risk of heart defects, breathing and hearing problems, alzheimer’s, leukaemia, epilepsy, and thyroid conditions.
- Explains that cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder, and if an individual has it, it means that one of their genes is not working properly.
- Explains that a mutation in the gene controls the way the cells handle sodium and chloride ions, which is salt.
- Explains that for a baby to be born with cystic fibrosis, both the mother and father must be carriers.
- Describes the symptoms of cystic fibrosis and explains how it affects many organs, including the lungs and digestive system.
- Explains that sickle cell anaemia is caused by a genetic mutation that affects the development of haemoglobin.
- Explains that sickle cell anaemia can have a variety of symptoms, although not everyone will experience all the symptoms. a sickle cell crisis is caused when abnormal bloody cells block small blood vessels.
- Explains that children with sickle cell anaemia may need tutors or extra help at school to help with catching up on work. adults with this disorder may be able to work from home during these episodes.
- Explains that amputations are performed in the uk every year, and one of the most common reasons is the loss of blood supply in limbs.
- Explains that many people experience complications after the amputation of their limb, such as heart complications, blood clots, infections, pneumonia, and further surgery.
- Explains that strokes can be prevented by lifestyle changes, such as age, family history, ethnicity, and medical history.
- Explains the symptoms that come with a stroke, such as the face dropping to one side, not being able to lift either one or both arms due to being weak, slurred speech, dizziness, and loss of eye sight.
- Explains that foetal alcohol syndrome develops when a pregnant woman drinks large amounts of alcohol. the alcohol travels to the placenta and the fetus through the blood stream.
- Explains that foetal alcohol syndrome affects both mental and physical deficiencies, such as low birth weight, organ dysfunction, epilepsy, failure to thrive, and developmental delay.
- Explains that people live in damp and overcrowded housing because they don't have money to repair where the dampness is.
- Explains that bad housing can impact an individual's physical health, mental health and education. children who live in poor housing are twice more likely to suffer from poor health than other children.
- Explains that many families will have a low income due to the fact that the parents of the family do not get much income coming through.
- Explains that having a low income can lead to mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety.
- Explains that individuals may develop poor education because of not attending school. this may be because their families cannot afford it, or because they have more responsibilities at home.
- Explains that having a poor education can have many effects on someone, such as low income, poor job prospects, and secondary socialisation.
- Explains that people consume excessive amounts of alcohol to cope with certain things going on in their lives. this may be because of a family issue.
- Explains that alcohol slows down the brain, raises the risk of mental health illness, and affects memory. long-term drinking can lead to stomach cancer, liver damage and medical treatment.
3090 wordsRead More - Down Syndrome Genetics Abnormalityexplanatory essayDown syndrome is found in one in every 691 babies in the United States! (Global Down Syndrome Para 12). The abnormality in physical and mental traits of this genetic disease has made it moderately difficult for those who are diagnosed to live. Their lifestyle and their parents are more complicated than a regular human being because of the extra attention towards health and education needed. But with extensive medical care and proper techniques families are able to get through the illness.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that down syndrome is found in one in every 691 babies in the united states. the abnormality in physical and mental traits of this genetic disease makes it moderately difficult for those diagnosed to live.
- Explains that living with down syndrome can be lethal because of the major medical complications assorted with the disease.
- Explains that normal human beings have 46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent, whereas those with down syndrome have 47 because of a fault during the cell division process.
- Explains that down syndrome is found in one in every 691 babies in the united states. the abnormality in physical and mental traits of this genetic disease makes it moderately difficult for those diagnosed to live.
- Explains that living with down syndrome can be lethal because of the major medical complications assorted with the disease.
- Explains that normal human beings have 46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent, whereas those with down syndrome have 47 because of a fault during the cell division process.
- Explains that in 90% of trisomy 21 cases, the additional chromosome comes from the mother's egg. maternal age reflects the likelihood of having a child with the illness.
- Explains that down syndrome is the least researched and sponsored genetic disease but the most common in america. recent studies have shown they can silence the extra chromosome which halts extra compounds to be produced.
