Disease Report on Scabies
The causal agent of the scabies is sarcoptes scabiei var.hominis. The human itch mite is in the class arachnidan family Sarcoptidae, subclass Acari. The mites burrow under the epidermis of the skin, and never go below the stratum corneum. Other races of scabies may cause infestations in other animals of which humans may contact with a temporary itching due to dermatitis; but they do not multiply in the human host. (http://www.cdc.gov/scabies/)
The history of scabies was written in a letter written by Dr.Giovan Cosimo Bonomo to Francesco Redi2 on July 18, 1687, is the first accurate description of the mite with a very accurate drawing of its appearance. In this letter, Bonomo stated that the sarcoptes scabiei could be transmitted by direct contact, and it stuck to almost everything, including fomites. This marked the first time that a microscopic organism could be the cause of the disease.
(http://www.dermato.med.br/hds/bibliography/1998giovan-cosimo-bonomo.htm)
The life cycle of the scabies undergoes four stages. Females deposit three to four eggs per day under the skin. These eggs will hatch in three to four days. These larvae move to the skin surface and burrow into the stratum corneum to construct molting pouches. The larval stage emerges from the eggs and has three pair of legs. After the larval molt, the resulting nymphs have four pair of legs. This form molts into slightly larger nymphs before molting into adults.
Identification of the scabies is a skin rash with severe itching, especially at night, is the most common symptom. Visually, the skin will have papules. Itching and rash may affect much of body, or be limited to more common sites such as between the fingers, on the wrists, waist...
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... very interesting project for me, and now my curiosity is satisfied about the scabies. Up until now, all I knew was that it was a skin infection with intense itching.
Works Cited
http://www.cdc.gov/scabies/
CDC’s Parasitic Diseases A-Z.
Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne,
Parasites and Health
Scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei)
http://www.dermato.med.br/hds/bibliography/1998giovan-cosimo-bonomo.htm
International Journal of Dermatology 1998; 37(8):625-630
Duke, James A. The Green Pharmacy Herbal Handbook
Rodale Books, 2000: 100-106.
http://www.cdc.gov/scabies/
CDC’s Parasitic Diseases A-Z.
Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne,
Parasites and Health
Scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei)
http://www.dermato.med.br/hds/bibliography/1998giovan-cosimo-bonomo.htm
After the end of the experiment the unknown 10 sample was Staphylococcus epidermidis. Came to this conclusion by first beginning with a Gram Stain test. By doing this test it would be easier to determine which route to take on the man made flow chart. Gram positive and gram negative bacteria have a set of different tests to help determine the unknown bacterium. Based on the different tests that were conducted in lab during the semester it was determined that the blood agar, MSA, and catalase test are used for gram positive bacteria while Macconkey, EMB, TSI, and citrate tests are used for gram negative bacteria. The results of the gram stain test were cocci and purple. This indicated that the unknown bacteria were gram positive. The gram stain test eliminated Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella enterica, and Yersinia enterocolitica as choices because these bacteria are gram negative. Next a Blood Agar plate was used because in order to do a MSA or a Catalase test there needs to be a colony of the bacteria. The result of the Blood Agar plate was nonhemolytic. This indicated that there was no lysis of red blood cells. By looking at the plate there was no change in the medium. Next an MSA test was done and the results showed that there was growth but no color change. This illustrates that the unkown bacteria could tolerate high salt concentration but not ferment mannitol. The MSA plate eliminated Streptococcus pneumonia and Streptococcus pyogenes as choices since the bacteria can’t grow in high salt concentration. Staphylococcus aureus could be eliminated because not only did the unknown bacteria grow but also it didn’t change color to yellow. Lastly a Catalase test was done by taking a colony from the Blood Agar plate...
Barone, Eugene J., Judson C. Jones, and Joann E. Schaefer. "Hidradenitis Suppurativa." Skin Disorders. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000. 21-25. Print.
...may have the same symptoms. The symptoms are red bumps that may bleed if the sores are picked over.
Clinical Manifestation: Unlike pubic lice, the symptoms of scabies are not easily visible. If there so happens to be symptoms, they may include: severe itching that usually occurs at night, dirty looking small bumps or rashes that a...
Keywords: eczema, boil, dermatitis atopic, hay fever, emollient bath, dust mite, bacterial toxins, hard water
Ms. Rouse became acutely aware of the rash and never recalled having a rash such as this before. She claimed not to have any allergic reactions that she is aware of to any pesticides, dust, mold, or liquids.
