Digital Rights Mischief
Imagine a world where media is kept privately. A world in which the books you read and the music you listen to is as protected as your social security number – maybe even more so. What if someone asked to borrow your laptop, the very place you kept your media? “This put Dan in a dilemma. He had to help her – but if he lent her his computer, she might read his books. Aside from the fact that you could go to prison for many years for letting someone else read your books, the very idea shocked him at first. Like everyone, he had been taught since elementary school that sharing books was nasty and wrong – something that only pirates would do.” Thus begins a short story by Richard Stallman, who paints a very bleak future of the technologies we have today. Yet the gradual way this society became so controlled begins with a single step. That step is digital rights management. Digital rights management, DRM, and Trusted Computing, TC, infringe upon consumers’ rights and should be met with public boycott.
DRM and TC limit rights by controlling digital media. In order to control content, DRM and TC use a computer identification system to verify a user’s right to use media. The Electronic Privacy Information Center defines DRM as systems that “restrict the use of digital files in order to protect the interests of copyright holders.” DRM systems can control many aspects of the usability of a particular file. They can limit portability, the ability to share or print a file. They can control access, the ability to read, write, or save a file. DRM systems commonly use one of two methods to achieve control. Encryption protects files from outside sources, giving only authorized software access to a file. This authorized software will then follow the policies set forth by the DRM system. The other method, marking, is a way of telling software to treat the file as protected. This works best in proprietary systems where only a few applications can read a particular file. Both methods then enforce rules that the DRM system applies to the file. Generally these include determining the identity of the computer trying to access the file, often using a unique numbering scheme.
Unlike most “victimized” cultures of Western European domination, the Ottoman Empire was considerably successful and powerful for many years, particularly in the sixteenth and early seventeenth century under the rule of Sulayman the Magnificent (Haberman, 132). By 1520, the Ottoman Empire had secured much of the Arab Middle East, Belgrade and most of Hungary (Haberman, 132...
1. The three main factors that resulted in the Ottoman expansion of the 14th century were rooted in geopolitics, military technology a nd strategy, and political strategy. The Ottoman capital and center of economics (post-1453) was located at Istanbul, which was not only the geographical “gateway” to Europe, but also connected Asia and Europe, which made Istanbul an extremely important area for commerce and merchants travelling from one continent to the other. Even after the Ottoman takeover of the Byzantines, they were able to expand even more partly due to the capitol and funds gained through commerce in Istanbul. The Ottomans also created an army that was aided by new technologies such as firearms as well as horses, which helped them expand exponentially through the Middle East. The balance within their military, with the Calvary coupled with armed Janissaries, furthered their military might. Lastly, the political strategy of Osman and his heirs helped to further Ottoman goals including expansion.
The Ottoman Empire was an empire known for many developments. Founded in July of 1299, the empire lasted until 1923, over six hundred years (“Ottoman Empire”). Throughout these six hundred years of history, came the developments of: one of the first known examples of a watch, used to measure time in minutes, created by Meshur Sheyh Ded in 1702; the telegraph which was personally tested by Sultan Abdulmecid in 1847; and the production of pottery, silk and rugs, jewelry, arms and armor, and the well-known mosque made of the greatest contribution from the Ottoman Empire to the world of art (“Ottoman Empire”). One of the most distintive aspects of the empire was it’s state organization, religious traditions, and how the two affected each other from the development until the decline of the empire.