- Opines that more medical study would greatly aid scientists, doctors and those with the syndrome to overcome it. laboratory and medical research goes hand-in-hand and is a complicated, long and expensive process.
- Explains that doctors are capable of taking tests and observing signs to quickly treat the disease in its earlier stages, in order to prevent or lessen the potential symptoms.
- Explains that people with down syndrome are able to live normal lives except for the obvious assistance needed. though they suffer from mental retardation, they can still produce feelings and emotions.
- Explains that mental retardation is the most effective symptoms of down syndrome. depending on the person, mild to moderate intellectual delay can be expressed.
- Explains that down syndrome patients' communication and educational level is slower, which makes it harder for them to converse with others. special schools and sessions are accessible so they’re able to learn at their own pace.
- Explains that those affected by the syndrome possess many unique talents and characteristics. they express honesty, creativity, and carrying potentials.
- Explains that dr. jerome lejeune discovered down syndrome 140 years ago, but there is no cure for the disease. there are many medicines indicated to treat the pain of the symptoms.
- Explains that down syndrome is a distinctive yet undiscovered genetic disease that is slowly unveiling its cure.
- Cites down syndrome's behavior, in a.d.a.m. medical encyclopedia, from the ncbi.
- Explains that lab work raises potential for gene therapy breakthrough in down syndrome.
908 wordsRead More - Types Of Down Syndromeexplanatory essayDown syndrome is named after a British doctor, Langdon Down, who first described the condition in 1887. Langdon did not have down syndrome but wrote a paper entitled “Observations on the Ethnic Classifications of Idiots.” In his paper Langdon referred to down syndrome as the “Mongolian type of Idiot,” which resulted in people with down syndrome being called “Monogoloids.” It wasn’t until more than 60 years later, in 1959, that an extra 21 chromosome was identified as the cause by Dr. Jerome Lejune.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that down syndrome is a genetic mutation caused by an extra full or partial 21 chromosome and affects 1 in every 691 babies born in the united states.
- Explains that down syndrome is named after a british doctor, langdon down, who first described the condition in 1887.
- Explains that trisomy 21 is the most common type of down syndrome and it account for 95% of cases. it is caused by an error in cell division known as nondisjunction.
- Explains that down syndrome is a genetic mutation caused by an extra full or partial 21 chromosome and affects 1 in every 691 babies born in the united states.
- Explains that down syndrome is named after a british doctor, langdon down, who first described the condition in 1887.
- Explains that trisomy 21 is the most common type of down syndrome and it account for 95% of cases. it is caused by an error in cell division known as nondisjunction.
- Explains that translocation down syndrome accounts for about 3% of cases and occurs when a full or extra part of chromosome 21 is present and is attached or "trans-located" to another
- Explains that mosaic down syndrome affects about 2% of people who have down syndrome. it occurs when some of child’s cells have three copies of chromosome 21, but not all.
- Explains that people with down syndrome have similar physical features, such as small ears, ears and feet, tiny white pars on the iris of the eye, a short neck, and almond-shaped eyes that slant upward.
- Estimates that 92% of cases with a positive test for down syndrome lead to an abortion.
- Explains that the national down syndrome society is the "national advocate for people with down syndrome since 1979." it was founded by the goodwin family who had a daughter, carson.
- Explains that the probability of down syndrome increases with the age of the mother.
- Explains that people with down syndrome are similar to you, so why is it okay to call them retarded? they only have part or a full extra chromosome 21. it is amazing how one piece of genetic material can change your life.
738 wordsRead More - Down Syndromeexplanatory essayThey used to be called "Mongoloids," an ethnic insult coined by John Langdon Down, an English physician during the nineteenth century. But now they are known as people, individuals with a condition known as Down syndrome. (3). It wasn't until the 1960s that Jerome Lejeune and Patricia Jacobs discovered the cause of Down syndrome (also called trisomy 21). But with technological advancements within the scientific community, more and more information has been gathered about the condition that affects about one in every one thousand children born around the world. (4).
In this essay, the author
- Explains that people with down syndrome used to be called mongoloids, an ethnic insult coined by john langdon down. jerome lejeune and patricia jacobs discovered the cause of the condition in the 1960s.
