A total of eight subjects, a mixture of 2 males and 6 females, partook in this experiment, all of which were between 19 and 22 years of age. These eight subjects acted as both the experimental and control groups to minimize any variation that may arise due to fitness level. The subjects did not consume any alcohol or caffeine 12 hours prior to the experiment.
Experimental Procedure
Douglas bags were randomly filled and assigned to subjects with either 100% oxygen or atmospheric air, by an assigner whom did not partake in the experiment. Baseline measurements of heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and peripheral blood flow were collected over two minutes from the subject. The subject then breathed the content of the douglas bag (with
…show more content…
The respiratory belt was connected to input 1 of the Powerlab, and respiratory rate was read directly from channel 3 in Labchart in breaths per minute.
Blood pressure was collected via the use of an automatic blood pressure cuff on the subject’s upper arm, and converted into pulse pressure.
Peripheral blood flow was measured via a respiratory belt attached around the subject’s calf and connected to input 2 of the Powerlab, and a blood pressure cuff wrapped around the subject’s thigh. The cuff was rapidly inflated to 60mmHg, and held for 30 seconds, then promptly released from the subject’s thigh. Changes in peripheral blood flow were measured from channel 2 in Labchart by comparing before the thigh cuff was released to afterwards.
Statistical Analysis
A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare between the 100% oxygen treatment and room air control for each cardiovascular and respiratory marker. When there was a significant effect for time (baseline vs. pre-exercise vs. post-exercise) a Holm-Sidak post-hoc test was run to compare between these individual time points. A p value equal to or less than 0.05 was considered statistically
Submaximal and maximal exercise testing are two analytic methods that can be used to examine the cardiovascular, and cardiorespiratory fitness/health levels of the individual being examined. Submaximal testing is usually preferred over maximal mainly because the submaximal exam is more practical in a fitness/health environment. Both test require the individual being examined to perform controlled exercise on a(n) treadmill/ergometer until either steady state has consecutively been reached (submax), or the individual reaches their max (close to it). Being that both test are set to exceed time limits of more than 3 minutes we examine the use of the ATP-PC, Glycolytic, and Oxidative energy systems. Although a huge portion of the test involves the use of the oxidative energy system, we must remember that the three systems are co-occurrent.
Over a three week period a test subject was instructed to come to the exercise physiology lab once a week. The purpose of the first week was to determine the baseline test data for the participant. During this first week, the subject was asked how many hours of sleep they had gotten the night before and how much they weighed. The subject was then instructed to put on a heart monitor and wear an O2 apparatus and begin running on a treadmill. This treadmill was set at zero incline for the beginning of the run until three minutes had passed. At the three minute mark the incline increased by 2.5%. After this the incline was continuously increased by 2.5% every two minutes. During this process, the VO2 and RER exchange rate of the subject was being tracked through the O2 apparatus. Their heart rate was recorded every 15 seconds. In addition, the subject was asked their perceived exertion at every increase in incline. The subject continued to run until they could not run anymore, at this time they would hop off the treadmill.
Ascertaining the adequacy of gaseous exchange is the major purpose of the respiratory assessment. The components of respiratory assessment comprises of rate, rhythm, quality of breathing, degree of effort, cough, skin colour, deformities and mental status (Moore, 2007). RR is a primary indicator among other components that assists health professionals to record the baseline findings of current ventilatory functions and to identify physiological respiratory deterioration. For instance, increased RR (tachypnoea) and tidal volume indicate the body’s attempt to correct hypoxaemia and hypercapnia (Cretikos, Bellomo, Hillman, Chen, Finfer, & Flabouris, 2008). The inclusive use of a respiratory assessment on a patient could lead to numerous potential benefits. Firstly, initial findings of respiratory assessment reveals baseline data of patient’s respiratory functions. Secondly, if the patient is on respiratory medication such as salbutamol and ipratropium bromide, the respiratory assessment enables nurses to measure the effectiveness of medications and patient’s compliance towards those medications (Cretikos, Bellomo, Hillman, Chen, Finfer, & Flabouris, 2008). Thirdly, it facilitates early identification of respiratory complications and it has the potential to reduce the risk of significant clinical
The individual will have their blood pressure levels taken using a blood pressure machine called a sphygmomanometer, where a cuff is placed around the individual’s arm and fills up with air to create pressure around the arm to restrict the amount of blood flow and takes a pulse reading as it releases the pressure. After the individual’s blood pressure has been taken they may be asked to take it at home using a blood pressure kit to see if it is still high and that the first reading was not due to anxiety.
