Abstract The use of polypropylene fibre and partially replacement of fly ash with cement is carried out. While using the polypropylene fibre, the concrete will possess high strength when compare to conventional concrete. By utilization of polypropylene fibre in concrete not only provides optimum utilization of materials but also the reduce the cost of construction. The main purpose of this investigation is to study the effects of polypropylene fibre on the mechanical properties of concrete. The concrete mix adopted is M25 grade with varying percentage of fibres. The specimens are casted without fibres and with fibres of 0%, 1.0%, 1.5 % and 2.0%. The specimens are tested for 7 days, 14 days and 28 days strength. Tests are …show more content…
To overcome these deficiencies, additional materials are mixed to improve the performance of concrete. In the reinforced concrete the Concrete has better resistance in compression while steel has more resistance in tension. Addition of fibres improves the post peak ductility performance, pre-crack tensile strength, fracture strength, toughness, impact resistance, flexural Strength resistance, fatigue performance etc. The ductility of fibre reinforced concrete depends on the ability of the fibres to bridge cracks at high levels of strain. Addition of polypropylene fibres decreases the unit weight of concrete and increases its …show more content…
BRIDGING ACTION Pullout resistance of polypropylene fibres dowel action is important for efficiency. Pullout strength of polypropylene fibres significantly improves the post-cracking tensile strength of concrete. specimen with greater ultimate tensile strength , larger toughness and better energy absorption. An important benefit of this fibre behaviour is material damage tolerance. In this fig Bridging action of polypropylene fibres is shown. Figure 1.1 Bridging Action of Polypropylene Fibre
V. APPLICATIONS OF PFRC
Polypropylene fibers are versatile and widely used in many industrial applications such as ropes, furnishing products, packaging materials etc. They are also used in packaging, labeling, carpets, textile, apparel markets, stationery, plastic parts, laboratory equipment, automotive components,and loud speakers,
Polypropylene Fiber reinforced Concrete are used in roads and pavements, drive ways, Overlays and toppings, ground supported slabs, Machine foundations, off shore structures, tanks and pools etc.
VI. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME The experimental works are carried out the casting and testing of conventional reinforced concrete specimens and polypropylene fibre reinforced concrete
The plastic obtained from polyethylene can be pressed into varying shapes, ranging from the simplest to the most complicated. The ethylene market is indirectly driven by the increased polyethylene consumption for the production of several plastic components. In 2011, the global propylene market is valued at more than $ 90 billion and significant growth is anticipated in the coming years. Acrylic fibers and coatings, PVC plasticizers and coatings, polyurethane resins, epoxy resins and propylene polymers are applied on polycarbonates and solvents, that are used in the production of propylene. The automotive industry is the biggest end-user of polypropylene. The enormous expansion of ethylene and propylene production will contribute to the growth of the ethylene and propylene market, along with the rising demand for downstream products from India, China, and the Middle East. Tight environmental regulations, fluctuations in raw material prices and political uncertainties in crude oil producing regions are the main factors limiting the ethylene and propylene market [9].
Polyethylene (PE) is one of the most commonly used polymers which can be identified into two plastic identification codes: 2 for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and 4 for low density polyethylene (LDPE). Polyethylene is sometimes called polyethene or polythene and is produced by an addition polymerisation reaction. The chemical formula for polyethylene is –(CH2-CH2)n– for both HDPE and LDPE. The formation of the polyethylene chain is created with the monomer ethylene (CH2=CH2).
ABSTRACT: This article is a portion of a comprehensive study on carbon fibre reinforced plastics. The thermal behaviour and dynamic and tensile mechanical properties of polypropylene carbon fibres composites are discussed. Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic is similar to fibre glass which is woven into a textile material and resin such as epoxy resin is applied and allowed to cure. The resulting material is very strong and has the best strength to weight ratio of all construction materials. It is an improvement on glass fibre-reinforced plastic, although much more expensive. Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers tend to be used in the manufacture of expensive sports cars, where strong and light materials are required. Expensive, competition bicycles
Kailas, Prof. Satish V. Material Science. Indian Institute of Science, Chapter 11. Applications and Processing of Polymers.