- Explains that down syndrome is a genetic condition caused by certain chromosomal abnormalities.
- Explains that the extra chromosome in trisomy 21 results in overexpression of genes, but the genes involved in down syndrome seem different.
- Explains that people with down syndrome used to be called mongoloids, an ethnic insult coined by john langdon down. jerome lejeune and patricia jacobs discovered the cause of the condition in the 1960s.
- Explains that down syndrome is a genetic condition caused by certain chromosomal abnormalities.
- Explains that the extra chromosome in trisomy 21 results in overexpression of genes, but the genes involved in down syndrome seem different.
- Explains that overexpression in genes such as caf1a, cystathione beta synthase, and gart might be harmful to dna synthesis and repair.
- Describes robertsonian translocation, where two divisions occur in the chromosomes.
- Explains the third type of down syndrome called mosaicism. mosaicism occurs when a person has mixture of cell types.
- Explains that it is possible to detect whether or not down syndrome affects a fetus during pregnancy.
- Explains diagnostic tests include amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (cvs). both tests carry a small risk of miscarriage, but are highly recommended for mothers over the age of 35.
- Explains that children born with trisomy 21 have mental retardation, heart defects, epilepsy, celiac disease, and hypothyroidism. physical effects of down syndrome include epicanthal folds over the eyes, flattened bridges of the nose,
- Explains that people born with down syndrome are capable of learning and reacting just like other people without the abnormalities associated with the syndrome. researchers get closer to discovering the mystery of trisomy 21.
- Describes the internet sources for prenatal screening for down syndrome and comprehensive speech and language treatment for infants, toddlers and children with down syndrome.
1251 wordsRead More - Trisomy 21explanatory essayDown syndrome is a disorder that comes with some defects, such as in the face, heart, sight, and hearing, and other health related problems. It also is the most common genetic defect, affecting many babies. Down syndrome is caused when the chromosomes are being divided during meiosis the cell keeps both copies of chromosome #21, which means the person with Down syndrome has an extra copy in every cell in their body. This is a sad genetic disorder that can change a person's life. Even though it is a devastating gene mutation, the people with Down syndrome are some of the most loving of all people.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that when someone has three chromosomes present, people tend to use the term "trisomy," which is also known as down syndrome.
- Explains that down syndrome is the most common genetic defect, affecting many babies. it is caused when the chromosomes are being divided during meiosis.
- Explains that people with down syndrome do not live to be very old, but they may have problems with their organs and body processes.
- Explains that when someone has three chromosomes present, people tend to use the term "trisomy," which is also known as down syndrome.
- Explains that down syndrome is the most common genetic defect, affecting many babies. it is caused when the chromosomes are being divided during meiosis.
- Explains that people with down syndrome do not live to be very old, but they may have problems with their organs and body processes.
- Explains that chromosome 21 contains between 300 and 400 genes and is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.
- Explains that down syndrome occurs when there are three copies of chromosome 21. it's a gene mutation that takes toll on physical and mental beings.
- Explains that down syndrome affects 1 in 691 people who are born. the ratio of this disorder is 1 and 25.
- Explains the different types of therapy used to help people with down syndrome, such as holistic therapy, which treats the body as a whole instead of looking at the genetic disorder.
597 wordsRead More - Development and Learning For People WIth Down Syndromeexplanatory essayDown syndrome is a different disorder, and it affects all types of people, no matter what color or gender. Not only affecting the mental aspects of an individual, but also their physical appearance. Everyday activities involve a struggle and challenge to not only the one diagnosed, but with the ones involved.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that a person with down syndrome has an extra copy of chromosome 21, which causes physical features and developmental delays associated with ds.
- Explains that down syndrome affects all types of people, no matter what color or gender. everyday activities involve a struggle and challenge to not only those diagnosed, but with those involved.
- Explains that down syndrome can be diagnosed and tested in two ways. prenatal screening tests and prenatal diagnostic tests are the most effective options.
- Explains that a person with down syndrome has an extra copy of chromosome 21, which causes physical features and developmental delays associated with ds.
- Explains that down syndrome affects all types of people, no matter what color or gender. everyday activities involve a struggle and challenge to not only those diagnosed, but with those involved.