The Ottoman Empire were Muslims and included Hungary, Syria, Egypt, Bulgaria, and Albania, and they marched on land. The Ottoman Empire is said to have first appeared somewhere around the 1300’s, and can be related to the decline of the Byzantine Empire. They began conquering Christian lands and by the late 1600’s all Christians were afraid of the “terrible Turk”. It is no wonder that many other people were afraid of the Ottoman Empire since they seem to be really rather powerful and they conquered a lot of land. It was in the 1330’s when the Morroccan Abu Abdallah Ibn Battuta passed through Constantinople and became impressed with the Ottomans who seemed to be gaining power rather quickly, he noticed that they had close to 100 forts and
Prior to the 1900’s, the Ottoman Empire was a major country in Europe, with a vast sense of power that could be seen by all, however as the 1900’s got closer, the Ottoman Empire went into decline and would ultimately lead to their collapse. The Ottoman empire prior to their decline had a huge stake in European Society, due to the fact that they were located at a major trading area that every country in Europe wanted. The ability of having a major geographically advantage lead to the Ottoman having one of the biggest stake in European trade. The Ottoman Empire was a long lasting nation that helped develop European both socially and economically through its lifetime(Quataert Donald Vol 34), making a distinct cultural society that were adapted by almost every country within Europe.
Clow, Kate. "Ottoman Empire." Encyclopedia of Modern Asia. Ed. Karen Christensen and David Levinson. Vol. 4. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2002. 398-401. World History in Context. Web. 30 Apr. 2014.
The growth of the empire was also quite different. The Ottomans experienced growth through further conquest of the Asia Minor, Constantinople, Eu...
The Ottoman Empire was one of the most powerful empires in history, spanning from the 13th century in Northwestern Anatolia, to the late 19th century having reached Europe, Africa, and Asia respectively. As the rest of the world advanced and modernized, though, the Ottoman Empire struggled to maintain power and territory, and it began to implement a series of reforms to try to keep up with the likes of Europe. This is where we eventually see the once-prosperous empire struggle against the rest of the modern world, which eventually led to its downfall.
The Ottoman empire originated in about 1300AD by a man named Osman I, a nomadic Turkish chief. His name is where the term Ottoman is derived from. Osman I, also called Osman Gazi was born in 1258 in a town named Sogut, his father's name was Ertugrul Gazi and his mother's name was Hayme Sultan. Osman I was said to be, tall with a dark complexion, hazel eyes, and a round face, with thick eyebrows as well as largely built, mostly on his upper portion. Although known for his great wars against the Byzantines, Osman I was said to have been a fair Sultan because he would give food and clothing to the poor. Osman I's death is not certain, however it was sometime between 1324 or 1326AD and traditionally it is said that Osman I
A Worldwide Problem Software piracy is defined as the illegal copying of software for commercial or personal gain. Software companies have tried many methods to prevent piracy, with varying degrees of success. Several agencies like the Software Publishers Association and the Business Software Alliance have been formed to combat both worldwide and domestic piracy. Software piracy is an unresolved, worldwide problem, costing millions of dollars in lost revenue. Software companies have used many different copy protection schemes. The most annoying form of copy protection is the use of a key disk. This type of copy protection requires the user to insert the original disk every time the program is run. It can be quite difficult to keep up with disks that are years old. The most common technique of copy protection requires the user to look up a word or phrase in the program's manual. This method is less annoying than other forms of copy protection, but it can be a nuisance having to locate the manual every time. Software pirates usually have no trouble "cracking" the program, which permanently removes the copy protection. After the invention of CD-ROM, which until lately was uncopyable, most software companies stopped placing copy protection in their programs. Instead, the companies are trying new methods of disc impression. 3M recently developed a new technology of disc impression which allows companies to imprint an image on the read side of a CD-ROM. This technology would not prevent pirates from copying the CD, but it would make a "bootleg" copy differ from the original and make the copy traceable by law enforcement officials (Estes 89). Sometimes, when a person uses a pirated program, there is a "virus" attached to the program. Viruses are self-replicating programs that, when activated, can damage a computer. These viruses are most commonly found on pirated computer games, placed there by some malignant computer programmer. In his January 1993 article, Chris O' Malley points out that if piracy was wiped out viruses would eventually disappear (O' Malley 60). There are ways that a thrifty consumer can save money on software without resorting to piracy. Computer companies often offer discounts on new software if a person has previously purchased an earlier version of the software. Competition between companies also drives prices low and keeps the number of pirated copies down (Morgan 45). People eventually tire or outgrow their software and decide to sell it.