Throughout the construction industry, technology plays a role to help ease the completion of a project to all of the parties involved. The amount of technology application in the industry supports the belief that technology has a positive impact on project productivity. One of the main materials used in the construction industry that surrounds us every day, in which we overlook, is concrete. Concrete is an art form, in which it takes time and talent in order for it to be used efficiently, to produce its high strength and longevity. However, the downfall of this material is that it is extremely costly and nearly impossible to form it to an aesthetically pleasing surface. In spite of this, what if I told you that there is hope? That the dream of a material made of concrete, producing the same qualities, can be formed to any shape, and used anywhere was a reality.
Man-made polymers are generally called ‘resins’ and can be classified under two types; thermoplastic and thermoset, according to the effect of heat on their properties. Thermoplastic materials contain polymer molecules that are held together by weak van der Waals forces or hydrogen bonds [3]. Thermoplastics soften when heated and will eventually melt but they can be hardened again by cooling the material. This process of heating and cooling can be performed many times without having an effect on the material properties and this can be desirable for certain applications. Some types of thermoplastics include ABS, nylon and polypropylene and the main type of dispersed phase used in the creation of composites using thermoplastics is short fibres such as glass [4].
Polyurethanes are used for the manufacturing of non-flexible, high-resilience foam seating; microcellular foam seals and gaskets; durable elastomeric wheels and tires ; automotive suspension bushings; rigid foam insulation panels; electrical potting compounds; high performance adhesives; surface coatings and surface sealants; synthetic fiber carpet underlay; hard-plastic parts; condoms; and
[20] BS Part 116: 1983. Testing Concrete and determination of compressive strength. British Standards Institution ;
Polyethylene is a polymer that is made of a long chain of CH2 monomers bonded together. It is one of the most commonly used polymers in everyday items. Grocery bags, soap bottles, children’s toys, and even bullet proof vests are all made from polyethylene.2 This polymer is very versatile and can be used in many materials but this all depends on the way that the polymer is chemically made or enhanced. There are many different types of polyethylene classified by density and branching. 2
It is used in aerospace engineering, automotive engineering, civil engineering, and sporting goods. Aerospace engineering utilizes CFPR for the strength and lightweight properties. The Airbus A350 XWB has the highest weight ratio for CFRP at 52%. This includes wing spars and fuselage components. This is one of the first commercial aircrafts to have a structural composite components, the utilization of CFRP has helped optimize aerodynamic efficiency. Using CFRP is a fairly new transition from metallic
In this report, we will introduce and illustrate on precast concrete, pre-stressed concrete, ready-mix concrete, reinforced concrete, terrazzo and Urbanite in details.
These synthetic polymers can be produced in a wide variety, such as common plastics, nylons, or the surface of a non-stick frying pan. These man made polymers have a disadvantageous impact on the ecosystems. Polymers are often used in almost everything because of their physical properties like strong, resistant to corrosion, easy to shape, colour, and inexpensive. It is inexpensive for the users but leaves a huge scar to the environment that is very expensive to cover up. Petroleum is the main raw source of these polymers.
Polymers are made from relatively small molecular fragments known as monomers that are joined together. Synthetic polymers which include the large group known as plastics are divided into three groups: commodity thermoplastic, engineering thermoplastics (ETP), and advanced engineering thermoplastics (AETP). The engineering thermoplastics (ETP) have heat resistance, strong mechanical properties, lightness, self-lubrication, and easy manufacturing. This plastic category has been lately used to replace wood and metal applications.
Specific grades developed for medical industry like biocompatibility, sterilization, excellent chemical resistance, usability, EMI-EMC etc. puts forth various options of polymers for selection as per their design intent. The medical polymers market comprises resins and fibers, elastomers and biodegradable plastics that are used in various healthcare applications such as equipment and devices, packaging and tissue engineering. Polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene are the commonly used fibers and resins in the medical industry. Thermoplastic elastomers and rubber latex make up the elastomers segment of the medical polymers market. Biodegradable plastics such as PLA and PEEK are increasingly being used due to stringent regulations by authorities such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Sustainable concrete materials and sustainable steel reinforcement have been introduced to civil engineers to get closer to the sustainable development. Sustainable buildings constructed with use of these materials have shown an increased service life and the final cost has been reduced due to them.