- Explains that down syndrome can be diagnosed and tested in two ways. prenatal screening tests and prenatal diagnostic tests are the most effective options.
- Explains that one in every 691 babies in the united states is born with down syndrome, making it the most common genetic condition.
- Explains that the most common type of down syndrome is called trisomy 21. it affects ninety-five percent of people with it.
- Explains that the most noticeable characteristics of down syndrome are low muscle tone, flat features in the face, "button" nose, upward slant to the eyes, abnormal ear shape, hyper-flexibility, and an enlarged tongue.
- Explains that children with down syndrome have a higher risk of developing leukemia, pneumonia, and alzheimer's disease.
- Explains that physical characteristics affect the appearance and health of those diagnosed with down syndrome, while mental development affects the learning processes, communications, and activities of these individuals.
- Explains the pattern of cognitive and behavioral features that are observed among children with down syndrome that differs from that seen in typically developing children.
- Explains that children with downs naturally have good social skills. learning can be a challenge, but when done correctly, it could be beneficial to the child.
- Explains that a child with down syndrome can't technically play sports and attend mobile activities as well as normal children.
- Explains that physical therapists play a key role in helping children develop strength and balance. the earlier your child begins physical therapy, the better the outcomes.
- Explains that physical therapy, speech-language therapy and occupational therapy help children develop in a positive way. a physical therapist can help the child gain motor skills and muscle tone.
- Opines that speech-language therapy would help the child develop speaking skill and pronunciation of words. a child with downs would normally take longer to learn a language.
- Opines that an emotional and behavioral therapist would be helpful in case of a child with downs who is frustrated.
- Opines that it is important not to stereotype individuals with down syndrome. they experience a full range of emotions and have their own characteristics, strengths, weaknesses and styles.
- Opines that no two people with downs have the same personality, but some do. quality educational programs, a stimulating home environment, good health care, and positive support from family, friends and the community enable them to develop their full potential and lead fulfilling lives.
- Explains that a person with down syndrome takes longer time processing information and learning. they are able to play sports and be active like normal people would.
- Explains the importance of early physical therapy for children with down syndrome.
- Explains fergus, kathleen. "symptoms of down syndrome." about.com down syndrome.
- Explains pulsifer, lisa, "down syndrome behavior in children." ehow. demand media, 20 oct. 2009.
2139 wordsRead More - Down Syndrome : A Chromosomal Disorderexplanatory essayJohn Langdon Down officially classified Down syndrome in 1866. Langdon Down grew up in Cornwall, England and worked in his family business until he entered medical school when he was eighteen. After obtaining his degree, he was appointed the medical superintendent of the Royal Earlswood Asylum for Idiots. He spent his time there perfecting his description of the “idiots” that lived in this Asylum. Because their physical appearance reminded him of people from Mongolia, he called the disorder “Mongolian idiocy”. When Langdon Down was studying these patients, he described them as being “humorous” and having “a considerable power of imitation” (Mark Leach). He also stated that, although “the speech [was] thick and indistinct”, they were “able to speak” (Mark Leach). Down syndrome wasn’t actually called Down syndrome until 1961 when a group of geneticists, eager to rename the disorder, looked back on his work and renamed Mongolian idiocy after John Langdon Down.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that down syndrome is a disorder that delays the development of children. it is associated with weak muscle tone, short neck, flat facial profile, upward slant to eyes, and floppiness.
- Explains that there is no real cure for down syndrome, but there are countless therapies that can benefit each patient’s specific needs.
- Explains that down syndrome occurs when a baby is born with an extra chromosome in each of their cells.
- Explains that down syndrome is a disorder that delays the development of children. it is associated with weak muscle tone, short neck, flat facial profile, upward slant to eyes, and floppiness.
- Explains that there is no real cure for down syndrome, but there are countless therapies that can benefit each patient’s specific needs.
- Explains that down syndrome occurs when a baby is born with an extra chromosome in each of their cells.
- Explains that due to the slow growth and developmental problems of people with down syndrome, they are more susceptible to certain medical problems.
1211 wordsRead More