Copyright, in its first form, was first introduced in 1710 with a British statute of Anne. Since this time copyright laws have changed to remain current, and have grown into an international agreement by many countries around the globe.
The United States of America is a free country, then why shouldn’t the internet be free? Why should we have restrictions placed on what we can and cannot do on the internet? Every day, millions of users share files on the internet through numerous online sources. Whether they download music, movies, or software, online file-sharing can give people access to a plentiful amount of information. These files are often free and easily accessible by anyone. The practice of distributing or providing access to digitally stored information represents file sharing (Peer-to-Peer File-Sharing and Copyright Infringement: Are You Vulnerable?). Conversely many people see file sharing as unlawful. The reproduction or distribution of any copyrighted digital media or information defines internet piracy. Many people see downloading copyright files such as music, movies, books, and software as illegal. Music files, some of the first types of files to be reproduced and distributed through internet sources, contain the file extension .mp3. Several popular file sharing programs were developed in the 1990s and facilitated internet piracy. Big industries try to combat file sharing to help increase their revenue, however internet piracy actually increases revenue of industries and has numerous other benefits (What Is Internet Piracy?). The copy and distribution of digital files increased due to technology (Torr). Internet piracy, considered a problem all over the world, stands as difficult to stop along with other kinds of piracy (What Is Internet Piracy?). Anything can be digitalized and once something becomes digitalized it will be shared all over the internet (Torr). Canadian and European laws allow for the downloading of copyright files for personal us...
Though, the use of superlatives is often incorporated with regards to understanding and defining many geopolitical structures that have existed since the dawn of tim. It is not an exaggeration to state that the Ottoman Empire was one of the longest lived, richest, and most successful empires that the world has ever seen. Beginning in 1299 and lasting up until the establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1922, the 623 year span of time in nearly continual power that this Empire was able to exercise was unmatched at that time; either within Europe or elsewhere in the World. The key to this great wealth and power was due to the fact that the Ottoman Empire existed upon the nexus of trade between Asia and Europe. Occupying this important chokepoint, the Ottomans were able to derive a great deal of riches based upon control and management of the trade that flowed between that of the East and West.
The Ottoman Empire had humble roots. Beginning as an Ottoman state, it progressively rose to power to become an empire. As a state, the Ottoman state started as a small state in current-day western Turkey. Based on Muslim beliefs and rule, the Ottoman State began to dissolve surrounding Muslim states, which were absorbed into the future empire. This move thereby ended all the other Turkish dynasties. The Ottoman Empire was marked as one of the largest, longest lasting empires. The Ottoman Empire lasted from the late 13th century to 1923. Throughout it’s time, the Ottoman Empire was remarked as highly successful and progressive. But like all empires, the Ottoman Empire had to make its end. The Ottoman Empire, like all dynasties, went through its rise, peak, and falling periods. This essay assesses each period in the Ottoman Empire's history.
The Ottoman Empire was one of the World's Largest Empires. The Ottoman Empire is also referred to as the Turkish Empire. It is the most powerful and long-lasting empire in history. The Ottoman Empires primary source was to increase the Islamic teachings of its leaders (The Ottoman Empire). Many areas of present-day Europe were included in the Empire. Turkey, Egypt, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Macedonia, Hungary, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria were some of the places included in the Empire. Part of the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa was also included (The Ottoman Empire). The empire was one of the largest to rule the borders of the Mediterranean Sea. It was founded in 1299 by Osman I after many breaks down that happened between several Turkish Tribes. This empire had many capitals. Sögüt was the capital of the Empire in 1299 until 1326 (Turkey The Ottoman Empire…). Bursa controlled the area from 1326 through 1365. Edirne controlled the Ottoman Empire from 1365 until 1453. Last but not least was Istanbul which controlled the area from 1453 through 1922. The Ottoman Empire was established by a tribe called the Oghuz Turk which was in Western Anatolia (Turkey The Ottoman Empire…).