This lab experiment was conducted in a Texas Woman’s University exercise physiology lab room, on September 20, 2013. It consisted of two main participants: A trained participant (Male; 30 years old; 72 in. tall; 82.9 kg) and an untrained participant (Female; 20 years old; 65 in. tall; 75 kg). They were selected by my Prof. April Hartman to participate because they were best qualified to conduct the study in our class. Both participants were assigned to carry out the same experimental task. The Bruce Protocol (graded test) on a treadmill (mode of exercise) was used to conduct the VO2max test. The materials needed were: 1 metabolic cart (with computers); 2 mouthpieces; 1 nose clip; 1 treadmill; 1 RPE scale; 1 timer; pen; paper; and a HR monitor.
Materials: This Cardiovascular activity was performed by different groups of students who were divided into groups of 4. A low step platform and stopwatch was used in both experiments of this study.
McKenzie, D. C. (2012). Respiratory physiology: Adaptations to high-level exercise. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46(6), 381. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090824
Hypothesis: If a person practices an aerobic sport on a daily basis (athlete), then he will have a higher recovery rate due to the fact that their hearts are more accustomed to intense physical exercises than someone who does not (non-athlete).
Furthermore carbon dioxide preparation were established eventually Tom's perusing method for gas return with respect to a breath-by-breath support before, an electronic framework might have been characterized be similarly as the greatest achieved during the end of each practice time done which the subject might never again direct the cycle ergometer speed toward 60 rpm. Anaerobic edge might have been distinguished during the breakpoint of the expand in the carbon dioxide income, also toward those perspective previously, which those ventilator proportional for oxygen what's more end-tidal oxygen halfway weight curves arrived at their particular least makings what's more started to climb. Respiratory compensation might have been recognized at the side of which the point in which opening equal to the carbon dioxide might have been most reduced in the recent past a thoughtful growth what's more at the end-tidal carbon dioxide unfinished weight achieves a greatest worth what's more starts will
The Queens College/McArdle Step Test, the Rockport One Mile Walk Test, and the 1.5 Mile Run Test are three different field tests that were performed in this lab that were used to measure and predict an individual’s aerobic capacity. The measurement of aerobic capacity, or VO2 max, is a valid way to assess an individual’s cardiorespiratory fitness level. VO2 max refers to the maximal amount of oxygen an individual utilizes during intensive exercise. A higher VO2 max demonstrates a more efficient cardiorespiratory system as an individual with a higher VO2 max can sustain a higher intensity for a longer
The research purpose is derived from the research problem. The purpose of this study which was clearly outlined in the introduction section of the paper, sought to determine if automatic blood pressure devices could measure orthostatic hypotension accurately in emergency settings. This purpose was accompanied by research objectives and a hypothesis that focused the study. The objectives in the study sought to find the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the automatic devices, clinical and statistical significance in postural drops, and if magnitude influenced blood pressures readings (Dind et al., 2011, p. 527).The authors also predicted in their hypothesis that the automatic devices would be less accurate if the systolic blood pressures were not between 120-180 mmHg which is their...
Investigation: I will be measuring peak flow and breathing rate at rest and 30 seconds after exercise to see how my heart rate and breathing rate changes.
The experiment consisted of a BIOPAC MP3X unit that was prepared with a Respiratory Transducer plug that was placed around the chest below the armpits and above the nipples, the respiratory transducer must be slightly tight. Three electrode lead sets were placed on the subject’s right ulna artery just above the wrist, right posterior tibial artery just above the ankle bone, and left posterior tibial artery just above the ankle bone. EDA plugs were then placed on the subject’s finger tips of their index finger and third finger. The subject was then sat in a chair facing the director, with arms relaxed at the side of the body, and hands a part In lap, with legs flexed at knee and feet supported. A baseline was then recorded for the first subjects,
AIM: - the aim of this experiment is to find out what the effects of exercise are on the heart rate. And to record these results in various formats. VARIABLES: - * Type of exercise * Duration of exercise * Intensity of exercise * Stage of respiration
This reflection of vital signs will go into discussion about the strengths and weaknesses of each vital sign and the importance of each of them. Vital signs should be assessed many different times such as on admission to a health care facility, before and after something substantial has happened to the patient such as surgery and so forth (ref inter). I learned to assess blood pressure (BP), pulse (P), temperature (T) and respiration (R) and I will reflect and discuss which aspects were more difficult and ways to improve on them. While pulse, respiration and temperature were fairly easy to become skilled at, it was blood pressure which was a bit more difficult to understand.