Unknown, Discover Staff. 1996. "The origin of Syphilis." Discover. October. Vol. 17, n10, pg23 (3)
This parasite is spread through the bite of sandflies. There are three different types of infections and they each show varying degrees of severity. The cutaneous form produces mild skin ulcers, mucocutaneous produces ulcers in the mouth and nose, and the visceral form of the disease starts with skin ulcers and then fever, low red blood cell count, and an enlarged spleen and liver. The parasite is detected by a microscope and visceral can also be found by doing blood tests. 12 million people are in infected in 98 different countries and 2 million new cases are found every year. The disease also kills around 20 to 50 thousand people a year.
Although children are the main hosts of this infection, they are not the only hosts. Even adult men and women can be susceptible to the inconvenience of Impetigo. (http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/understanding-impetigo-basics) (Nemours, 1995-2011)
Impetigo is caused mainly by staphylococcus aurues, which is a chain of globular bacteria (Cronana, Bacteria). There are three forms of Impetigo: Bullous, Non-Bullous or Contagiosa, and Ecthyma, Bullous Impetigo is causes large blisters on the skin that start out as a clear blister then normally turn cloudy, this type of blister stays intact longer on the skin then the other forms of impetigo. Non-Bullous or Contagiosa starts as tiny blisters, as time goes on these blister burst leaving a red, wet patch of skin, after fluid leaks from the blister they crust over leaving the surface a tan to yellowish color, “like it has been coated with brown sugar or honey”(Cronan). Ecthyma penetrates deeper into the skin, down to the dermis layer of skin which is the second layer. Ecthyma is very painful pus filled sores that eventually turn into deep ulcers on the skin. Once the sores break open, they scab over with a very thick hard gray-yellowish crust. Scars may remain even after the sore, or ulcers heal. Ecthyma can cause swollen lymph glands(Staff). The Non-Bullous or Contagoisa is the most common form of Impetigo (Cronan, Staff).
Our natural reaction to an itch of the skin is to scratch for relief. While this innocent scratch may provide the needed relief for many, it can aggravate the skin of others, triggering further distress. Accompanied by blisters, a burning sensation, and extremely dry patches on the skin, this condition is a form of dermatitis commonly known as eczema.
The primary stage of the infection is characterized by a chancer that presents as an ulcer in the anogenital area with an incubation period of nine-ninety days2. A chancer is a painless ulceration that forms where the original spirochete enters the broken skin or mucous membranes3. The lesions can also present on the lips, tongue, tonsils and nipples2. During the incubation period the T. pallidum can ...
fingers and toes and even the elbows. In geriatric patients, scabies demonstrates a propensity for
Scabies is an “ancient disease that has been around for nearly 2,500 years”. Many people struggle with this disease and the complications that follow. Scabies is caused by a “bacterial infection leading to the development of skin sores and other more serious complications”. “There are currently very few treatments available for this disease” as the article states. This article state that in Australia it “affects about 6 in 10 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children at any given time, more than six times the rate seen in the rest of the developed world”. The scabies infestation has a “negative impact of the life of the infected and has similar features of psoriasis”. The article state “It is hard to diagnose scabies in a clinical setting”,
The symptoms of psoriasis differ from type to type, although inflamed, scaly lesions are present in all five types. The most common form of the disease, plaque psoriasis, is identified by small bumps that begin to grow and become scaly. These lesions flake easily, but removing these patches can cause the tender skin below to bleed. In the Guttate type, small, individual, red drops form. This type does not have as much scaling as plaque psoriasis. The drops usually clear up on their own, but may also reappear as a different form of psoriasis, usually plaque. Inverse psoriasis usually occurs in places where the skin folds, such as the genitals, breasts, armpits or the backs of knees. This type will appear red, yet it will be smooth and dry. Also, no scaling will occur. Pustular psoriasis is a type that's significantly more rare. It is also more painful. In this type, blisters filled with non-infectious pus appear within a few hours and then dry up and peel within another two days. Severe medical risks exist for those who have this particular form of psoriasis, due to its side effects; exhaustion, anemia, weight loss, fever, chills, rapid pulse rate, severe itching and muscle weakness. Even less common than pustular psoriasis is erythrodermic psoriasis. This type is...