In the research paper Distant supervision for relation extraction without labeled data",
the authors Mike Mintz, Steven Bills, Rion Snow and Dan Jurafsky investigate an alternate paradigm
[called distant supervision] for relation extraction. This algorithm combines the advantages of Super-
vised Information Extraction and Unsupervised Information Extraction to achieve greater precision.
Apart from this, they also analyze feature performance for better understanding of the roles of lexical
and syntactic features. Some of the key observations from this research are :
1) A combination of syntactic and lexical features o ffers a substantial improvement in relation
extraction precision over either of these feature sets on its own.
2) Syntactical features may help tease apart difficult relations. They are more useful in cases where
the individual patterns are particularly ambiguous, and where they are nearby in the dependency
structure but distant in lexical terms.
The intuition of distant supervision is that any sentence that contains a pair of entities that participate in a known freebase relation is likely to express that relation in some way. This intuition
ignores the fact that two entities can have multiple relations between them. This can result in poor
relation extraction precision.
For example, consider the two statements - Rafael Nadal lives in Spain" and Rafael Nadal likes
playing tennis in Spain". The first sentence expresses the country of residence relation between
Rafael Nadal and Spain. Although the second sentence doesn't express the country of residence
relation, distant supervision wrongly labels it that way nevertheless.
This can be avoided by incorporating multiple relations between two ent...
... middle of paper ...
...er ever to play tennis". (Assume that these are the only answer sentences.)
When the model developed in the paper tries to extract an answer from these answer sentences, it
comes across three potential answers - football, golf and tennis.
To resolve such conflicts the paper resorts to the overproduce and vote mechanism. Rather than
this, I suggest we use the already existing freebase database and look for [Rafael Nadal, Football] ,
[Rafael Nadal, Golf] and [Rafael Nadal, Tennis] relations in it. This should give us a confirmation
that Rafael Nadal is related to tennis. Hence, tennis can be considered as the answer to our original
question.
Answer Extraction as a sequence tagging problem is a relatively new area of study in Natural
Language Processing and has much scope for improvement. Subtle changes in the approach can
produce state-of-the-art models.
Gawande talks about how he came up with the idea of hiring a coach to watch him perform surgery after an experience he had playing tennis. Years of playing the game and not improving, Gawande incidentally finds himself play tennis with a young man who is a tennis couch. The young man gives Gawande a tip about keeping his feet under his body when hitting the ball. At first he is uncertain, stating, “My serve had always been the best part of my game…..With a few minutes of tinkering, he’d added at least ten miles an hour to my serve. I was serving harder than I ever had in my life” (Gawande, 2011, p.3). Gawande is so greatly impacted by this experience that he decides to hire a coach to help him with is professional endeavors.
Use of graphite became popular when another legendary professional, Arthur Ashe, began using Head Presige’s one-hundred percent graphite racquet (“Tennis Nuts” 2017). The graphite racquet became extremely popular because of the stiffness. Even though the racquet was quite heavy, the main characteristic that made the graphite racquet so popular was the reduced vibration when a player hit the ball off the racquet (“Evolution of Tennis Rackets” 2017). The graphite racquet continued to be popular and began to be used by many other professional tennis players as well, such as Pete Sampras, who won fourteen Grand Slam titles in his career. Sampras used a graphite racquet named the Wilson Pro Staff. The Wilson Pro Staff was introduced in 1983, and tennis players seemed to enjoy this racquet because of the distinct feel it gave off. (“Tennis Nuts” 2017) Another graphite racquet called the Dunlop Max 200G debuted in 1980. (“Tennis Nuts” 2017) This racquet was used by legend John McEnroe and one of the greatest female tennis players of all time, Steffi Graf. The Dunlop Max 200G was lighter in weight compared to most graphite tennis
Jimmy worked like a demon to make up for the difference. By age 8, Jimmy was skillful enough to enter into tournaments, and he made a good showing in them. Jimmy did not win his first tournament until he was in the ten-year-old competition. The losses only gave him determination and the wins only gave humbleness. Jimmy Connors, a paragon of all sorts, had an unconquerable spirit. Jimmy knew that he had to be himself out on the tennis courts if he wanted to succeed. At times in Jimmy’s career, he was known as a spoiled brat for his cocky attitude. He was often called “mouth”. He had this spirit ever since he was a young boy. Being the smaller kid of his age group, he had to have something to hold onto.
