NAME: fadzai mandiwawarira
REG NO. R145649c
COURSE: rural planning ,society and ecology
Course code rup 211
LECTURER: mr b dube
ASSIGNMENT TOPIC:
Discuss the claim that the grassroots approach to rural development will not work in Zimbabwe ‘s rural context
Due date 8 September
The grassroots approach to rural development is the involvement of the local people in the decision making process identifying their needs and deciding on the most effective solution with the appropriate technologies and sustainability. The grassroots approach
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Some may need new skills in order to participate fully in the planning process. The organization, on the other hand, may need to learn more about local culture, political issues, and community history in order to tailor the intervention to the community and avoid past errors. Education of either or both takes time and time may not be …show more content…
Awortwi (1999) concurs with the above statement by noting that the involvement of people at the community level at an early stage is likely to improve design, and by giving the community a voice, better quality decisions and program more closely tied to the local needs will result .(Stohr1981) This increases the effectiveness, efficiency, and equity in development. The broad aim of participatory development is to increase the socially and economically marginalized peoples in decision making over their lives. Guijt
...at small farms constitute 90 percent of the world’s farms and employment of 1.3 billion people. This dominates agriculture in developing countries because two-thirds of the 3 billion rural people in the world live off the income generated by farmers managing some 500 million small farms (Halberg & Müller, 2012, p.21). Additionally, there are benefits to land conservation for local communities that involves reduced environmental hazards, improvement of water quality from ground recharge, economic gains from agricultural production from exporting, and the natural settings that bring tourism generating the economy (McMahon & Urban, 2010 p.2). It is only through the awareness of this informational insight into the differences between community types and their transitions throughout time that the public can explore and discover economic incentives for rural communities.
McDonald, M., & Brown, K. (2000). Soil and water conservation projects and rural livelihoods: options for design and research to enhance adoption adaptation. Land Degradation and Development, Vol. 11 Number 4
Poverty is poverty, but is it really the same? Although there are more people living in poverty in dense, urban areas compared to those living in sparely, populated rural areas, there are significant differences. According to United States Department of Agriculture, poverty rates increase as counties become more rural ("Rural Poverty," 2013). When it comes to poverty there are too many issues to be examined. However, the disparity between education, employment, healthcare and family living circumstances are major contributing factors affecting rural poverty.
Identify ways that practicing social workers could assist rural populations in achieving their desired outcomes The social worker could as assist the rural population by introducing a community building concept. According to Smock (2004) community building focuses on strengthening the social and economic fabric of communities by connecting them to outside resources, the goal is to build the internal capacity of communities by focusing on their assets/strengths and engaging a broad range of community stakeholders to develop high-quality and technically sound comprehensive plans. Also, social worker could assist rural population to achieve their desired outcomes, by using the basic principle, strategies and skills of a consensus organizer such as: • Conducting a community analysis in identifying the strength, interest and resources of the community.
Chambers, Robert. Rural Development: Putting the Last First. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1993.
Mishra, Pulak, Behera, Bhagirath, and Nayak, Narayan Chandra. 2010. “A Development Delivery Institution for the Tribal Communities: Experience of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme in India.” Development Policy Review 28 (4): 457-479. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7679.2010.00492.x
Buell, R. (1987, March). Grassroots Development: A Question of Empowerment. Retrieved November 11, 2017, from Cultural $ Survival: https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/grassroots-development-question-empowerment
Design has established itself as core elements in societies helping countless communities build infrastructure, invent new ways to better living conditions and create design desirable for consumption hence bettering the economy. Though this is a positive, most designers of the 21st century use their skills and their designs alike for those who can afford it; designing for what’s in fact the minority, 10% of the world’s population. The reason why developmental aid and design for development is essential to improving standards of living for those who live in developing countries, but to also bridge the gap between the rich and the poor. Ilse Oosterlaken (2009, p.100) equates most designs for development that use a `participatory' process as having a limited, user-centred approach; and suggests instead a more universal design approach, which she calls ‘capability sensitive design’. This essay will illustrate designs that have contributed to developmental design through capability sensitive design approach, considering sustainable design that are not only better the environment, community health and social welfare but the country’s economic standing. Through evaluating each example’s potential for real, sufficient, diverse and lasting value for the targeted users we can determine each design’s efficiency.
Most rural poor never have the options that we in Western countries take for granted. These people almost never have a choice to go to college or become a doctor, factory worker, or secretary. They must live off the land that surrounds them and make use of whatever resources they can find. Their poverty costs the entire world through the loss of the tropical rainforests and wildlife. Without providing for these people rainforests cannot be saved.
The second suggestion of setting better criteria for determining which institutions should be included in the study has also been incorporated when setting criteria. It has yet to be determined whether stand alone rural institutions, rural institutions associated with urban centers, or a combination of the two will yield the best results. At this point in time, this student is leaning towards the combination.
...earch and extension, rural infrastructure, and market access for small farmers. Rural investments have been sorely neglected in recent decades, and now is the time to reverse this trend. Farmers in many developing countries are operating in an environment of inadequate infrastructure like roads, electricity, and communications; poor soils; lack of storage and processing capacity; and little or no access to agricultural technologies that could increase their profits and improve their livelihoods. Recent unrest over food prices in a number of countries may tempt policymakers to put the interests of urban consumers over those of rural people, including farmers, but this approach would be shortsighted and counterproductive. Given the scale of investment needed, aid donors should also expand development assistance to agriculture, rural services, and science and technology.
Where a child grows up and which high school they attend greatly affects further education and employment. Higher education, including college and vocational schooling, factors into employment opportunity. Research has shown that schools in rural areas have far less resources for students interested in attending college, providing less opportunity for students pursuing higher education. Wilsonville High School, located the city of Wilsonville just south of Portland, Oregon, represents a typical urban high school in an upper-middleclass city. In contrast, Cottage Grove High School, located in the small rural town of Cottage Grove, southwest of Eugene, Oregon supports a much lower income community. Both schools differ greatly in regard to variables such as average income, test scores, availability of advanced and technical classes, architectural and technological resources, minority education, local junior college participation, and funding. The cities of Wilsonville and Cottage Grove also differ greatly in the lifestyles most citizens enjoy: Wilsonville supports a highly technological community, home to corporate offices of Xerox, Nike, Mentor Graphics, and Hollywood Entertainment, while Cottage Grove’s largest employers include Weyerhaeuser Company (the Northwest’s largest lumber supplier) and other lumber corporations, as well as industrial manufacturers such as Wright Machine Corporation. The two high schools present a tradeoff between providing educational opportunities for students in lower income, rural communities and the actual demand for higher education in an industrial and agricultural community.
"Home - Rural Poverty Portal." Rural Poverty Portal. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2014. .
Due to rural-urban migration, there has been increasing levels of poverty and depopulation in rural areas. This is one of the reasons why the government has seen it as necessary and made it a priority to improve the lives of the people who live in rural areas. Rural development is about enabling people in the rural areas take charge of their destiny. This is through the use and management of the natural resources they are exposed to. This is a process through which people learn over time and they use this knowledge to adapt to the changing world. The purpose of rural development is to improve the lives of people living in the rural areas.
Participation can be seen as “the inclusion of a diverse range of stakeholder contributions in an on-going community development process, from identification of problem areas, to the development, implementation and management of strategic planning” (Schafft and Greenwood, 2003, p. 19).