The topics before the First Committee are: Relationship between Disarmament and Development, Measures to prevent Terrorists from acquiring Weapons of Mass Destruction, Prevention of arms Race in Outer Space. Mongolia is dedicated to collaborative multilateral approaches to ensuring the world’s peace. I. Relationship between Disarmament and Development According to a press released text, UNITED STATES CALLED ON TO REDUCE NON-STRATEGIC NUCLEAR WEAPONS BY DRAFT TEXT APPROVED IN DISARMAMENT COMMITTEE, it is expressed in the text that the Committee has approved a draft resolution recognizing the nuclear-weapon-free status of Mongolia, this status could bring stability and welcome the efforts made by Member States to cooperate with Mongolia in implementing the resolution of its fifty-fifth session, as well as the progress made in consolidating Mongolia’s international security. According to the Australian government, Mongolia's development has been in a disadvantage by its bad weather, lack of infrastructure, landlocked position, extreme climate, and an unreliable environment laws. The country is transitioning from a Soviet satellite to a free-market democracy. According to them, Australian companies are interested in helping Mongolia to develop, by supporting them in their resources sector. In October 2009, the Mongolian Government signed a US$6 billi... ... middle of paper ... ...arms race not limiting space access, but preventing limitations. Every year in the UN general assembly a resolution is introduced and adopted by the UN member states, every country votes in favor of negotiating a treaty on PAROS prevention of arms race in outer space, if the exception of USA and Israel. The text implies that a general agreement has developed that arms race in outer space should be prevented. However, due to the structures of the international legal regime and to the objection of a few states, a treaty has not been negotiated yet. According to the text, even though the legal instruments concerning outer space prohibit and restrict the deployment of weapons, use of force and military activity in some part of the space, the provisions contained there are still limited or inadequate, according to some states, for preventing weaponization of outer space.
Mingst, K. A. (2011). Essentials of international relations. (5th ed., p. 79). New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.
Glynn, Patrick. Closing Pandora's Box "Arms Races, Arms Control, and the History of the Cold War". New York: HarperCollinsPublishers, Inc. 1992.
On June 28, 2010, President Barack Obama revealed the nation’s National Space Policy. The new policy was vastly different than the previous administration’s policy. Areas of concern addressed in the 2010 policy included future direction for NASA missions, increased cooperation between nations, commercial and civilian use of space, and space as a contested environment. One of the biggest differences between President Obama’s policy and the policy of past administrations was the stance on weapons and conflict in space. No longer is the United States in a space race with the Soviet Union. Space is now a congested, contested arena where over 60 nations currently operate. This research paper will analyze the 2010 National Space Policy and identify the implications it has on space warfare.
Space is also governed by rules and laws much like we do on land and sea. “Treaty on Principles Governming the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies,” or commonly referred to as the Outer Space Treaty was signed in 1966 by many nations, including the Unites States, and is the basis for most international space laws and policies. Some key points to take away from this treaty in relation to the space weapons debate are the following: “(1) outer space is open to all nations to explore and use; (2) nations cannot own any portion of outer space; (3) outer space will be used for peaceful purposes; (4) nations cannot place, put in orbit, or station any weapons of mass destruction in any form in outer space.” (UNOOSA) These principles and laws are also mostly reflected in our nation’s space policy, and our national security space strategy.
Scott D. Sagan, the author of chapter two of “More Will Be Worse”, looks back on the deep political hostilities, numerous crises, and a prolonged arms race in of the cold war, and questions “Why should we expect that the experience of future nuclear powers will be any different?” The author talks about counter arguments among scholars on the subject that the world is better off without nuclear weapons. In this chapter a scholar named Kenneth Waltz argues that “The further spread of nuclear weapons may well be a stabilizing factor in international relations.” He believes that the spread of nuclear weapons will have a positive implications in which the likely-hood of war decreases and deterrent and defensive capabilities increase. Although there
The space race had begun after the Soviets had successfully launched the first artificial satellite that could orbit the earth. The announcement of Sputnik’s success was a shock to the United States, which began what was known as the “Sputnik crisis”. This was conceived as a major threat. If the soviets could design a rocket that could reach space, what could stop them from using that same rocket to deliver a warhead anywhere in the world? Within less than a year later, Congressed passed the National Defense Education Act (NDEA) which was a program tha...