Shafer-Landau begins his article by arguing that three considerations lay the foundation for the d...
The tennis seen as typical tennis today wasn’t truly how tennis began. The variation that everyone knows is known as lawn tennis, while the original variation is known as “jue de paume,” which means “game of the hand.” There is not a bit of information that helps prove the actual date of creation for the game, although it is sometime past the year 1000 AD as well as having a high potential of being created in France. Later on, racquets came into play and this beca...
“Marrero and Verdasco mixed up net and baseline play to negotiate a break of the Stepanek serve to 30 for a 5-4 lead in the first set.” This is the language of tennis and this is what I belong to. I’m a big tennis fan and also a tennis player. I will watch every single match in the ATP world tour final and the World Cup of Tennis. Tennis match gets me excited and bursts my fire inside my heart. I love tennis so I join tennis team in high school and in college. Tennis has made a significant impact to the world and unlike other sports, each member has their own unique ranking in the team, ranking is essential for each tennis team member. From No.1 to the last number, every player will fight for their highest ranking and try to challenge the one above their number. Tennis is cruel and challenging, but that is why I love it.
The reason why I chose to do my research paper on Pete Sampras is because I love to play tennis, and Pete is the greatest tennis player alive. I have always made him my role model, and I hope to one day meet him. I try and model my tennis game after his and it has really helped my tennis game. Pete Sampras is my childhood hero, and that is the reason why I chose the topic of Pete Sampras.
came when a former number player wrote in a tennis magazine criticizing her sport for denying
"INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT SPORTS." : The History of Tennis. N.p., 8 Oct. 2008. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. .
theoretical model. Routledge, 13, 537-545. Retrieved May 25, 2014, from the Academic Search Complete (Ebsco) database.
In the fourth paragraph the use of additive conjunction appears through the use of “also” and “and”. In the fifth paragraph the additive conjunction is expressed by the use of “and” and the temporal conjunction is expressed by the use of “before”. The additive conjunction “and” is used in the sixth paragraph. In the seventh paragraph the use of causal conjunction involves the use of “by” and the additive conjunction involves the use of “and” and “also”. In the eighth paragraph the additive conjunction is expressed through the use of “and” and the causal conjunction is expressed through the use of “by”. In the ninth paragraph the adversative conjunction is expressed by using
Jurafsky, D. & Martin, J. H. (2009), Speech and Language Processing: International Version: an Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech Recognition, 2nd ed, Pearson Education Inc, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Syntax is the study of how words are combined to create phrases and causes in the sentences of a specific language (Freeman and Freeman, 2014). Syntax helps us to make clear sentences that “sound right,” where words, phrases, and clauses each serve their function and are correctly ordered to form and communicate a complete sentence with meaning. The rules of syntax combine words into phrases and phrases into sentences. Not only does it focus on the correct word order for a language, but it also helps show the relationship between the meaning of a group of words. Without proper syntax, a sentence can be meaningless. It is key to understand that while every language does have certain syntax, the syntax does vary from language to language. It
An important linguistic change was also in syntax. Syntax governs the structure of a sentence, as well as the structure of verbs. Auxiliary verbs came into use, for example the use of do and have which extended the capability of expression for verbs. The subtle differences between I walk, I do walk, and I am walking are not available in many other languages. This improvement assisted English in differentiating itself from other languages.
This theory studies in written texts and recently in spoken language. It considers a property of texts and realized by various grammatical and lexical devices.