Hepatitis C (HCV) is defined as inflammation of the liver, caused by a virus. The liver, because of its diversity, can be locally diffuse throughout the liver or it can manifest systemically (Osborn, Wraa, Watson and Hollaeran, 2014). It can be acute or chronic, mild or life threatening, depending on the type and duration of the infection. HCV has an incubation period of 35 to 72 days and replicates at a very high rate, mutating readily, which does not allow the host’s immune system to keep up and destroy the virus (Osborn, et al, 2014). Hepatitis C (HCV) virus is the most prevalent blood-blood infection in the United States: with over 4 million persons chronically infected. More than 80% of those infected go on to develop chronic HCV infection leading to many increased risks such as; liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver failure, and related morbidities (O’Brien, 2013). Morbidity and mortality rates remain high due to the fact that 45% to 85% of infected patients remain unaware of their HCV infection because of the asymptomatic nature of this disease process. HCV has a very slow disease progression, which lends to its high mortality rate when diagnosis is found after the liver is already beyond repair (O’Brien, 2013).
HCV used to be associated with injecting drug use, however, more times than not the person acquired the virus from a source other than drug use. Among the many risk factors include but are not limited to the following; “has injected drugs at any time in their lives (including anabolic steroids) using shared equipment, even if it was only once or twice, had a blood transfusion before September 1991 or received any blood products before 1986, has received medical or dental treatment abroad (in...
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Liver Disease (Hepatitis) There are many different types of diseases that dental hygienist have to be aware of. It is important to know the basic information about the disease and how the disease affects the patient’s oral cavity as well as how to treat the patient. This paper will be addressing liver disease and more specifically, liver disease caused by hepatitis. “The term liver disease applies to many diseases and disorders that cause the liver to function improperly or stop functioning.” (U
Chronic viral hepatitis(CVH) is a chronic inflammatory reaction of the liver due to either hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis c (HCV) or hepatitis d (HDV) , occurring over more than 3 to 6 months. Chronic viral hepatitis is the main cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepato cellular cancer (Porth, p962). According to a media report on “the rising burden of chronic liver disease a high price to pay ";liver disease affects more than 6 million Australians and costs the government $50.7 annually
3.3.2.2. Hepatitis This is the inflammation of the liver. The hepatitis virus is a major cause of hepatitis in humans. However, the condition can be induced by various infections and medical conditions, such as excess intake of alcohol, medications, toxins, and autoimmune disease. There are five types of hepatitis virus which include: hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, hepatitis E. (“Hepatitis | NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,” 2015) 3.3.2.2.1. Causes
Hepatitis is the inflammation or swelling of the liver. The inflammation can happen from different injuries or viral forms of a disease. People who experience hepatitis have the symptoms of malaise, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fever and jaundice. There are six known forms of Hepatitis which are Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, Hepatitis E and Hepatitis G. The presence of hepatitis in the body can be very risky and cause severe death if not taken care of. Hepatitis is a
dictates patient outcome, these patterns of injury have important clinical implications. Acute versus chronic: Acute liver injury is a common clinical problem. In the most severe cases, acute injury results in overwhelming hepatocyte loss, a clinical condition known as acute liver failure. More frequently, however, acute injuries are self-limiting (assuming that the underlying pathophysiological process resolves) and thus generally do not result in long-term damage. By contrast, chronic liver injuries
Hepatitis Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver. Many illnesses and conditions can cause inflammation of the liver, for example, drugs, alcohol, chemicals, and autoimmune diseases. Many viruses, for example, the virus of Mononucleosis (Mono) and the Cytomegalovirus can inflame the liver. The effects that hepatitis has on the liver is very similar to the effects of alcohol causes, this virus is the leading cause of liver cancer and the common reason for liver transplants. Liver disease has
Hepatitis is a serious illness that most commonly affects adults over the age of 40 years old. It can occur in teenagers and children too, but this is generally more rare. Because it stems from a highly-contagious virus, it is crucial that all people who are at risk for contracting it, or who might already have it, read the following information about what the types of hepatitis are, what symptoms it causes, and how it can be prevented. Types of Hepatitis There are three basic types of hepatitis
A review of the records reveals the member to be an adult female with a birth date of 02/13/1959. The member has a diagnosis of Chronic Hepatitis C, genotype 1 B compensated Liver Disease. The member’s treating provider, Brett Neustater, MD recommended the member be treated with Harvoni 90/400 mg tablets one po qd X 12 weeks. The carrier has denied coverage of Harvoni 90/400 mg tablets one po qd X 12 weeks as not medically necessary. There is a letter from the carrier to the member dated 01/18/2016
hemophilia they are most likely missing a protein that help with the clotting process. UXL Science also states, “Hemophilia B is a less common type of genetic disease caused by a deficiency in another necessary protein, called factor IX” (5). Factor IX is also a clotting protein just like fibrin. Hemophilia B is also called Christmas disease because it was renamed after a patient who had the disorder, his name was Stephen Christmas. In almost every type of bleeding disorder, proteins are either deficient
is spiraling down a known path of illness, they may perceive uncertainty as a benefit. However, illness uncertainty causes breakdowns, fear of the illness, emotional distress, loss of control, and inappropriate coping methods (Mishel 1988). These conditions if left untreated will lead to patients that are unable to form cognitive structures for illness related events, develop improper psychological adjustments, poor decision-making, and traumatic stress responses (Mishel 1988). Along with her theory
a chronic physical health condition. Physical health status was assessed by asking respondents to note those conditions that a doctor or nurse had diagnosed them with. Table 3 shows full range of conditions that respondents were asked about their self-reported rates of illness for comparison purpose, these are displayed alongside national prevalence estimates for correctional populations developed by the National Commission on Correctional Health care. Asthma hepatitis infection
attaining diseases, being underage, and having a permanent mark on their body. The unsanitary conditions of getting a tattoo tend to go unnoticed by teenagers. The increase popularity in body art has also caused an increase in the incidences of Hepatitis, especially Hepatitis C. Hepatitis C is spread by contact with human blood. Since, the government regulation has not enforced hygiene requirements for tattoo parlors, disease such as Hepatitis C thrive in these environments. Another disease that can
Pathogens are a type of microorganism that spreads viral and bacterial diseases. These diseases when present in human blood and body fluids are known as blood borne pathogens, and can spread from one person to another. (Worcester polytechnic institute) The most serious types of blood borne diseases are the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), which can cause liver damage; and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), which is responsible for causing AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
enzyme or bilirubin in blood is referred to as the Liver Function test .LFTs is oftenly done in following situations including to screen the liver functions such as hepatitis etc , to identify the side effects of certain medications known to affecr the liver , to measure the degree of scarring on liver ,to diagnose lsome liver disease and others.LFTs include many of the tests but sometimes they don’t measure the overall function of liver .Most commonly used tests are alanine transaminase (ALT) , aspartate
Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by periportal inflammation, elevated immunoglobulins, autoantibodies, and a dramatic response to immunosuppression. Autoimmune hepatitis occurs when the body's immune system, which ordinarily attacks viruses, bacteria and other pathogens, instead targets the liver. This attack on your liver can lead to chronic inflammation and serious damage to liver cells. Just why the body turns against itself is unclear, but researchers think