1.1 GENERAL In Digital image processing manipulation of images by computer is a relatively modern growth of human’s ancient captivation with visual inspirations. In recent history, it has been used to reasonably every type of imagery, with varying degree of success. The essential subjective influence of pictorial displays attracts a disproportionate amount of concentration from scientist and end used. Image processing suffers from myths, misunderstanding, misconceptions, and misinformation. The main goal of image compression is to reduce the storage requirement for digital imaging and the time required for image transfer, but at the cost of compression and decompression time. Image restoration is the process of removing noise in an image and assessing the clean original image. Noise may occur in various forms such as motion blur, noise, and camera misfocus. Image segmentation is the process of partitioning a digital image into disjoint, connected sets of pixels, one of which corresponds to the background and the remainder to the objects in the image. Segmentation matching can be used to locate objects of known appearance in an image to search for specific pattern. Image processing is a vital supervision under which reduce diverse aspects of optics, electronics, mathematics, photography, and computer technology. Image processing is plagued with check and contradictory jargon taken from different fields. Digital image processing involves image acquisition, enhancement, restoration, compression, segmentation, representation and description. Image acquisition is first process in digital image Processing and can be broadly explained as the action of retrieving an image from some source, usually a hardware-based source. The aim of image... ... middle of paper ... ...IDWT are the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal images, only used Multiresolution representations are very effective for analyzing the information content of images. In study the properties of the operator which approximates a signal at a given resolution that the difference of information between the approximation of a signal at the resolutions 2’ + ’ and 2j can be extracted by decomposing this signal on a wavelet orthonormal basis of L*(R”). In LL(R ), a wavelet orthonormal basis is a family of functions, which is built by dilating and translating a unique function t+r (xl. This decomposition defines an orthogonal multiresolution representation called a wavelet representation. It is computed with a pyramidal algorithm based on convolutions with quadrature mirror lilters. For images, the wavelet representation differentiates several spatial orientations [1].
This trend also found roots in the emergence of photographic technology, originally developed in the early 1800’s and advanced continuously until the present. During this time, artists and photographers suddenly found that they could much more easily captur...
Image quality assessment is another step in image processing in which statistical parameters are used to measure the quality of the processed image in reference to the raw image or the original image. We shall discuss that later in Chapter 5.
In many countries the used of surveillance videos have been growing intensively. As a consequence, a large number of crimes were successfully recorded by the surveillance videos. Therefore, the question of identification of the person on the recording media or digital images is sent to the forensic experts more frequently. However, this can be a formidable task especially when the recordings are in bad quality and enhanced footage have failed to reveal the face (identity) of the suspect. Most of this problem is caused by the resolution of the system, uncalibrated equipment and the lack of efficient and practical method to identify the criminal suspect through surveillance images.
Before the era of digital imaging the process of creating a photographic image had gone on for nearly a century with relatively little advancement. Besides from improvements in film quality and development every few decades, photography was, for the most part, becoming a stable form of art. Not only could people go and get professional photographs taken, but the technology was easy enough to understand that with Kodak’s introduction of a consumer friendly camera in 1888 people could begin producing their own photographs as well. (US News, p49.) Soon followed the 35mm camera, then color film and so- on and so-forth but the primary idea never changed. However, just prior to the 1980’s the world began to see the advancement of digital imaging with the introduction of computer programs that could edit an image after it had been scanned into digital format. This was a dawning of a new era in photography, even though the world would not see the birth of the digital cam...
Automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) is the method of extraction of vehicle number plate information from an image or a sequence of images. The extracted data can be used in many applications, such as toll booths and vehicle parking areas where payment can be done electronically and traffic surveillance systems. The images are taken by the ANPR systems using either a color , black and white or an infrared camera, depending on which different techniques are applied for extraction of information. The quality of image plays a vital role in the successful extraction of license data. For ANPR to be a real life application it has to quickly and successfully process license plates under different environmental conditions, such as day
One of the important areas in information technology is computer graphics. The use of computer graphics is very important because it can help users in daily work efficiently and properly (Yuwaldi, 2000). Among the most important in the field of computer graphics is geometric transformation. With the process of geometric transformation, an object can be manipulated (Yaglom, 2009). Examples of object manipulation in computer graphics are translation, rotation, reflection and scaling. An object can be manipulated in accordance with the requirements of users such as object rotation on normal images like JPEG and bitmap. Geometric transformation can also be performed on digital medical images. This study aims to produce techniques and algorithms that can be used to implement the transformation of objects such as rotation and reflection on medical images.
Christiane, Paul. Digital Art(World of Art Series). London, 2003. Google Book Search. Web. 27 March 2011.
Image retrieval is the process of handling large volume of image database in order to achieve the efficiency in identifying similar images over the retrieved results. In Image retrieval, a choice of various techniques is used to represent images for searching, indexing and retrieval with either supervised or unsupervised learning models. The color feature extraction process consists of two parts: grid based representative of color selection [B.S.Manjunath, 2001] and discrete cosine transform with quantization. Color feature extraction is a very compact and resolution invariant representation of high speed image retrieval systems and it has been designed to efficiently represent the
Digital image processing is the utilization of machine calculations to perform image transformations on digital images. Being a subset of digital signal processing, digital image processing has numerous advantages over the analog image processing. Digital Image processing
The Fourier transform is a fundamental importance to image processing . It is a representation of an image as a sum of complex exponentials of varying magnitudes, frequencies, and phases . It plays a critical role in a broad range of image processing applications , including enhancement , analysis , restoration , and compression. Optics generally involves two-dimensional signals ; for example , the field across an aperture or the flux-density distribution over an image plane. The Fourier transform (alternatively the Fourier spectrum or frequency spectrum) of a function (in general , complex valued) of two independent variables and is defined by .
Digital image processing is many area of research in the fields of computer aided manufacturing (CAM), biomedical instrumentation, electronics, robotics, consumer and entertainment electronics, control and instrumentation and communication engineering etc. important processing such as image restoration and image enhancement[2].
This paper describes the basic technological blee of Digital Image Processing . Image processing is basically classified in to three categories: The Rectification and Restoration, Enhancement and Information Extraction. The Rectification deals with incipient processing of raw image data to correct for geometric distortion, to calibrate the data radiometrically and to eliminate noise present in the data. The enhancement procedures are applied to image data in order to display the data for subsequent visual interpretation effectively. It involves various techniques for increasing the visual distinction between features in a scene. The objective of the information extraction operations is to replace visual analysis
A next characteristic of digital image is the color model used for color images. There are different types of color models which are used in digital imaging and each color model specifies the spectrum of possible colors for the pixel. The range of color which is visible on an image depends on the use of color model. Because of this a particular portion of visible spectrum is used for a digital image in particular color model, and this portion is characteristics of the
The ability to alter images can open creative outlets for photographers and In turn, produce better quality work. Any photog...
Digital camera is a very important tool nowadays. People would always want to save their memories in the shape of pictures that will last forever. People were amazed when the first ever camera introduced back in hundreds of years ago. At that time camera consisted of large and impractical components and it was very hard to use. In fact, it even took quite some time to develop the pictures on the paper. But now there are some products of digital camera that are very easy to use and with its pocket-sized feature, one can carry it everywhere. There are several advantages of using digital camera: very easy to use, easy to carry on, instant feedback; which means one can immediately review the captured pictures and erase any pictures that they don’t like. One real advantage of digital camera is that one can share the pictures with other people easily thanks to the high speed internet connection. Before digital camera one has to print pictures, paying for postage, and waiting for the pictures to be delivered. Gone were that days since it is possible now to share the pictures online within minutes.