The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has recently circulated the Diplomatic Code of Conduct for diplomat, and it will mainly affect the Kathmandu-based diplomats if it is at all implemented. However, if experience is any guide, the code will be observed more in its breach than in its respect.
Evidently, the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961, implemented from 1964, regulates diplomatic conduct across nations. Before this, the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and the Convention regarding Diplomatic Officers of 1928 singed in Havana had offered the ground rules for diplomatic conduct. Consular staff who carry out support functions are covered by the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations 1964 that offers fewer immunities and privileges.
Diplomats frequently received bad treatment from the host country until the British parliament accorded diplomatic immunities to foreign ambassadors in 1709, after the Russian envoy was treated badly in London. Later other European countries also offered similar protections to diplomats. Such protections survived World War I and II, although they have been breached in many instances.
In old times, envoys were very senior persons on a visit to foreign capitals with a political message from their sovereign and used to have the opportunity to convey the message directly to their master’s counterpart. They came with a small staff and were in foreign capitals for a few days. With the rise of global commerce and permanent diplomatic missions, that has changed. Several levels of diplomatic staff in large numbers are posted in diplomatic missions to handle different aspects of relations rendering management of diplomatic relations infinitely more complex.
The Vienna Convention has been ...
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...istry officials knowing about it.
The latest code of conduct should not face the fate of its predecessors, because there a genuine reason to coordinate foreign policy position. Nepal faces a very sensitive geopolitical situation in its neighborhood and it can serve its interests best by deploying smart foreign policy and diplomacy, which should not be used as a tool for promoting private gains of individual leaders at the cost of the nation.
Hopefully, this time the code will prove more than an empty accomplishment in paper of the outgoing government. It will be well if Nepali political and bureaucratic leaders show more seriousness this time and do not turn the code into a non-code of conduct, as they have done in the past. Nepal’s geopolitical sensitivity and vulnerability requires seriousness in the management of its foreign relations and diplomacy.
...nure there are individuals who cultivate a positive change in the lives of the people in Sarkhan and Southeast Asia. These individuals are able to win friends for America and improve the living conditions of those who desperately need it. Unfortunately, Ambassador MacWhite failed to do the same. The full responsibility for the failure of his mission in Sarkan falls on MacWhite. Although dedicated, he was unprepared for the realities of Southeast Asia. Among all the mistakes he made, in each one he failed to start with the smaller things. He was reminded throughout his tenure both by the examples of individuals making a difference and direct suggestion from respected officials. Had he established a feeling of genuine concern for the population and a set of principles to combat the problems in Sarkhan, he may have succeeded in shaping foreign policy in the region.
...ti-Bribery Act of 1998 Amends the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Implements the OECD Convention Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials." Simpson Thatcher (1998): 1-16. Document. 2014 February 5. .
Mingst, K. A. (2011). Essentials of international relations. (5th ed., p. 78). New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.
“Not again,” an article published by Arundhati Roy in the British newspaper, The Guardian, is a scathing denunciation of the United States and its current expansionism. Though Roy certainly is not representative of Indian public opinion on the United States war on Iraq—or on any subject for that matter—her article does manage to bring up several issues that are of importance to India as a developing country. Through her primary message of denouncing U.S. foreign policy, Roy also addresses two issues that are central to India today: the potential nuclear conflict with
The United Nations emerged out the ruin of World War II. However, the original concept has its roots in ancient China and Rome. Researchers dutifully identified the structures of international orga¬nization in early leagues and assemblies such as the Amphicytonic councils in Greek city-states plus the Phocian, Akarnian, and Boetian leagues. In addition, the four¬teenth century Lycian and Achaean leagues promised its members more practical measures centered on trade and commerce. These councils or leagues were designed to avert the fears of powerful nations and encourage co-operation among the lesser states. This practice of encouraging trade between two countries was known as bilateral diplomacy or old diplomacy. However, it was not until
4. “Convention Revising the General Act of Berlin, February 26,1885, and the General Act and Declaration of Brussels, July 2,1890.” American Journal of International Law. 1921, 15(4), 314-321.
Mingst, K. (2011). Essentials of international relations. (5th ed., p. 70). New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.
It is also important to note that the traditional view of ‘Diplomatic’ immunities under international law were never intended to cover tens of thousands of ‘representatives/employees’ in a single deployment but were meant to cover persons in significant positions of authority. However the practical interpretation of such immunities has led to them being applied to several types of officials which again, leaves scope for abuse.
The ethical conduct that I think of in the organization of Slater and Gordon (“ S&G’) what the Code of Conduct would be is that it outlines behaviours for all S&G employees. Slater will conduct its business fairly, impartially, in an ethical and proper manner, that will comply with all applicable laws and regulations, and consistent with the S&G values.
Ripeness and readiness are good theory’s to explain why conflicts ends. They both show how multiple factors come into play to end a conflict. “Ripeness is not sudden, but rather a complex process of transformations in the situation, shifts in public attitudes and new perceptions and visions among decision-makers” (Rambotham, 2011: 180). The Oslo negotiations and the peace process are good examples of the readiness theory and its ease explaining the resolution of these conflicts. The Cambodian conflict poses more difficulty being explained through ripeness. When conflicts are multilateral poses a challenge to readiness theory. Adapting readiness theory
The criteria concerning the legal personality of an international organization: the communion between countries that are permanent, with the appropriate destination or contrary contrary to the applicable law, apply, and comes equipped with Organs organ. Separation or distinction in the legal authority nor the intent and purpose of international organizations is itself on the one hand by its member states. Rule of law can be implemented by the international organization itself, not just in relation to the national legal systems of one or more countries, but also at the international
International law has generally been accepted and respected by the States to be the fundamental element in ensuring peace and diplomacy when dealing with matters concerning international relations. It should be noted that, within international law, there are various subjects who are considered to have international legal personality, to wit: States, international organizations, dependent territories, belligerent groups, multinational enterprises, non-governmental organizations, and individuals (Walter, 2007). However, the rights and obligations of these referenced subjects were considered and developed as international law itself evolved. More specifically, the international rights, duties, and obligations of individuals as subjects of international law were not effectively established until after the 20th century.
Diplomacy in international relations had developed starting from the ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Roman worlds especially through the envoys. While for the modern diplomacy could be trace to medieval and early modern Europe in 14th to 16th centuries. Throughout the centuries, the states started to engage with one another based on variety of aspects. For example, diplomacy engages in the political, geographical, economical, religious, and strategic aspects.
Every nation considers its own interest, and it is a natural phenomenon that no one could blame. The declaration they made contains endless connotations, and that’s why we should be careful when we accept it. The point is, the country made an official speech to introduce their ultimate goal. And we regard it as an attempt of connection. As if each language differently express the same sound, the common sentence can be understood various way. These gap sometime lead to serious conflict between nations, however, we could separate this issue from the concept of the diplomacy. It’s because the first definition of diplomacy should be the important bridge among the countries, and effort to communicate one another. It must be a start point of every interaction of
However, because they have to preserve their cover by pursuing work that is normally important in its own right, their time and resources remaining for diplomatic activity are limited. Furthermore, while the staff of some trade missions gained partial immunities after 1945, it seems unlikely that - with some important exceptions - many front missions enjoy anything like full diplomatic, or even consular, immunities. This means that their staff must be unusually circumspect in their activities. Their access to local officials is also likely to be restricted and might have to be conducted through