The arrival of nuclear weapons transformed the international playing field permanently and new threats such as non-state actors have immerged as a result. Initially, only superpowers with nuclear arsenals had a global role as was evident during the Cold War between the U.S. and Soviet Union, but nuclear proliferation triggered a race to possess this power in the last 60 years.
As the cold war had brought upon a lot of conflict, it had also had the struggle of the economy from the remnants of the Second World War and the 70’s that had really brought the entire situation down. In the beginning of the nuclear arms race, it was commonly believed that nuclear weapons provided more benefits than the cost was so they justified their somewhat frivolous spending. While the greater explosive power of nuclear weapons may cause them to be cheaper per kiloton, as wholesale of a particular item does in today’s world, this statement proves to be untrue for the arms race and it even hides the actual economic costs of the nuclear weapons. Economic pressure had already been with the United States from the previous years that had left a negative impact before the beginning of the nuclear arms race, and all the millions, billions, and even trillions spent on acc...
Mingst, K. (2011). Essentials of international relations. (5th ed., p. 70-1). New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company
The Space Race is remarkably similar to that of the arms race because of the parallel between the creation of the atomic bomb and the goal of reaching the moon. The United States’ bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki effectively established its place as the technologically superior nation; however, major milestones in space achieved early by the Soviets damaged America’s reputation. In 1957, Soviet scientists shocked the world by successfully launching the Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, beyond the Kármán Line (the boundary of space). This amazing breakthrough “rattled American self-confidence. It cast doubts on America’s vaunted scientific superiority and raised some sobering military questions.” This blow to national pride along with the fear that the Soviets could potentially launch ICBMs from space led to “Rocket fever”. The sudden wave of nationalism and the desire to build a space program worthier to that of the Soviet Union led to the...
The United States and the USSR emerged as super powers after WW11. The two countries were now the two most powerful nations on earth, but they had severe differences in policies and this led to a standoff between the two countries, a standoff which came to be known as the Cold War. At first the countries engaged in ArmsRace supremacy. Each nation wanted to create the most powerful bomb.A few years after another race began. It was a race for control of the outer space. This became known as the Space Race a period which lasted from 1957 to1975. The Space Race became a symbol of the political contest between two enemy world powers. For years the two super powers devised and plotted means and ways to get ahead of each other. Finally in October 1957, the USSR launched Sputnik into space. Thus began years of rivalry for control of outer space called the Space Race. This paper seeks to answer the question of which country won the Space Race.
Roskin, M., & Berry, N. (2010). IR: The new world of international relations: 2010 edition (8th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Longman/Pearson Education.
After World War II, the capitalist U.S. and the communist U.S.S.R. developed a long period of tension and rivalry, commonly referred to as “The Cold War.” In our history class we learned that this rivalry led to a competition in space between the two superpowers to prove which one had the best economic system, military, science, and technology. This competition became known as “The Space Race.”
It is within man’s blood and nature to explore, and space is our next New World. Man’s first achievement in space travel was the launch of the Sputnik on October 4, 1957. For the next decades, space travel was roaring like a rocket, fueled by man’s desire to explore, man’s desire for knowledge, and man’s desire to beat his enemies. However, these impulses have died out as the well of government funding has been diverted to wars and debts, and the interest of the American people has been diverted to wars and debts. Amidst all these issues it is debated as to whether or not space travel is worth the money and the attention of scientists, particularly since humanity faces so many issues on earth currently. However, because of the past inventions, current services, and future benefits, space travel is indeed worth the money and attention of governments and people. It is within our hands to control man’s advancement, and space travel is the next venue to do so.
Ever since the end of World War II there has been a worldwide arms race that is and will truly be never ending. This race has affected more than just countries’ militaries, but their economies and foreign relations also. Military spending has increased drastically in almost every country since the start. Numerous amounts of treaties and pacts have been created in order to try and limit conflict. The current arms race typically involves nuclear weapons and much more advanced military technology. This is a big problem because countries themselves are trying to become the most dominant powerhouse but all that has done is create more weapons and force more countries to join the race. I am going to assess exactly how the arms race has affected countries